- D. Van Nostrand Company will publish in the fall in their Science Series "A French Method of Obtaining Slide-Valve Diagrams," by Lloyd Banston, Ass't Naval Constructor, U. S. Navy, and "A Graphical Method for Swing Bridges," by B. F. La Rue.

66

- Professors W. J. Beal and C. F. Wheeler have prepared for the thirteenth annual report of the State Board of Agriculture of Michigan a catalogue of plants of the State. It contains 180 pages, and is much more than a mere list. In the 114 orders represented, these including the phanerogams and vascular cryptogams, there are 554 genera and 1746 species and varieties. A map showing the provisional districts into which the State is divided is prefixed to the catalogue. The distribution of each plant is mentioned, and remarks are made upon many species. It is only possible to refer to some of the numerous topics touched upon in the introductory remarks. Among them we find a general description of the topography of the State, with lists of the plants characteristic of the ten districts, lists of the plants occurring in

Horsfords

Acid Phosphate,

the "Jack-pine plains," the prairies, and in the eastern and western sides of the State in the latitude of 44° 40'. There are also valuable hints in regard to the trees best adapted for planting about the home and along the roadside; planting a wild garden; trees and shrubs noted for the color of their foliage in autumn; native climbing plants; plants indicating a fertile soil; trees valuable for timber; native and introduced weeds; rare or local plants; medicinal plants, etc. Not the least interesting topic is that relating to wild fruits and nuts, the remarks of Dr. Asa Gray made in 1873 being quoted. He speculated upon what the results would have been if our civilization had had its origin in North America instead of the Old World. Apples would have developed from the wild crab; plums from several wild species; the persimmon, the paw paw, the ground nut, hickory nut, and walnut would hold the places now filled by others; and perhaps 2,000 or 3,000 years hence some of these will have taken a front rank among the edible fruits of the then existing races of

men.

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QUERY.

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conductor (one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, say,) has failed to protect between two horizontal planes passing through its upper and lower ends respective ly? Plenty of cases have been

found which show that when the conductor is dissipated the build

ing is not injured to the extent explained (for many of these see volumes of Philosophical Transactions at the time when lightning was attracting the attention of the Royal Society), but an exception is yet known, though this query lished far and wide among electricians.

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Actinism.

Jan. 1, 1892.

Aboriginal North American Tea. Agriculture, Experimental, Status of. Amenhotep, King, the tomb of.

Beal, W. J., Agricultural College, Mich.
Beals, A. H., Milledgeville, Ga.
Beauchamp, W. M., Baldwinsville, N.Y.
Boas, Franz, Clark University, Worcester, Mass.
Bolley, H. L., Fargo, No. Dak.
Bostwich, Arthur E., Montclair, N.J.
Bradley, Milton, Springfield, Mass.
Call, E. Ellsworth, Des Moines, Ia.
Chandler, H., Buffalo, N.Y.
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Conn, H. W, Middletown, Conn.

Anatomy, The Teaching of, to Advanced Medical Brinton, D. G., Philadelphia, Pa.

Students.

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Architectural Exhibition in Brooklyn.
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Artesian Wells in Iowa.
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Brain, A Few Characteristics of the Avian.

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Cragin, F. W., Colorado Springs, Col.

Davis, W. M., Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Dimmock, George, Canobie Lake, N.H.

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ette, Ind.

Hale, Edwin M., Chicago, Ill.

Hale, George S., Boston, Mass.

Hale, Horatio, Clinton, Ontario, Canada.

Hall, T. Proctor, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Halsted, Byron D., Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N.J.

Facial Expressions. Motor Muscles of, to Certain Haworth, Erasmus, Oskaloosa, Iowa.

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Johnson, Roger B, Miami University, Oxford, O.
Kellerman, Mrs. W. A., Columbus, O.

Kellicott, D. S., State University, Columbus, O.
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Lintner, J. A., Albany, N. Y.

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McCarthy, Gerald, Agricultural Station, Raleigh,
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Scripture, E. W., Clark University. Worcester, Mass. Slade, D. D., Museum Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass.

Smith, John B., Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N.J.

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True, Frederick W., National Museum, Washington, D.C.

Turner, C. H., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati,

NEW YORK, AUGUST 12, 1892.

THE CHIEF MOUNTAIN LAKES.

BY GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL.

IN Volume I., Pacific Railroad Reports, pp. 548-549, Mr. James Doty speaks of visiting the Chief Mountain Lake, and describes it and its companion sheet of water. The maps of that survey and other more recent ones show lakes to which this name is given, and references in some recent literature apply to the lakes shown on those maps.

The lakes so named are, however, not the ones mentioned by Mr. Doty, but lie about 25 or 30 miles to the north and west of those which he visited, and it would appear that since Mr. Doty's time no geographer has recognized the lakes which he saw and which he speaks of as "the well-known Chief Mountain Lake." Those called by this name on government maps and referred to in reports of the international boundary survey, published in 1876, are locally known as Kutenai Lakes, but, of course, are not to be confounded with the true Kutenai lakes lying on the Pacific slope and in the bend of the Columbia River. The so-called Kutenai, or Little Kutenai, lakes are crossed by the international boundary line and form the sources of the Little Kutenai or Waterton River, and it is probable should be known as the Waterton Lakes. Chief Mountain is a well-known landmark of north-western Montana, but the Chief Mountain Lakes are unknown in that country, and the lakes mentioned by Mr. Doty are locally known as the St. Mary's Lakes, while the large river flowing from them is called St. Mary's River. It is the most important stream meeting Belly River from the south. The town of Lethbridge, in Alberta, N. W. T., stands at the junction of these two rivers.

Mr. Doty's description of his route, of the country, and of Chief Mountain Lake is very clear, and anyone who is familiar with the region traversed will at once recognize that the lakes on St. Mary's River are Chief Mountain Lakes.

For a number of years I have been in the habit of visiting the region in question, which has been practically unknown even to hunters and trappers, and have explored a section embracing perhaps 900 square miles.

I quote from Mr. Doty's narrative of his journey from Two Medicine Lodge Creek to the Chief Mountain Lakes. Under date of May 27 he says: "The country is considerably broken by high hills and narrow valleys of spring brooks, filled with thickets of poplar and willow and flooded by beaver dams. In twelve miles came to a fine stream [now known as Willow Creek] which is a branch of Cut Bank River; and in sixteen miles reached the Cut Bank itself, the most northerly fork of Marias River. It is a rapid stream, fifty feet wide, and flows through a rich valley. . A broad lodge-trail leads up the valley indicating that the pass is considerably used probably by the Pend d' Oreilles and Kootenaies who come through to hunt buffalo. Crossed at a good ford; pushed on over a range of high hills and encamped on a small stream eight miles from Cut Bank River, which is no doubt one of the sources of Milk River.

66

snow.

May 28. Morning cold, and the hills are white with The country is quite flat and full of springs and spring brooks, which are the sources of Milk River. On our left is a heavy forest of pine timber fifteen miles in length and extending into the plain eight miles from the base of the mountains. Immediately after passing the point we obtained a view of the chief (sic) of King Mountain, which is a bare rocky peak of a square form, standing at a distance of five or six miles from the main chain, and connected with it by a high ridge wooded with pine. In seventeen miles came to a broad valley, the sides of which are wooded with pine and poplar; and in the bottom, five hundred feet below us, we saw the blue water of a mountain lake. This is the well-known Chief Mountain Lake. It takes its name from Chief Mountain. . . . Descending into the valley, in four miles, we reached the lake and encamped in a beautiful prairie bordering it.

66

May 29. Moved up the lake three miles to its inlet and encamped. In this camp we remained until June 5th. . . . "Chief Mountain Lake is seven miles long by one broad. Its banks are low and shore gravelly; the water clear and very deep. The valley of the lake is six miles in breadth, and is rolling prairie interspersed with groves of cottonwood and poplar, and in the low places the birch and willow. The soil is a reddish loam and is fertile, as is indicated by the luxurious vegetation. Pine of a fair size and thrifty growth is abundant and can easily be obtained, and there are inexhaustible quarries of good limestone.

66

Connected with Chief Mountain Lake is another threefourths of a mile wide and extending some nine miles into the mountains in the form of a bow, and I therefore called it 'Bow Lake.' It is shut in by mountains coming close down to the water, and has no valley susceptible of cultivation.

"The mean of observations for latitude gives as the latitude of this, the south end, of Chief Mountain Lake 48° 43′ 09", or 17 miles south of the boundary line. . .

Numerous little streams emptying into these lakes are filled with beaver dams and beaver, this industrious animal having been left in quiet possession of this country since the low price of its fur has rendered it unprofitable to trap them. Elk, moose, and deer are abundant, and salmon trout of large size are taken in the lakes.

"June 5. Started due north along the lake-shore, and in seven miles came to the outlet at the extreme northern end. The outlet is called in the Blackfoot language Mo-ko un or Belly River. It is a swift, deep stream where it comes from the lake and about 80 feet wide, and its course for some miles is due north. This is the most southerly of the head-waters of the Saskatchewan River."

This excellent description of the country makes it clear to my mind that the name Chief Mountain Lakes belongs to those lakes, in north-western Montana, which are locally known as the St. Mary's Lakes. This name was given them nearly fifty years ago by Hugh Munroe, an old Hudson's Bay man, and Mr. Doty's companion on the occasion of his visit to the lakes.

It would seem from Mr. Doty's description that the stream