All Or Nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust, 1941-1943

When Nazi Germany and fascist Italy were united, both had savage racial laws; Hitler and Mussolini viciously denounced the Jewish manace. In the Second World War Jews who fell into the hands of the German army were consigned almost without exception for the death camps, not one Jew who came under the control of the Italian army ended there. The Italian officers protected not just Italian Jews, but Jewish refugees of every nationality. To the Germans, their actions were inexplicable and subversive.