is steadily westward with us, and each succeeding year sees the springing up of new towns further and further away from the reach of railroads. Out of the way of the steady onward march of civilization and freedom, polygamy must be swept, and that soon. Scarcely any crime known to the Decalogue, but is openly-or almost openly-practised in Utah. Polygamy, itself a crime by the laws of every State in the Union, is of that nature that it calls to its assistance all other crimes. It calls in murder without hesitation, and no man's life is safe in Utah, who is not himself a polygamist, unless he is sheltered by a United States Fort. All local officials work the machinery of justice, in such a way as to play into the hands of polygamy. It is all in all, and woe to the man or thing that obstructs its course. To the list of their iniquities, the "Saints" (as they style themselves, after the brazen fashion of hypocrites, generally,) took occasion during our late war, to add that of treason. From Brigham Young down, the desire was general in Mormondom, that the Union should be destroyed, and slavery given a new lease of life. Not a soldier was sent out, not a dollar was given, to aid the Union cause. No doubt the "prophets" saw that in the future, the same power which was wiping the stain of slavery from our national life, would raise its arm to strike down polygamy. May the vision prove a true one.

ROSE, named in honor of Robert S. Rose, who held an interest in the "Nicholas 4000 acre tract,' was formed from Wolcott, Feb. 5, 1826. It lies in the interior of the county, east of the center, and contains an area of 21,849% acres. Its surface is generally undulating or level, with drift ridges in the south-east. Several small tracts of swamp land are to be found in various parts of the town. The soil is a gravelly loam, intermixed with clay on the westerly side of the drift ridges, and with muck on the low lands. Good clay for brick and tile is found in many places. The highest elevation is 140 feet above Lake Ontario. Limestone approaches the surface in various places, and has been quarried to some extent for lime and building purposes. The old Lock on the Erie Canal at Clyde, was built in 1823 from stone taken from an extensive quarry in the north part of this town. The streams are small; Mudge, Sherman, and Thomas Creeks are the principal. The first town meeting was held at the house of Charles Thomas; Erastus Fuller, a justice of the peace of the old town of Wolcott, presiding. Peter Valentine was the first supervisor.

Rose Valley, (Rose p. o.) near the center, contains four churches, a steam saw-mill, tannery, several stores and two hotels. Population about 400. Wayne Center, (p. o.) in the west, and North Rose, (p. o.) in the north, are hamlets.

The first settlement was commenced in 1805 by Caleb, Melvin and Alpheus Harman and Lot Stewart. Among the early settlers may be mentioned John Sherman, Thaddeus Collins, Milburn Salsbury, Joel Bishop, Seth and Oliver Whitmore, James and Jerry Leland, Aaron Shepard, Elizur Flint, Paine Phillips, Hosea, Harvey and Asahel Gilletts, Jacob Clapper, Benj. Way, Robt. Jeffers, Simeon Van Auken, Dorman Munsell, Simeon I. Barnett, Nathan Jeffers, Wm. Phillips, Philander Mitchell, Robert Andrews, John Bassett, John and Alverson Wade, Palmer Lovejoy, Samuel Southwick, Jonathan Ellenwood, Joseph Seely; James Colborn, Peter Valentine, Charles Thomas, with his sons, Nathan W., Eron N. and Lorenzo C., William Watkins, Orin Lackey, Alfred, Lyman, Joel, and John Lee, Solomon Mirick, John Closs, Wm. Chadock, Robert Mason, Gideon Henderson, David Smith, John Skidmore, Edward and Peter Aldrich, Dudley Wade, John Barnes, Solomon Allen, Amos and John Covey, and Isaac Crydenwise.

The first birth was that of a child of Milburn Salisbury, in 1812. The first marriage, that of Hosea Gillett and Hannah Burnham, in Jan. 1813; and the first death, a child of Harvey Gillett in 1812. Sally Bishop taught the first school, in 1813. Seth Whitmore and Simeon Van Aukin built the first grist and saw mill in 1812–13, on Thomas Creek, at Glenmark Falls. Aaron Shepard was the first blacksmith, in 1812. John Bassett, who commenced the business soon after, still resides in the village, aged 75 years. John Sherman kept the first inn, about the year 1815. John Barber Jr., opened the first store, in 1832. After one year hear he moved his goods to Clyde, and was succeeded in Rose Valley by Eron N. Thomas, his former clerk, who continued the business successfully until the year 1859, when, being largely engaged in buying and selling real estate, farming, manufacturing, building, &c., the selling of goods was abandoned. Dr. Peter Valentine was the first established physician, in 1819. The first church (M. E.) was organized in 1824 with six members. A stone church was erected in 1833, and was destroyed by fire in 1858. A new site was purchased, and in 1860 a church was built at an expense of about $8,000. The first Presbyterian church was organized Feb. 17, 1825, and a church built in 1832, which, in 1862, was sold for a school house, and the same year a brick church was erected on a new site. The Baptist society was organized about 1835, and their church was erected in 1839-40. The Free Methodist Church was organized about the year 1860, and have a small church. Some twenty or thirty years since, several deluded people from this and adjoining towns were engaged in "money digging," and on many of the farms the traces of their work are yet visible. They professed to work under the guidance of invisible spirits, through an interpreter, who claimed to know of money chests, gold, and valuable minerals;

and many a time they were just upon the expected treasure, when, under the excitement of the moment, some unlucky "digger" would break the spell by an exclamation, the untold riches vanished, and the poor frightened individuals run for life. The proposed "Sodus Canal," of which we have spoken under head of Galen, passes thro' this town. Population of the town in 1865, was 2,209.

SAVANNAH, named from the surface, in the south part, was formed from Galen, Nov. 24, 1824. It is the south-east corner town of the county. Its surface is broken by drift ridges in the north, and is low, and marshy in the south; about one-third of the south part is a wood-land marsh, known as Crusoe Island. Seneca River forms the south part of the east boundary. Crusoe Lake is a small, shallow body of water near the center; its outlet, Crusoe Creek, flows into Seneca River. The soil in the north is a sandy and gravelly loam, and in the south it is principally composed of muck and shell marl. The Galen Salt Works, of an early period, were in this town. They were discontinued in consequence of the successful competition of the Salina Salt Works, owing to the superior brine which those works produced. A tract of about 1,900 acres in the south-east part, is an open marsh, producing coarse grass, which has been successfully used in the manufacture of printing paper. Efforts have been made to reclaim this vast tract of swampy country, by a process of draining. A project of turning the course of a creek flowing into Seneca River was contemplated, but owing to an opposition of commercial interests in Oswego, it was abandoned, and the subject still remains an open matter.

The town has an area of 21,908 acres. Its population in 1865 was 1,938. There are 13 schools, employing 13 teachers, with an average attendance of 283 scholars. The expenses for school purposes during the year 1866, was $3,519.37.

Savannah, (p. v.) near the center, incorporated April 15, 1867, is a station upon the N. Y. C. R. R., and contains 2 schools, 1 church, (Presb.) and 350 inhabitants. A steam stave mill, owned by Mr. Devfendorf, was burnt in the fall of 1866, and is now being rebuilt. In the spring of 1865, the country on the line of Crusoe Creek was inundated by the freshet at that time, carrying away all the bridges on the creek. Much damage was done to the parts flooded, and much inconvenience resulted to the inhabitants before the damage could be repaired.

The first settlement was made by Elias Converse and Joseph Mozier, in 1812. Alexander and Martin Lamb, John, Jacob and Cornelius Oves, settled previous to 1815. Henry Taylor, now living in town, followed in 1815; and Michael Weatherwax, Benjamin Seeley, Garret Burnham, Abner, Ezra and John Brockway, Henry Myers, David Cushman, and Sampson Mc Bane, mostly

from Eastern New York, soon after. George Fredenburgh, now living in Ill., was among the early settlers. He and Sally Converse were the first couple married in the town; and their child was the first birth. The first death that occurred was that of Sweetman. Lorin Brown taught the first school in 1817. Rev. Mr. Wiers was the first minister settled in the town; but no church was in the town until very recently. It now contains but one. John Brockway and Chauncey Ives are still living in the town; the former 80 and the latter 70 years old.

SODUS, called by the Indians "Assorodus," meaning "silvery water," was formed in January, 1789, by Court of General Sessions of Ontario County. Williamson was taken off Feb. 20, 1802, and Lyons, March 1, 1811. It is the central town on the north border of the county, and is bounded north by Lake Ontario. A part of Great Sodus Bay lies in the north-east corner. Its surface in the north part is mostly level, with a gentle inclination toward the lake. A ridge, 140 to 190 feet higher than the surface of the lake, passes through near the center; and south of this the surface is broken by several ridges extending north and south. The lake shore varies in height from a low swamp to bluffs 70 feet high.Second and Salmon Creeks are the principal streams. The soil in the north part is a clay and sandy loam, and in the south a gravelly loam. The manufacture of lime is extensively carried on in the south part; and red sandstone is quarried in the south-west. Red oxyd of iron (argillaceous ore) is found two miles west of Sodus Point. Salt was manufactured in 1831 and '32. It is by far the largest town in the county, covering an area of 40,184 acres, and contains many beautiful natural prospective views. The lighthouse at Big Sodus Bay, built in 1825, with revolving light, 64 feet above the lake, was destroyed in a gale in 1857. The harbor at this place upon which so much has been expended, is in a very dilapidated condition, the piers being washed away into the harbor, thus rendering it very unsafe for vessels to put in. This was probably the best harbor on the south shore of Lake Ontario, and the money which has been expended on its would be improvement, has left it in a worse condition than when in its natural state, owing to the insufficiency of the appropriations, and incompleteness which has characterized the efforts to render it a good and safe harbor. The population of the town in 1865, was 4,603. It contains 23 schools employing 23 teachers, with an average yearly attendance of 492 scholars. The expenditures for school purposes during the year 1866, was $4,616.53.

Sodus (p. v.) contains 3 churches, (Bapt., Presb. and M. E.) the Sodus Academy, incorporated by Regents, Jan. 11, 1855, and employing four teachers; a planing mill, and about 700 inhabit

ants. Sodus Point, (p. v.) on the lake, west of the entrance to the Bay, is a U. S. port of entry in the Genesee District. It has a church, saw mill and boat yard, and about 250 inhabitants. It is a very general favorite and pleasant summer resort for the people of this section. Here, in fair weather, may be seen large numbers of visitors, eager for the joys of a day's fishing on the Bay. The Sodus Point and Southern R. R. was organized March 8, 1852, with a capital of $350,000. Operations were commenced in the construction of this road, which was surveyed and partly graded, but finally abandoned in 1854. It was designed to connect with the Catskill and Ithaca R. R. Sodus Centre (p. v.) contains 1 church, 1 foundry, 1 carding mill, 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill, and about 180 inhabitants. Alton (p. v.) contains 1 church, (Meth.) 1 saw mill, a tavern, and about 100 inhabitants. South Sodus (p. v.) contains a tavern, and about 125 inhabitants. Joy (p. v.) contains 1 church, (Meth.) 1 saw mill, and about 150 inhabitants.

The first settlement was made in 1794, under the auspices of Charles Williamson, agent of the Pulteney Estate. Mr. Williamson caused a road to be cut through from Palmyra to Sodus Point in the spring of 1794. During the summer the town was surveyed, an extensive city plan laid out between Salmon Creek and the Point, and within two years mills were erected on Salmon Creek. A tavern was built at an expense of $5,000, a pleasure yacht was placed upon the bay, and, in roads, surveys, buildings, &c., over $20,000 were expended. Thomas Little, and Moffat were

the local agents of Mr. Williamson. Of all those connected with these premature improvements, but few remained after they were completed. Elijah Brown was an early settler, four miles west of the Point, and Amos Richards, seven miles west. Ammi Ellsworth came from Conn., in 1801, and settled near the point. Dr. Wm. Nixon Loomis, settled at the Point, and built mills and a forge. A daughter of his is Mrs. Elizabeth Ellet, author of "Women of the Revolution," and "Domestic History of the Revolution." Col. Peregrine Fitzhugh came from Md. in 1803, with his family and slaves-over 40 persons in all. Dr. Thomas G. Lawson, an Englishman, settled one mile from the Point in 1803. Af ter expending considerable money in attempting to form a settlement, he abandoned the enterprise in 1805. In 1799, besides those already mentioned, there were 25 families in town on roads leading to Palmyra and Lyons. Moses and James Sill kept the first inn, at Sodus Point, in the building erected for that purpose by Mr. Williamson. The first church (Bapt.) was organized in 1805. Elder Seba Norton was the first settled minister. On the evening of June 13, 1813, a party of about 100 English landed at Sodus Point in boats, from the fleet of Sir James Yeo, for the purpose of seizing or destroying what public stores they could find. They