Rae on John Wilkes, Dr. Buchan on Wind, and Mr. Price Hughes on Wesley. Canon Isaac Taylor contributes the articles on Writing and on York and Yorkshire, and Cavendish that on Whist. Dr. Mills expounds Zend, and Mr. G. Saintsbury criticises Zola. The first volume of the new edition was issued in March, 1888, so that the work has been completed in less than five years- - a very short time indeed when its magnitude is considered. The "Encyclopædia" contains over thirty thousand articles, contributed by nearly one thousand different writers, and includes among its contributors many of the chief authorities in various departments of knowledge. Questions and Answers about Electricity," a small volume of 100 pages (50 cents) from the press of the D. Van Nostrand Company, is peculiar in some respects. It has four authors and one editor, and the latter, we fear, has taken undue liberties with the manuscripts of the authors. In no other way can we account for the presence of such words as "ampage," "furtherest," "shellaced," etc.; and such statements as, when cells are connected in multiple, the current can travel "only a few feet." Though intended specially for amateurs and students, we fear the book will prove more interesting to those "well up" in the subject. A glossary, by the editor, no doubt, adds to the originality of the work. "The Sloyd System of Wood-working" is the title of a 250page volume from the pen of B. B. Hoffmann, A.B., superintendent of the Baron de Hirsch trade-schools, and just published by the American Book Co. (Price $1.) The book gives an excellent account of the theory and practical application of the Naas system of manual training, which has already received considerable attention in the volumes of Science. The first two chapters of the work give the clearest and most comprehensive exposition of the system we have seen; the third chapter (some things in which might better have been omitted for commonschool purposes) gives a history of the manual training idea; the Dyspepsia Dr. T. H. Andrews, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, says of Horsford's Acid Phosphate. "A wonderful remedy which gave me most gratifying results in the worst forms of dyspepsia." final chapters give an account of various model series and of the progress of the system in elementary schools. -The D. Van Nostrand Company have just published "The Practical Management of Dynamos and Motors," by Francis B. Crocker, professor of electrical engineering in Columbia College, and Schuyler S. Wheeler, D.Sc. To the man in charge of an electric light or power plant this volume will prove invaluable, as it is the first book, as far as we know, devoted specially to their requirements. It gives simple and readily comprehended instructions in the practical use and management of dynamos. and motors. The different subjects are treated separately and in logical order, and are arranged so as to facilitate ready reference on any point on which information is desired. ($1.) Metal-Coloring and Bronzing" is the title of a new 12 mo volume of 336 pages just issued from the press of Macmillan & Co. (Price $1.) The book is the result of experiments and investigations carried on for eighteen months by Arthur H. Hiorns, principal of the metallurgy and engin ering department of the Birmingham (England) municipal school; and is, we believe, the first systematic treatise on metal-coloring (more commonly known as bronzing) that has been prblished. The essential portion of the work is treated under three principal divisions, namely, chemical, electro-chemical, and mechanical metal coloring, the first being given greater space on account of its greater importance. The introductory portion contains a brief account of the properties of the ordinary metals and their chemical relations with regard to oxygen, sulphur, chlorine. etc.; and also deals with the chemical effects of the atmosphere on metals, the relation of metals to color, and chemical principles and changes. The rest of the volume is devoted mainly to the mechanical processes employed. As an authority on metallurgy the author of this work is well known; and this, with the fact that the book is the first in its peculiar field, insures for it a secure place in technical literature. Exchanges. [Free of charge to all, if of satisfactory character. Address N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, New York.] For sale or suitable exchange.-A spectrometer made by Fauth & Co., Washington, D. C., according to the plan of Prof. C. A. Young. This instrument is suitable for the most advanced investigations and determinations. Cost originally $700 and has been used but little. Will be disposed of at a considerable reduction. Address Department of Physics, Ohio University, Athens, O. I will send British land and fresh-water shells in return for those of America, any part, sent to me. have at present about fifty or sixty species, with W. A. Gain, Tuxford, Newark, many varieties. I England. The Biological Department of Hamline University desires to offer microscopic slides of animal tissues, or whole animals, in exchange for first-class fossils. line University, Hamline, Minn. Address correspondence to Henry L. Osborne, Ham For sale.-A set of the Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellscaft, from Jan. 1, 1877, to Jan. 1 It reaches various forms of 1 Bond St., New York City. For sale.—1,500 bird, and 125 mammal skins, which Dyspepsia that no other medi-are first-class and labelled with strictly reliable data. They were collected in this immediate vicincine seems to touch, assisting ity and are preserved and made up according to the latest approved methods. As I offer the above at a the weakened stomach, very low price, it would be a good opportunity for a college or a museum. Willard E. Treat, East Hart ford, Conn. making the process of digestion natural and easy. and Descriptive pamphlet free on application to Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. Beware of Substitutes and Imitations. For Sale. A new Model U. S. Army Hospital Wants WANTED.-American Journal of Conchology, seven volumes. Parties having these for sale will please address the undersigned, stating condition and price. R. Ellsworth Call, Louisville, Ky. A GRADUATE ENGINEER will give instruction evenings in geometry, trigonometry and surveying, mechanics, physics, mechanical drawing and general engineering construction. Five years' experience in field and editorial work on engineering journal References furnished C. S. H., 102 Tribune Building. New York A POSITION is desired in the outh preferably Can also i struct in other branches. Salary only the Gulf States, where I can teach he sciences. nominal, as I am simply desirous of employment while spending the winter in the south. A private family preferred, but will acce t regular school work if not too confining. MORRIS GIBBS, M.D, Kalamazoo, Mich. WANTED. By well-qualified and experienced science master and associate of the Royal School of Mines, London, aged 26 (at present in England), a mastership in technical college or university for any of the following subjects: Engineeristry and metallurgy, etc., etc. ing sciences geology and mineralogy, physics. chemlent references and credentials. Apply, J. G., 17 Can provide excelSussex St., Rochdale, England. and a practical mineralogist of twenty years GRADUATE of the University of Pennsylvania experience desires to give his services and a cabinet of 25, 00 specimens, all named. with a out the same number of duplicates, in minerals. crystals, rocks, gems fossils sheils archægical and ethnological specimens and woods to a y iustitution desiring a fine outfit for study. The owner will increase the cabinet to 50.0 0 specimens in two years and will act as curator Correspondence solicited from any scientific institution. J. W. Hortter, M.D., Ph.D., San Francisco, Cal., General P. O. Delivery. The American Geologist for 1893. Edited by PROF. S. CALVIN, University of Iowa; DR. E. W. CLAYPOLE, Buchtel College; JOHN EYERMAN, Lafayette College; DR. PERSIFOR FRAZER, Penn Hort. Soc.; PROF F. W. CRAGIN, Colorado College; PROF. ROB'T T. HILL, U. S. Irrigation Survey; DR ANDREW C. LAWSON. University of California; Frank D. KNOWLTON, U. S. National Museum; JOSEPH B. TYRRELL, Geol. Sur of Canada; E OLRICH, Minnesota, Geological Survey: PROF. I. C. WHITE, University of West Virginia; PROF. N. H. WINCHELL University of Minnesota. Now in its Xth volume. $3.50 per year. Sample copies. 20 cents. Address THE GEOLOGICAL PUBLISHING CO., Minneapolis, Minn. Arnold Constable & Co GLOVES. DENT & FOWNES' Celebrated English Barnes, Charles Reid, Madison, Wis. Baur, G., Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Beauchamp, W. M., Baldwinsville, N.Y. Anatomy, The Teaching of, to Advanced Medical Bolley, H. L., Fargo, No. Dak. Students. Anthropology, Current Notes on. Architectural Exhibition in Brooklyn. Arsenical Poisoning from Domestic Fabrics. DRIVING ANDWALKING GLOVES Bacteria, Some Uses of. Courvoisiers' Bird on Its Nest, The. Birds Breeding at Hanover, N. H. Botanists, American and Nomenclature. Finest Ladies' Suede & Kid Gloves. Bythoscopida and Cereopida. UMBRELLAS. Steamer and Carriage Canada, Royal Society of. Chemical Laboratory of the Case School. Collection of Objects Used in Worship. Deaf, Higher Education of the. LAP ROBES. Diamonds in Meteorites. Coachmen's Fur Capes and Gloves. Broadway & NEW YORK. 19th st. RACES AND PEOPLES. By DANIEL G, BRINTON, M.D. "The book is good, thoroughly good, and will long remain the best accessible elementary ethnography in our language."—The Christian Union. "We strongly recommend Dr. Brinton's Races and Peoples' to both beginners and scholars. We are not aware of any other recent work on the science of which it treats in the English language." -Asiatic Quarterly. "His book is an excellent one, and we can heartily recommend it as an introductory manual of ethnology."-The Monist. "A useful and really interesting work, which deserves to be widely read and studied both in Europe and America."-Brighton (Eng.) Herald. "This volume is most stimulating. It is written with great clearness, so that anybody can understand, and while in some ways. perforce, superficial, grasps very well the complete field of humanity.". The New York Times. "Dr. Brinton invests his scientific illustrations and measurements with an indescribable charm of narration, so that 'Races and Peoples.' avowedly a record of discovered facts, is in reality a strong stimulant to the imagination."-Philadelphia Public Ledger. "The work is indispensable to the student who requires an intelligent guide to a course of ethnographic reading."-Philadelphia Times. Price, postpaid, $1.75. THE AMERICAN RACE, By DANIEL G. BRINTON, M.D. "The book is one of unusual interest and value."Inter Ocean. "Dr. Daniel G. Brinton writes as the acknowledged authority of the subject."-Philadelphia Press. "The work will be of genuine value to all who wish to know the substance of what has been found out about the indigenous Americans."-Nature. "A masterly discussion, and an example of the Diphtheria, Tox-Albumin. Dynamics, Fundamental Hypotheses of. Electrical Engineer, The Technical Education of. Etymology of two Iroquoian Compound Stems. Eyes, Relations of the Motor Muscles of, to Certain Family Traits, Persistency of. Four-fold Space, Possibility of a Realization of. Glacial Phenomena in Northeastern New York. Hemipter us Mouth, Structure of the. Influenza, Latest Details Concerning the Germs of. Klamath Nation, Linguistics. Lightning.New Method of Protecting Buildings from. Bolles, Frank, Cambridge, Mass. Davis. W. M., Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Fessenden, Reginald A., Lafayette, Ind. Flexner, Simon, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Md. Gallaudet, E. M., Kendall Green, Washington, D.C. Garman, S., Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass. Gibbs, Morris, Kalamazoo, Mich. Golden, Katherine E., Agric. College, Lafayette, Ind. Grinnell, George B., New York City. Hale, Edwin M., Chicago, Ill. Hale, George S., Boston, Mass. Hale, Horatio, Clinton, Ontario, Canada. Halsted, Byron D., Rutg. Coll, New Brunswick, N.J. Hall, T. Proctor, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Haworth, Erasmus, Oskaloosa, Iowa. Hay, O. P., Irvington, Ind. Haynes, Henry W., Boston Mass. Hazen, H. A., Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C. Hewitt, J. N. B., Bureau of Ethnol., Washington, D. C. Hicks, L. E., Lincoln, Neb. Hill, E. J., Chicago, Ill. Hill, Geo. A., Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C. Hitchcock, Romyn, Washington, D.C. Holmes, E. L. Chicago, Ill. Hoskins, L. M., Madison, Wis. Hotchkiss, Jed., Staunton, Va. Houston, Edwin J., Philadelphia, Pa. Howe, Jas. Lewis, Louisville, Ky. Jackson, Dugald C., Madison, Wisconsin James, Joseph F., Agric. Dept., Washington, D.C. Kellerman, Mrs. W. A., Columbus, O. Kellicott, D. S., State University, Columbus, O. Lintner, J. A., Albany, N. Y. Loeb, Morris, New York City. McCarthy, Gerald, Agric. Station, Raleigh, N. C. Marshall, D. T., Metuchen, N.J. Masou, O. T., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D. C. Nichols, C. F., Boston, Mass. Physa Heterostropha Say, Notes on the Fertility of. Nuttall, George H. F., Johns Hopkins, Baltimore Pocket Gopher, Attempted Extermination of. Rice-Culture in Japan, Mexico and the United States. Rivers, Evolution of the Loup, in Nebraska. Scientific Alliance, The. Sistrurus and Crotalophorus. Star Photography, Notes on. Storage of Storm-Waters on the Great Plains. Tiger, A New Sabre-Toothed, from Kansas. Will, a Recent Analysis of. Md. Oliver, J. E., Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Ruffner, W. H., Lexington, Va. Sanford, Edmund C., Clark Univ., Worcester, Mass. Scripture, E. W., Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Seler, Dr. Ed., Berlin, Germany. Shufeldt, R. W., Washington, D.C. Slade, D.D., Museum Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass. Stevens, George T., New York City. Thurston, R. H., Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Zoology in the Public Schools of Washington, D. C. True, Frederick W., Nat. Mus., Washington, D.C. Turner, C. H., Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, O. Wake, C., Staniland, Chicago, Ill. successful education of the powers of observation." Some of the Contributors to Science Since Jan. Ward, R. DeC., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Ward, Stanley M.. Scranton, Pa. 1 HARVARD COLLEGE JAN 5 1893 SCIENCE TENTH YEAR. VOL. XX. No. 517. CONTENTS. VANDALISM AMONG THE ANTIQUITIES OF YUCATAN 866 Harvard Coll Lib 14 Apr93 There is at present much more material offerin Reflex Action in TURTLES. M. J. Elrod...... 368 than can be used so long as the paper remains at its 373 publication in Science ent size. It now rests with the scientific public whether the size of the paper snall be doubled and the price raised from $3.50 to $6. The scientific community in America is small, we know,-only about onefourth that in Great Britain, -and it will require the assistance of at least eight hundred scientific men and women not now on our subscription lists to justify our making an enlarged Science. Possibly so many new subscribers cannot be obtained promptly from a class of persons who already have large calls upon them for the support of scientific institutions. But we hope each and all our readers will do all that is possible. Observations on the Cretaceous at Gay The Reticulated Structure of Protoplasm. 374 Auroral Displays. James Hyatt 374 Alleged Extinction of Mulatto. Jas. Lewis 375 1 Subscriber, $6 (1 year, 37 weeks), (1 year if Science is enlarged as proposed). 66 THE American Bell Telephone COMPANY. More than four at same rate. Form of Subscription. N. D. C. HODGES, 874 BROADWAY, NEW YORK: You may enter us as subscribers to Science from January 1, 1893, and we 95 MILK ST., BOSTON, MASS. remit herewith dollars. ADDRESS. New Method of Protecting Property A MINIATURE STEAM-ENGINE. from Lightning. The Lightning Dispeller. Price, $20 to $30.-According to size. The Patent Lightning Dispeller is a conductor specially designed to dissipate the energy of a lightning discharge, -to prevent its doing harm,-placing something in its path upon which its capacity for causing damage may be expended. No recorded case of lightning stroke has yet been cited against the principle of the Dispeller. So far as known, the dissipation of a conductor has invariably protected under the conditions employed. Correspondence solicited. AGENTS WANTED. The Kohl of Chemnitz, Germany, we are enabled to in The American Lightning Protection Company, lamp. but it can also be put in motion by means of United Bank Building, Sioux City, Iowa. THE LABRADOR COAST. a thin rubber tube, the one end of which is to be THE WINNIPEG COUNTRY; OR, ROUGHING IT WITH AN ECLIPSE PARTY. BY A. ROCHESTER FELLOW. A JOURNAL OF TWO SUMMER CRUISES 12°. $1.50. "This is a sprightly narrative of personal incident. The book will be a pleasant reminder to many of rough experiences on a frontier which is rapidly receding."-Boston Transcript. "The picture of our desolate North-western terri By ALPHEUS SPRING PACKARD, M.D., Ph.D. tory twenty-five years ago, in contrast with its Sportsmen and ornithologists wil oe interested in the list of Labrador birds by Mr. L. W. Turner, which has been kindly revised and brought down to date by Dr. J. A. Allen. Dr. S H. Scudder has contributed the list of butterflies, and Prof. John Macoun, of Ottawa, Canada, has prepared the list of Labrador plants. Much pains has been taken to render the bibliography complete, and the author is indebted to Dr. Franz Boas and others for several titles and important suggestions; and it is hoped that this feature of the book will recommend it to collectors of Ameri civilized aspect to-day, and the pleasant features of N. D. C. HODGES, AMERICAN ARCHITECT, is in preparation, and will be THE OLDEST AND BEST Architectural publication in the country. Issued weekly in Three Editions. The INTERNATIONAL EDITION for 1893 will have many special World's Fair features, including 24 colored plates-Heliochromes. All editions contain interesting articles on Architecture, Sanitation, Archæology, Decoration, etc., by the ablest writers. Richly illustrated. Send stamp for specimen copy to TICKNOR & COMPANY, 211 Tremont St., Boston. issued at an early date. WOODCOCK AND QUAIL -Gameland, the 1 lustrated magazine of shooting and fishing, tells you where to find these grand sporting bi ds in near by and faraway localities. It is full of camp life, woodcraft, landscape and natural history. By the year, One Dollar. Three months' trial sub scription, 25 cents. Address GAMELAND, 1,267 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Ward's Natural Science Establishment Mineralogy, Geology, Paleontology, Zoology, Osteology, Anatomy. Send for Circular. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Stuffed Animals and Skins, Mounteo Skeletons, Anatomical Models Invertebrates SCIENCE NEW YORK, DECEMBER 30, 1892. VANDALISM AMONG THE ANTIQUITIES OF YUCATAN AND CENTRAL AMERICA. BY M. H. SAVILLE, ASSISTANT IN PEABODY MUSEUM, HARVARD UNIV., CAMBRIDGE, MASS. THE ancient buildings and sculptures of Yucatan and Central America have within a few years been much damaged and disfigured by the indifference of the natives of those countries, and by the vanity of travellers, some of them unfortunately American, who paint their names in large characters on the sides of the buildings and carve them on the sculptures. Briefly, I will enumerate a few instances that have come under my personal observation. The magnificent "House of the Governor" in Uxmal, probably the grandest building now standing in Yucatan, is almost covered with names on the front and on the cemented walls inside. These names are painted in black, blue, and red, and the letters are in some cases twelve inches high, and here are to be seen the names of men who are widely known in the scientific world. The "House of the Dwarfs" in the same city has suffered in a like manner. Many of the sculptures which have fallen from the buildings in Uxmal have been wilfully broken, and I noticed particularly that two of the beautifully carved turtles from the "House of the Turtles" had been broken apparently by a machete. The large face figured by Stephens in "Incidents of Travel in Yucatan," Vol. II., p. 434, is in a mound in the backyard of a shop in Izamal. This has been almost destroyed. The whole of the face between the eyes and the lower part of the chin is gone, and I was told that the stones thus obtained were used in repairing a fence. On the other side of this mound is the bas-relief in stucco discovered by Charney, and this is slowly crumbling away. The steps leading up to the top of the Great Pyramid are being thrown down; and many mounds in Yucatan are being destroyed at the present time to furnish building material. In fact, if a bee's nest should be found in one of the old buildings, the Indians would tear down part of the structure to get at the honey. In Copan, when the Peabody Museum Honduras Expedition compared the condition of the "Idols" to-day, with the photographs taken by Mr. A. P. Maudslay seven years ago, it was found that during that time some of the very finest sculptures had been disfigured by blows from machetes and other instruments. The Stela given as a frontispiece in Stephens's "Incidents of Travel in Central America," Vol. I., has been much marred by some one who has broken off several ornaments and a beautiful medalion face from the northern side. One of the faces and several noses have been broken off from the sitting figures on the altar figured by Stephens in the same volume, opposite page 142. On some of the idols and altars names have been carved, notably on the back of the Stela figured opposite page 158 in Stephens, and a large fragment has been broken from the same Stela. While excavating in one of the chambers of the Main Structure we uncovered a beautiful hieroglyphic step, but before we had time to secure a photograph of it, some visitor improved the opportunity while no one was about to break off one of the letters. In Quirigua a small statue, discovered by Maudslay and removed by him to a small house near the raucho of Quirigua, bad the head and one of the arms broken from it during the interval between two visits. This statue was of the highest importance, as it very much resembled the celebrated "Chaac-mol" now in the Mexican Museum, but discovered by Le Plongeon at Chichen Itza. One of the Stelæ at Quirigua has had a name carved on it quite recently; but the sculptures of this place are in a much better state of preservation than those of Copan owing to their being at some distance from the road, and being covered with a dense tropical growth; while those of Copan are within a mile of the village, and there was formerly a road over the Plaza Grande and among the idols. The burning of the bush, to clear the land for milphas. has also injured many of the sculptures owing to the cracking of the stones by the heat. While in Nicaragua I learned that the sculptures on the Island of Zapatero in Lake Nicaragua have within a few years been much broken and disfigured. These were described by Squier in "Nicaragua, Its People, Scenery, Monuments, etc.," Vol. II. As the governments of Mexico and the Central American republics are making little or no effort to preserve or care for the antiquities within their boundaries, it remains for the United States to do something to preserve these vanishing memorials of the past. The initiative has been taken by the Peabody Museum, Cambridge, which has been granted, for ten years, the care of the antiquities of Honduras A wall has been built enclosing the principal remains in Copan, and a keeper been placed in charge with strict orders to allow nothing to be destroyed or carried away. Thus a strong effort is being made by the Peabody Museum to protect the wonderful carvings in stone of the ancient city of Copan. ANCIENT JAPANESE CLOCKS. BY FRANK D. SKEEL, A M., M D., NEW YORK. THE ancient Japanese, in common with most Oriental nations, measured time by the position of the sun. Their day commenced and ended with sunrise. As Japan lies between the thirtieth and the forty-fifth parallels of latitude, the days and nights vary considerably in length during the year. To fulfil the conditions of their notation a timepiece must divide into equal parts the periods of daylight and the periods of darkness To construct a timepiece which will perform this erratic division of time is a me chanical problem of no mean order. This, the ancient Japanese have accomplished in several very ingenious ways. Their clocks may be roughly divided into two general classes:1. Those with a constant rate, in which the changing length of the hours is indicated by the spacing of the numerals, which are engraved on movable pieces of metal. 2. Those with a varying rate, having the numerals equally spaced, the length of the hour being regulated by the rate of the clock. Under the first division there are two types, namely, clocks with rectilinear dials, and clocks with circular dials. Clocks of the former type are driven by a weight or a spring. Those of the second type by weight only. The power is transmitted by a cord or chain to which, in clocks with rectilinear dials, the index is attached. The hour-signs are engraved on separate pieces of metal, which slide in a vertical groove in the front of the case. Parallel to this is a slit in the case, through which the hand is attached to the cord. The hours of day and of night are indicated by different characters. The spaces between these signs are regulated by moving the pieces of metal bearing the hoursigns nearer together or farther apart as occasion may require. Some clocks of this type are provided with graduations and a table by which the hour-signs may be properly adjusted in ac cordance with the season of the year. The hand moves downward over the face of the dial as the clock runs down and resumes its place at the top when it is wound. The escapement is the verge, with crown-wheel, balance-wheel, and hairspring. The driving-power is either a weight or a spring, as before stated. |