48. In an action for libel against a newspaper, extracts from such newspaper may be given to show its circulation, and the extent to which the libel has been published. The jury, in estimating the damages, are to look at the character of the libel, and whether the defendant is rich or poor. The plaintiff is entitled, in all cases, to his actual damages, and should be compensated for the mental sufferings endured, the public disgrace inflicted, and all actual discomfort produced.

49. Delivery of a husband's goods by a wife to her adulterer, he having knowledge that she has taken them without her husband's authority, is sufficient to sustain an indictment for larceny against the adul

terer.

58. A married woman can neither sue nor be sued on any contract made by her during her marriage, except in an action relating to her individual property. The action must be commenced either by or against her husband. It is only when an action is brought on a contract made by her before her marriage, that she is to be joined as a co-plaintiff, or defendant, with her husband.

59. Any contract made with a person judicially declared a lunatic is void.

60. Money paid voluntarily in any transaction, with a knowledge of the facts, cannot be recovered,

52. When a minor executes a contract, and pays money, or delivers property on the same, he cannot afterwards disaffirm such contract and recover the money, or property, unless he restores to the other party the consideration received from him for such money or property.

53. When a person has, by legal inquisition been found an habitual drunkard, he cannot, even in his sober intervals, make contracts to bind himself or his property, until the inquisition is removed.

54. Any person dealing with the representative of a deceased person, is presumed, in law, to be fully apprized of the extent of such representative's authority to act in behalf of such estate.

55. In an action against a railroad company, by a passenger, to recover damages for injuries sustained on the road, it is not compulsory upon the plaintiff to prove actual negligence in the defendants; but it is obligatory on the part of the latter to prove that the injury was not owing to any fault or negligence of theirs.

56. A guest is a competent witness, in an action between himself and an inn-keeper, to prove the character and value of lost personal baggage. Money in a trunk, not exceeding the amount reasonably required by the traveler to defray the expenses of the journey which he has undertaken, is a part of his baggage; and in case of its loss, while at any inn, the plaintiff may prove its amount by his own testimony.

57. The deed of a minor is not absolutely void. The court is authorized to judge, from the instrument, whether it is void or not, according to its terms being favorable or unfavorable to the interests of the minor.

62. A wife is a competent witness with her husband, to prove the contents of a lost trunk, or when a party.

63. A wife cannot be convicted of receiv

ing stolen goods when she received them

of her husband.

64. Insurance against fire, by lightning or otherwise, does not cover loss by lightning when there is no combustion.

65. Failure to prove plea of justification, in a case of slander, aggravates the offence.

66. It is the agreement of the parties to sell by sample that constitutes a sale by sample, not the mere exhibition of a specímen of the goods.

67. An agent is liable to his principals for loss caused by his misstatements, tho' unintentional.

68. Makers of promissory notes given in advance for premiums on policies of insurance, thereafter to be taken, are liable there

71. Testimony given by a deceased witness on first trial, is not required to be repeated verbatim on the second.

72. A person entitling himself to a reward offered for lost property, has a lien upon the property for the reward; but only when a definite reward is offered.

73. Confession by a prisoner must be voluntarily made,to constitute evidence against him.

74. The defendant in a suit must be served with process; but service of such process upon his wife, even in his absence from the State, is not, in the absence of statutory provisions, sufficient.

75. The measure of damages in trespass for cutting timber, is its value as a chattel on the land where it was felled, and not the market price of the lumber manufactured. 76. To support an indictment for malicious mischief in killing an animal, malice towards its owner must be shown, not merely passion excited against the animal itself.

89. Contracting parties are bound to disclose material facts known to each, but of which either supposes the other to be ignorant, only when they stand in some special relation of trust and confidence in relation to the subject matter of the contract. But neither will be protected if he does anything, however slight, to mislead or deceive the other.

78. An interest in the profits of an enterprise, as profits, renders the party holding it a partner in the enterprise, and makes him presumptively liable to share

any loss.

79. Males can marry at fourteen, and females at twelve years of age.

material part of it, that an alteration of the the date by the holder after execution,

91. The date of an instrument is so far a

makes the instrument void.

81. Any dog chasing, barking, or otherwise threatening a passer-by in any street, lane, road, or other public thoroughfare, may be lawfully killed for the same.

82. A written promise for the payment of such amount as may come into the hands of the promisor, is held to be an instrument in writing for the payment of money.

83. The declaration of an agent is not admissible to establish the fact of agency.But when other proper evidence is given, tending to establish the fact of agency, it is not error to admit the declarations of the agent, accompanying acts, though tending to show the capacity in which he acted. When evidence is competent in one respect and incompetent in another, it is the duty of the court to admit it, and control its effects by suitable instructions to the jury.

84. The court has a general power to remove or suspend an attorney for such immoral conduct as rendered him unworthy of confidence in his official capacity.

85. Bankruptcy is pleadable in bar to all actions and in all courts, and this bar may be avoided whenever it is interposed, by showing fraud in the procurement of the discharge, or a violation of any of the provisions of the bankrupt act.

86. An instrument in the form of a deed, but limited to take effect at the termination of the grantor's natural life, is held to be a deed, not a will.

93. It is unprofessional for a lawyer who has abandoned his case without trying it, a term or two before trial, to claim a fee conditional upon the success of his client, although his client was successful.

94. Although a party obtaining damages for injuries received through the default of another, was himself guilty of negligence, his negligence contributed to cause the inyet that will not defeat his recovery, unless jury.

95. A person may contract to labor for another during life, in consideration of receiving his support; but his creditors have the right to inquire into the intention with which such arrangement is made, and it will be set aside if entered into to deprive them of his future earnings.

96. A grantor may by express terms exclude the bed of a river, or a highway, mentioned as boundary; but if without language of exclusion a line is described as

along,' or 'upon,' or as running to' the highway or river, or as 'by,' or 'running to the bank of' the river; these expressions carry the grantee to the center of the highway or river.

88. No man is under an obligation to make known his circumstances when he is buying goods.

for another.

98. One who has lost his memory and understanding is entitled to legal protection, whether such loss is occasioned by his own misconduct or by an act of Providence.

99. When a wife leaves her husband voluntarily, it must be shown, in order to make him liable for necessaries furnished to her, that she could not stay with safety. Personal violence, either threatened or inflicted, will be sufficient cause for such separation.

100. Necessaries of dress furnished to a

discarded wife must correspond with the pecuniary circumstances of the husband, and be such articles as the wife, if prudent, would expect, and the husband should furnish, if the parties lived harmoniously together.

101. A fugitive from justice from one of the United States to another, may be arrested and detained in order to his surrender by authority of the latter, without a previous demand for his surrender by the executive of the State whence he fled.

102. A watch will not pass under a bequest of "wearing apparel," nor of household furniture and articles for family use."

103. Money paid for the purpose of settling or compounding a prosecution for a supposed felony, cannot be recovered back by a party paying it.

104. An innkeeper is liable for the death of an animal in his possession, but may free himself from liability by showing that the death was not occasioned by negligence on his part.

105. Notice to the agent of a company is notice to the company.

106. An employer is not liable to one of his employees for an injury sustained by the latter in consequence of the neglect of others of his employees engaged in the same general business.

107. Where a purchaser at a Sheriff's sale has bid the full price of property under the erroneous belief that the sale would divest the property of all liens, it is the duty of the court to give relief by setting aside the sale.

108. When notice of protest is properly sent by mail, it may be sent by the mail of the day of the dishonor, if not, it must be mailed for the mail of the next day; except that if there is none, or it closes at an unseasonably early hour, then notice must be mailed in season for the next possible mail.

109. A powder-house located in a populous part of a city, and containing large quantities of gunpowder, is a nuisance.

110. When the seller of goods accepts at the time of the sale, the note of a third person, unindorsed by the purchaser, in payment, the presumption is that the payment was intended to be absolute; and though the note should be dishonored, the purchaser will not be liable for the value of the goods.

111. A man charged with crime before a committing magistrate, but discharged on his own recognizance, is not privileged from arrest on civil process while returning from the magistrate's office.

112. When one has been induced to sell goods by means of false pretences, he cannot recover them from one who has bona

fide purchased and obtained possession of them from the fraudulent vendor.

113. If the circumstances attendant upon a sale and delivery of personal property are such as usually and naturally accompany such a transaction, it cannot be declared a legal fraud upon creditors.

114. A stamp impressed upon an instrument by way of seal, is good as a seal, if it creates a durable impression in the texture of the paper.

115. If a party bound to make a payment use due diligence to make a tender, but unable to find him or any agent authorized through the payee's absence from home is be incurred through his failure to make a to take payment for him, no forfeiture will tender.

Discount and Premium.

When a person buys an article for $1,0020 per cent off, (or discount,) and sells it again for $1,00, he makes a profit of 25 per cent. on his investment. Thus: He pays 80 cents and sells for $1,00-a gain of 20 cents, or 25 per cent of 80 cents. And for any transaction where the sale or purchase of gold, silver, or currency is concerned, the following rules will apply in all cases.

RULE 1st.-To find premium when discount is given: Multiply 100 by rate of discount and divide by 100, less rate of dis

count.

RULE 2d.-To find discount when premium is given. Multiply the rate of interest by 100, and divide by 100, plus the rate of premium.

Suppose A has $140 in currency, which he wishes to exchange for gold, when gold is 27 per cent. premium, how much gold should he receive? In this case the premium is given, consequently we must find the discount on A's currency and subtract it from the $140, as per rule 2d, showing the discount to be a trifle more than 21 per cent. and that he should receive $110,60 in gold.

5 pr ct. Dis. allows t5 pr ct. Pre. or profit 10" +11 15"

66 66

66

66

66

20"

66 " +17%

66

66

25"

30"

66

*43 66

In large cities nothing is more common than to see large business establishments, which seem to have an immense advantage over all competitors, by the wealth, experience, and prestige they have acquired, drop gradually out of public view, and be succeeded by firms of a smaller capital, more energy, and more determined to have the fact that they sell such and such commodities known from one end of the land to the other. In other words, the establishments advertise; the old die of dignity.The former are ravenous to pass out of obscurity into publicity; the latter believe that their publicity is so obvious that it cannot be obscured. The first understand that they must thrust themselves upon public attention, or be disregarded; the second, having once obtained public attention, suppose they have arrested it permanently, while, in fact, nothing is more characteristic of the world than the ease with which it forgets.

Stephen Girard, than whom no shrewder business man ever lived, used to say: I have always considered advertising liberally and long to be the great medium of success in business, and the prelude to wealth. And I have made it an invariable rule too, to advertise in the dullest times as well as the busiest, long experience having taught me that money thus spent is well laid out; as by keeping my business continually before the public it has secured me many sales that I would otherwise have lost.

Capacity of Cisterns or Wells.

Tabular view of the number of gallons contained in the clear, between the brick work for each ten inches of depth:

Diameter

66

66

Gallons.

.60"

66

2 feet equals

19

..58 "

66

26

30

Flax Seed* 7

.55 "

66

Oats

Peas

Potatoes 66

66

Timothy Seed

122

66

66

.....

Wheat

*Flax Seed by cust'm weighs 56 lb, per bush.

Facts on Advertising.

The advertisements in an ordinary number of the London Times exceed 2,500. The annual advertising bills of one London firm are said to amount to $200,000; and three others are mentioned who each annually expend for the purpose $50,000. The expense for advertising the eight editions of the "Encyclopædia Britannia" is said to have been $15,000.