Current Societal Concerns about JusticeLeo Montada, Melvin J. Lerner Springer Science & Business Media, 31 Οκτ 1996 - 286 σελίδες What role does justice play in the formation of public opinion and the scholarly debates about social problems? Does the perception of injustice force problems to appear on the political agenda? Does the perception of an injustice give momentum to social change? Or are violations of self-interest or threats to one's material welfare the more important factors? Or are empathy-driven concerns for the needy and the disadvan taged motivations to solve societal problems? What is known about the role justice concerns play in leadership? In several chapters of this volume, justice concerns and justice motives are viewed in relation to other concerns and motivations; welfare, self-interest, altruism. It is argued that the consensus of political theorists converges on mutual advantage as the main criterion of acceptable solutions to solving socie tal problems. In economics, self-interest is considered the driving force and provides the criterion of acceptable solutions. Sociological and social psychological exchange theories share these basic assumptions. Thus, questions are raised and answered concerning how justice and these other important motives appear in the analyses of societal prob lems and the search for solutions. Moreover, in addition to the issue of conflicting motives-self interest, altruism, justice-it is commonly recognized that the definition of what is just and what is unjust is open to question. In public as well as in scientific dialogues, diverging views about justice have to be integrated or decided upon. |
Περιεχόμενα
Doing Justice to the Justice Motive | 1 |
References | 8 |
Distributive Justice in a Real World | 9 |
2 The Structures of Moral Theories | 11 |
3 Coherence | 15 |
4 Institutional Fallibility | 17 |
5 Other Pragmatic Constraints | 21 |
6 Concluding Remarks | 22 |
2 The Forms of Justice | 141 |
3 Distributive versus Procedural Justice | 144 |
4 Justice Motives | 147 |
5 Conclusion | 149 |
References | 150 |
Victims without Harm doers Human Casualties in the Pursuit of Corporate Efficiency | 155 |
To Believe or Not to Believe in a Just World | 158 |
The Paradoxical Effects of Procedural Fairness without Distributive Justice | 160 |
References | 23 |
The Power of the Myth of SelfInterest | 25 |
1 The Laypersons Belief in the Power of SelfInterest | 26 |
12 Estimated Impact of Racial Status on Concern for Minority Needs | 27 |
13 Estimated Impact of Payment on Willingness to Donate Blood | 28 |
14 Estimated Impact of Payment on Willingness to Participate in Future Experiments | 29 |
15 Summary | 30 |
2 Paths by Which the Myth of SelfInterest Exerts Power | 31 |
22 We Experience Discomfort When We Take Action Incongruent with Our SelfInterest | 33 |
23 We Fear Social Isolation When We Take Actions Incongruent with Our Selfinterest | 36 |
24 We Justify Our Behavior in Terms of SelfInterest | 38 |
25 Summary | 40 |
Lack of Incentive or Lack of Justification? | 41 |
32 Committing Altruism under the Cloak of SelfInterest | 43 |
4 Conclusion | 45 |
Empathy Altruism and Justice Another Perspective on Partiality | 49 |
A Universal and Impartial Moral Principle | 50 |
21 Multiple Moralities Multiple Justices | 51 |
Altruism and Justice as Two Distinct Prosocial Motives | 52 |
23 The Problem of Partiality as a Conflict between Altruism and Justice | 54 |
3 Some Empirical Evidence | 55 |
Assigning Workers to Tasks | 57 |
Playing God | 60 |
34 Summary | 61 |
Problems and Promise for Justice of EmpathyInduced Altruism | 62 |
References | 64 |
Intergenerational Relations Inequality and Social Justice | 67 |
2 The Exchange Model and Intergenerational Relations | 69 |
22 The Basic Model and Intergenerational Relations | 73 |
3 Extensions of the Social Exchange Model | 76 |
311 Forms of Exchange and Intergenerational Relations | 77 |
4 Conclusion | 79 |
References | 80 |
Have Feminists Abandoned Social Activism? Voices from the Academy | 85 |
1 Method | 87 |
12 Sample | 88 |
Measures and Coding | 89 |
143 Nature of Activities | 90 |
2 Results | 91 |
22 Extent of Activism | 92 |
24 Correlates of Activism | 93 |
3 Discussion | 96 |
Acknowledgments | 98 |
References | 99 |
From Is to Ought and the Kitchen Sink On the Justice of Distributions in Close Relationships | 103 |
Objects Subjects and Norms | 105 |
21 Objects and Goods | 106 |
22 Actor Victim and Responsibility | 107 |
23 Rules and Norms | 110 |
1 Allocation rules | 112 |
2 Procedural rules | 114 |
3 Distributional rules | 117 |
24 Normative Patterns | 119 |
Norms and Practise | 121 |
Do They Matter? | 123 |
31 Emotional Reactions to Injustice | 124 |
311 The Victim | 125 |
313 The Harmdoer | 127 |
4 Conclusion | 129 |
Acknowledgments | 130 |
Justice and Leadership A Social CoConstructionist Agenda | 137 |
1 The Social Construction of Leadership | 139 |
The Entrapped Victims of a Hidden Moral Dilemma | 162 |
Young People Coping with the Injustice of Relative Deprivation | 165 |
6 Concluding Thoughts | 168 |
Mass Unemployment under Perspectives of Justice | 171 |
2 Is Mass Unemployment an Injustice? | 173 |
3 The Claim for a Civil Right to Employment and Responsibility Attributions to the State | 174 |
4 Responsibility Reconsidered | 175 |
41 Causes of Mass Unemployment | 176 |
42 Who Is Responsible? The Construction of Reality | 177 |
5 The Social Construction of Justice | 178 |
6 The In Justice of Occupational Policies | 181 |
62 Creating More Parttime Positions | 182 |
63 Flexibilization of Working Times | 183 |
65 Spread of Wages at the Lower End of the Income Scale | 184 |
66 Second Labor Market | 185 |
67 Promoting and Supporting New Ventures | 186 |
7 The Distribution of Costs | 187 |
71 Is It Just to Defend Acquired Entitlements? | 188 |
References | 189 |
What Is Fair in the Environmental Debate? | 195 |
2 Justice Arguments | 197 |
22 Equality | 199 |
23 Procedural Issues | 200 |
24 Rights | 202 |
3 Relevance of Different Values to Appeal of Different Positions | 203 |
4 Implications for Environmental Justice | 206 |
References | 208 |
Is Justice Finite? The Case of Environmental Inclusion | 213 |
11 The Scope of Justice and the Natural World | 214 |
12 Broadening the Environmental Constituency | 215 |
22 Societal Arrangements that Influence Environmental Behavior | 216 |
222 Ecofeminism | 217 |
224 Environmental Justice | 218 |
3 Typologies of Environmental Inclusion | 219 |
32 HumanCentered Environmental Values | 220 |
4 Dynamics of Inclusion | 221 |
The Illusion of Inclusiveness | 222 |
42 Expanding Environmental Inclusion | 223 |
422 Pluralism | 224 |
Challenges of Environmental Inclusion | 225 |
References | 226 |
Are Proenvironmental Commitments Motivated by Health Concerns or by Perceived Justice? | 231 |
12 The Field of Socioecological Justice | 233 |
13 Overview of Empirical Justice Relevant Psychological Contributions to the Promotion of Proenvironmental Behavior | 235 |
2 A Structural Model to Explain Proenvironmental Behavior | 236 |
3 First Study | 240 |
32 Sample and Measurement Instruments | 242 |
33 Summary of the Main Predictive Results | 243 |
4 Second Study | 244 |
42 Sample and Research Method | 246 |
5 Summary and Discussion of the Results of Both Studies | 250 |
6 Outlook on Future Research | 254 |
References | 256 |
Tradeoffs between Justice and SelfInterest | 259 |
2 SelfInterest and the Justice Motive | 262 |
3 Linking Justice and Welfare Criteria | 268 |
4 Procedural Fairness in Value Conflicts and the Social Construction of Value Orientations | 273 |
References | 274 |
| 277 | |
| 283 | |
Άλλες εκδόσεις - Προβολή όλων
Current Societal Concerns about Justice Leo Montada,Melvin J. Lerner Περιορισμένη προεπισκόπηση - 2013 |
Current Societal Concerns about Justice Leo Montada,Melvin J. Lerner Δεν υπάρχει διαθέσιμη προεπισκόπηση - 2014 |
Current Societal Concerns about Justice Leo Montada,Melvin J. Lerner Δεν υπάρχει διαθέσιμη προεπισκόπηση - 2013 |
Συχνά εμφανιζόμενοι όροι και φράσεις
action activism actor affectional bond air pollution allocation altruism appraisals argue attitudes attribution basic Batson belief campus citizens close relationships cognitive conflict context corrective justice costs decisions deep ecology distributive justice ecological economic effects egalitarian emotional empathy employees environment environmental psychology equality equity exchange theory experience fairness feel feminism feminist gender harmdoer individual injustice intergenerational relations Journal of Social justice considerations justice motive Leo Montada Lerner Meindl ment Mikula moral mutual advantage natural natural environment norms Opotow participants perceived perception perspective Plenum political practise prediction predictor variables principle problems procedural justice proenvironmental commitments proenvironmental measures question Rawls Rawlsian reactions Reichle relevant responsibility rules scope of justice social construction social exchange theory Social Issues Social Justice Research Social Psychology society spouse subjects theory of justice tion unemployed unemployment unjust victims welfare women York