Why Calories Count: From Science to Politics

Front Cover
University of California Press, Apr 18, 2012 - Business & Economics - 288 pages
Calories—too few or too many—are the source of health problems affecting billions of people in today’s globalized world. Although calories are essential to human health and survival, they cannot be seen, smelled, or tasted. They are also hard to understand. In Why Calories Count, Marion Nestle and Malden Nesheim explain in clear and accessible language what calories are and how they work, both biologically and politically. As they take readers through the issues that are fundamental to our understanding of diet and food, weight gain, loss, and obesity, Nestle and Nesheim sort through a great deal of the misinformation put forth by food manufacturers and diet program promoters. They elucidate the political stakes and show how federal and corporate policies have come together to create an “eat more” environment. Finally, having armed readers with the necessary information to interpret food labels, evaluate diet claims, and understand evidence as presented in popular media, the authors offer some candid advice: Get organized. Eat less. Eat better. Move more. Get political.
 

Contents

Introduction
1
It All Starts with the Science
11
What Is a Calorie?
13
From Ancient Greece to Modern Calorie Science
21
How Scientists Count the Calories
30
How Scientists Measure the Use of Calories
40
Survival Warmth and Work
49
How the Body Turns Food into Energy
51
Could Restricting Calories Prolong Human Life?
130
Part five Too Many Calories
137
Another Complex Relationship
144
Do Excess Calories Make Some People Gain Weight
150
Do Some Kinds of Diets Work Better than Others?
165
A Closer Look
175
Portion Distortion Health Halos
186
Science and Politics
192

Basic Life Functions
57
Heat Losses while Metabolizing Food
63
Physical Activity
69
Part three Calorie Intake and Its Regulation
77
How Many Calories Do You Need?
79
The Struggle to Estimate Intake
86
Alcohol
94
The Bodys Complex Weight Management System
101
Part four Too Few Calories
111
Calories and Global Hunger
121
Industry vs Consumers
201
Will Calorie Labels Help Fight Obesity?
209
How to Cope with the Calorie Environment
217
Appendix One Selected Events in the History of Calories 16141919
227
Appendix Three Frequently Asked Questions
233
Notes
239
List of Tables
271
Index
277
Copyright

Other editions - View all

Common terms and phrases