The Trial of John Italos and the Crisis of Intellectual Values in Byzantium in the Eleventh Century

accused Alexios anathema applied arguments Augustine authority Berlin Byzantine Byzantium century Chapter charge Christ Christian Church concerning condemned considered critical dialectic discussion divine dogma early eleventh Emperor especially evidence expression fact faith Fathers final Greek hand held human Ibid icons Idem imperial important intellectual interest involved issues Italos Italy Joannou John knowledge later logic London matter means medieval mentioned Michael namely nature officials Orthodox pagan Paris passage Patriarch philo philosophy political position Psellos question rational reason referred religious rhetoric says scholars schools secular seems sense siècle society soul synod Synodicon teaching term theology theory things thought tion tradition trial turn twelfth University West Western γὰρ δὲ εἰς ἐν καὶ οὐκ πρὸς τὴν τῆς τὸ τὸν τοῦ τῶν