Why Calories Count: From Science to PoliticsCalories—too few or too many—are the source of health problems affecting billions of people in today’s globalized world. Although calories are essential to human health and survival, they cannot be seen, smelled, or tasted. They are also hard to understand. In Why Calories Count, Marion Nestle and Malden Nesheim explain in clear and accessible language what calories are and how they work, both biologically and politically. As they take readers through the issues that are fundamental to our understanding of diet and food, weight gain, loss, and obesity, Nestle and Nesheim sort through a great deal of the misinformation put forth by food manufacturers and diet program promoters. They elucidate the political stakes and show how federal and corporate policies have come together to create an “eat more” environment. Finally, having armed readers with the necessary information to interpret food labels, evaluate diet claims, and understand evidence as presented in popular media, the authors offer some candid advice: Get organized. Eat less. Eat better. Move more. Get political. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
It All Starts with the Science | 11 |
What Is a Calorie? | 13 |
From Ancient Greece to Modern Calorie Science | 21 |
How Scientists Count the Calories | 30 |
How Scientists Measure the Use of Calories | 40 |
Survival Warmth and Work | 49 |
How the Body Turns Food into Energy | 51 |
Could Restricting Calories Prolong Human Life? | 130 |
Part five Too Many Calories | 137 |
Another Complex Relationship | 144 |
Do Excess Calories Make Some People Gain Weight | 150 |
Do Some Kinds of Diets Work Better than Others? | 165 |
A Closer Look | 175 |
Portion Distortion Health Halos | 186 |
Science and Politics | 192 |
Basic Life Functions | 57 |
Heat Losses while Metabolizing Food | 63 |
Physical Activity | 69 |
Part three Calorie Intake and Its Regulation | 77 |
How Many Calories Do You Need? | 79 |
The Struggle to Estimate Intake | 86 |
Alcohol | 94 |
The Bodys Complex Weight Management System | 101 |
Part four Too Few Calories | 111 |
Calories and Global Hunger | 121 |
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Why Calories Count: From Science to Politics Marion Nestle,Malden C. Nesheim No preview available - 2013 |
Common terms and phrases
adults AJCN alcoholic beverages amino acids amounts animals Atwater Values Atwater’s average basal metabolic rate basal metabolism beer body fat body weight bomb calorimeter calo calorie intake calorie labeling calorie requirements calorie restriction calories a day calories available Calories Count calories per day calories per gram carbohydrate carbon dioxide chapter consumed dietary intake diets digestion doubly labeled water drinks eat less energy expenditure energy intake enzymes estimates excreted Facts label fatty acids figure food components food energy food environment food intake food labels fructose gain weight ghrelin glucose heat hormones human hunger increase investigators kilojoules leptin levels lose weight low-carbohydrate low-carbohydrate diets meals measure metabolizable molecules number of calories nutrient Nutrition Facts Nutrition Facts labels nutrition labeling obesity overweight percent alcohol physical activity portions pounds protein regulation reported restaurants scientists studies sugars thermic effects tion USDA weight gain weight loss women
