DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA.

(a) Causes.-(1) The many attacks made by English sailors on Spanish treasure-ships; (2) The help given by the English to the Dutch, then in rebellion against Philip II. of Spain ; and (3) The refusal of Queen Elizabeth to marry Philip.

(b) Events. To revenge himself for these injuries, Philip prepared a great fleet of 130 ships, manned with 20,000 soldiers. He had also an army of 30,000 men in Belgium, ready to be taken to England. To meet this, the English had about 140 small vessels, and an army of 70,000 raw soldiers. After several delays, the Armada set forth from Spain, and appeared in the Channel. The English, under Lord Howard of Effingham, attacked at a distance, and greatly annoyed the Spaniards, who were unable to retaliate. Having the lightness of their ships in their favour, the English captured ship after ship, and frightened the rest away from Calais by fire-ships. They fled up the North Sea, and round by the coasts of Scotland and Ireland. Here they were beaten about by the storms, and many were shipwrecked. Only 53 battered vessels reached Spain again.

(c) Results.-(1) The almost total destruction of the Spanish fleet and forces, and (2) the exhaustion of the Spanish revenue which precluded all possibility of another such attack for a long time.

NOTE. We reproduce these papers exactly as delivered to us, without the slightest alteration or correction. The writing is clear, distinct, and neat, and the whole of the manuscript is singularly free from alterations and erasures of any kind.-Editor.

PUPIL TEACHER EXAMINATION PAPER.- Nov., 1879. CANDIDATES.

Three hours and a half allowed.

Arithmetic.

MALES.- —1. If 39 men can do a piece of work in 168 days, in how many days can 72 men do it?

2. A periodical published at 10d. has a circulation of 3,500. How much do the publishers receive for each issue?

3. In a certain year 590,767 ozs. of gold coin were exported from the United States. Find the value of £3 17s. 10d. per oz.

4. If four horses can plough 45 acres in 10 days, in what time would six horses plough 81 acres?

5. A sets out in a carriage at the rate of seven miles an hour. In three-quarters of an hour B follows, at the rate of ten miles an hour. In what time will B overtake A?

FEMALES. 1. Make a bill of the following articles :-57 yards of calico, at 13 d. a yard; 156 yards of flannel, at 2s. 1d. a yard; 27 yards of broadcloth, at 27s. 6d. a yard; 39 yards of drugget, at 3s. 5d. a yard; II mats, at 9s. 11d. each; 75 yards of Brussels carpet, at 4s. 8d. a yard.

2. Work, by Practice—(a) A bankrupt's debts amount to £3,548 6s. 8d. What will his creditors lose if he pays 125. 10 d. in the pound? (b) Find the value of a crop on 12a. Ir. 22p. at £19 6s. 8d. an acre.

3. What is the value of 1 pipe 47 gallons 1 quart of wine at £28 17s. 6d. per hogshead ?

Grammar-1. Point out and parse the verbs and adjectives in the following passage :

"The shades of eve come slowly down,

The woods are wrapped in deeper brown,
The owl awakens from her dell,

The fox is heard upon the fell,

Enough remains of glimmering light

To guide the wanderer's steps aright."-SCOTT.

2. Distinguish between transitive and intransitive, regular and irregular, verbs.

3. Give examples of adverbs modifying other adverbs.

Geography.—1. Describe fully the physical features and general character of Aberdeenshire, Cumberland, and Kerry.

If you can, draw a map of the coast-line of each of these

counties.

2. What natural features of country could be well observed in the neighbourhood of each of these places, viz., Maidstone, Leeds, Beaumaris, Bute, Ilfracombe?

Show, in each case, how you could illustrate geographical definitions from actual objects.

3. Write a short account of the islands in the English Channel. Composition.-Write from Dictation the passage given out by the

Inspector.

It cannot be too carefully borne in mind, | especially as we approach more modern times and have to look at questions | more or less akin to those which divide modern opinion, that political progress does not advance in a single line, and political wisdom is the heirloom of no one class of society. There is an age of ecclesiastical prevision, an age of baronial precaution, an age of municipal pretension; of country policy, of mercantile policy, of trade policy, of artisan aspiration : | all, one after the other, putting forth their best side in the struggle for power, |

showing their worst side | in the possession and retention of it. | But in spite of selfish aims | and selfish_struggles | for the maintenance of power, | each contributes to the great march of national well-being, and each contributes an element of its own, each has a strong point of its own which it establishes | before it gives way to the next.

Penmanship (same in each year).

Write, in large hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, the word Citizenship.

Write, in small hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars that make ambition virtue.

FIRST YEAR.

Three hours and a half allowed.
Arithmetic.

MALES.—1. Reduce 13 hours to the fraction of 10 minutes, and 3 of £1 os. 9 d. to the fraction of £1 IOS. Iod.

2. Compare, as fractions of their highest common denomination, the values of of a £, of a guinea, and of a crown.

3. Add together 375 of a guinea, ·875 of 2d., 3·83 of 4s., and 6'15 of 2s. 9 d.

4. Reduce 175 shillings to the decimal of 1, and 26 of £877083 to the decimal of half-a-sovereign.

5. What decimal of £35 os. 3 d. did I receive on being paid 3 of £3 12s. 6d?

FEMALES.- -1. If a piece of cloth is 20 yards in length and yard in breadth, how broad is another piece which is 12 yards long, and which contains as much cloth as the other?

2. If the carriage of 3 cwt. costs 10s. for 40 miles, how much ought to be carried for the same price for 25 miles?

3. If a tradesman with a capital of £2,000 gains £50 in 3 months, how long will it take him, with a capital of £3,000, to gain £175? 4. If I get 8 ozs. weight of bread for 6d. when wheat is 15s. a bushel, what ought a bushel of wheat to be when I get 12 ozs. of bread for 4d.?

Grammar.-I. "Hast thou not marked, when o'er thy startled head,
Sudden and deep the thunder-peal has rolled,
How, when its echoes fell, a silence dead

Sunk on the wood, the meadow, and the wold,
Till murmuring distant first, then near and shrill,

The savage whirlwind wakes, and sweeps the groaning
hill?"-SCOTT.

(a) Point out the adverbs in the above passage, and give your reason in the case of each word for calling it an adverb. (b) Give examples of present and past participles from the above.

Parse fully the word what, taking it as equivalent to that which

in the following:-" "This is what is right, and this is what he told

me to do."

Geography.-1. Draw a map of the basin of the Severn, marking as clearly as you can the courses of its tributaries, and the natural boundaries of the basin.

2. Give a full account of Turkey in Europe under these heads :(a) Its boundaries; (b) Coast-line; (c) Mountain ranges; (d) Rivers; (e) Races who inhabit it; (f) Independent or "vassal States, paying tribute to the Sultan. N.B.-Be careful to describe as well

as to name.

3. In sailing along the coast of Europe, from the mouth of the Seine to the Dardanelles, what are the most striking objects you would see? Describe them as fully as you can. N.B.-Note the word striking, and mention nothing that is not in some way remarkable.

History.-1. Write down the names and dates of our Danish kings. 2. Give a list of the kings who reigned between 1154 and 1399. Fix their dates, and show the relationship between them.

3. Give the dates of the Rising in Scotland against George I., Conquest of Canada under George II., Union of Great Britain and Ireland under George III., Abolition of Slavery under William IV., Crimean War under Victoria. If you cannot fix the dates of these events, give dates of the sovereigns named.

Composition.-Write from memory the substance of the passage read to you by the Inspector.

own.

At the battle of Fleurus, a portion of the French army, under General Marceau, was charged desperately and put to flight by an Austrian division. Marceau was in despair, and hesitated whether he should throw himself on the swords of the enemy, or die by his At this moment, young Soult, then a colonel, galloped up, and cried, "What are you about, General? Are you going to die because those fellows run away? Go after them and bring them back; it will be much better to beat the enemy along with them." Marceau took heart, followed the advice, and retrieved the fortunes of the field in one of its most important points.

SECOND YEAR.

Three hours and a half allowed.

Arithmetic.

MALES.-I. Find the simple interest, and the amount, of £106 13s. 4d. from June 15th, 1843, to September 18th, 1843, at 41 per cent. per annum.

2. In a shipwreck goods were damaged to the extent of 43'75 per cent. Find the number of ozs. whose value was lost in every

lb.

3. What sum will amount to £387 7s. 7!d. in three years, at 4 per cent. per annum, simple interest?

4. How much per cent. is 15 of 96, 23 of 256, 1853 of 7321*75?