the same word as kλów, but whether it was directly adopted from the Greek, or only a sister word, I do not know. If adopted, it was adopted very early, as its derivatives cliens and inclitus show. The idiom in which κλύειν, ἀκούειν—clueo, audio-meant to hear oneself called,' 'to be called,' was a favourite one in both Greek and Latin. Aesch. Prom. 868, κλύειν ἄναλκις μᾶλλον ἢ μια φονος. Soph. Trach. 414, μῶρος δ' ἡ πάλαι κλύων σέθεν. Soph. Οed. Col. 988, ἐν τοῖσδ ̓ ἀκούσομαι κακός. Dem. 241. 13, νῦν κόλακες καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθροὶ ἀκούουσι; Trin. 2. 2. 31, Qui animum vincunt, quam quos animus, semper probiores cluent; Epid. 2. 2. 5, "Senati qui columen ciuent; Hor. Ep. 1. 7. 7. Rexque paterque audisti coram; cf. Ibid. 1. 16. 17; Sat. 2. 6. 20; Prop. 2. 34. 83, where nothing will persuade me that Propertius did not write Nec minor his audis. Lucretius uses cluere almost = esse, 1. 449, Nam quaecum. que cluent, 'all things which exist, which have a name,' Munro.

16. praemiorum. In the interval between my printing my Critical Note and penning these lines, the author of this em adation ad plures se penetravit, and it will not be out

place if I here express the deep regret that I feel at the early death of one of the most accurate Plautine scholars in our land.

17. anteit, dissyllable, perhaps written divisim: ante it.

19. patria hac et prognati tutantur, servantur. I have inserted hac. Seyffert's law that every Bacchiac line must have a pure bacchius in it, does not seem to me capable of proof any more than that an anapaestic dimeter must have one pure anapaest. tutantur, passive, 3. 2. 3 infra. Nonius quotes tuos qui celsos terminos tutant from Naevius (20 Ribb.), and Tu mulier tege te et tuta templo Liberi from Pacuvius (298 Ribb.).

22. edepol. It is hardly necessary at this time of day to warn the student against supposing the first syllable of this word to be long. What ede- is derived from is uncertain, it certainly is not from aedem. It is probably the same as e- in ecastor, the first syllable of which is long. I mean ĕde- is in ecastor contracted into e-.

25. There is not sufficient reason for changing the rare

inductu to the common ductu. ductu is more general, inductu is 'leading into fight,' 'leading on.' Cf. inducere, 1. 1. 87. 25. coetu, 'engagement,' the only passage where it is used in this sense. Cf. concurritur, Hor. Sat. 1. 1. 7, and our 'joining battle.' Cf. Ter. Phorm. 2. 2. 32, Prima coitiost

acerruma.

26. certe enim, 'yes, I know for certain.' Enim in old Latin often had an affirmative force, something like nempe, with which enim is etymologically connected. The illative force is latent, but it is going too far, in my opinion, to deny the existence of this illative or causal force in Plautus. Instances of the affirmative use are Plaut. Most. 3. 1. 24, Quid tute tecum? TRA. Nihil enim (why, nothing'); Cas. 2. 5. 15, Quid tu postea? OL. Negavi enim ipsi me concessurum lovi. Ussing quotes Ter. Eun. 1074, Et lubenter vivis et enim bene lubenter victitas, 'yes and'; Virg. Aen. 84, Quam pius Aeneas tibi, enim tibi, maxima Iuno, Mactal, to thee, yes to thee '; Aen. 10. 874, Aeneas agnovit enim laetusque precatur. Cf. Georg. 2. 509, plausus, per cuneos geminatus enim, 'aye, applause redoubled.' See Tyrrell's Note on Mil. 4. 6. 6; Brix on Trin. 3. 2. 79: it is especially used in the phrases at enim, quia enim, non enim, nihil enim, certe enim, enim vero, enim iam. It is, as Brix remarks, often used at the opening of a speech, hence it is called a particula inceptiva by Donatus on Ter. Ad. 2. 1. 14. expectatum: expectatum advenire (wolewòs ¿X0eîv). Pacuvius, 232 (Ribb.) :—

Caelitum camilla, expectata advenis: salve hospita. optato expands the idea of expectatum: this superfluity is a Plautine characteristic. illi so amicae in next verse and uxori in 22. The dative after the past participle is not very In these instances there is an admixture of the ethical dative with the dative of the agent. I mean the construction is between, 'I will return expected by my wife,' and 'I will return expected to the delight of my wife.'

common.

28. hic quidem, to be pronounced, perhaps written, hiquidem, 1. 1. 263. illic. The Mss. give ille, but the trochaic division of a dactyl, ille re, is not legitimate except at the beginning of a verse, while it is not usual in Plautus to make ille a pyrrhic unless a short monosyllable preceding together with the first syllable of ille forms either the arsis or thesis of a

foot. Cf. dn ille in the next verse, where an ill- forms the arsis. See Mueller, Plaut. Prol. p. 281. He prefers ille huc. But illic is often altered to ille in Plautine Mss., and it is simpler to read it here.

29. aibat. Plautus uses both the older dissyllabic form, and the trisyllabic aiebat. The fact that the 2nd person sing. is ais (Men. 3. 2. 22) shows that aio was of the 4th conjugation.

32. qua gratia = cuius rei gratia, qua de causa. Ussing. 34. in mentemst, 1. 1. 26 supra. The copyists here changed est to venit, forgetting the idiom, thus making the verse too long. Cf. 78 infra, where in mentem has been

changed to in mente.

36. quom abeo. The historical present with quom is a usage of colloquial Latin. Ussing quotes, with other passages, the following: Men. Prol. 29, Tarenti ludi forte erant quom illuc venit; Men. 5. 9. 56, Quot eras annos natus tum, quom te pater a patria avehit; Ibid. 5. 9. 76, Hunc censebat te esse, credo, quom vocat te ad prandium. So Hor. Sat. 2. 3. 61, cum Ilionam edormit; Ibid. 277, Marius cum praecipitat se Cerritus fuit?

37. Quid tibist? what's the matter?' Exactly the French 'qu'avez-vous?' The phrase is a stock one. Ad aquam praebendam, for washing the newly born infant and mother. Ter. Andr. 3. 2. 3, Nunc primum fac ista ut lavet. Drawing water from a deep well is hard labour. commodum, 'just in time,' 'exactly.' Cic. Att. 13. 9, Commodum discesseras heri cum Trebatius venit. Cf. Cas. 3. 4. 3; Stich. 2. 2. 41; Trin. 5. 2. 12. 38. rationem ductare, 'are reckoning.' Ductare rationem is not found elsewhere, but ducere rationem is not uncommon. Lucil. 736 (Lach.), Age nunc summam sumptus duc; Cic. Att. 8. 11. ad Pomp. ad fin. duxi meam rationem. I do not understand Ussing when he says putare is nearer the Mss. reading than ductare.

39. Scin quam bono animo sim. Scin quam, scin quomodo, are often used in threatening replies. See on 1. 1. 200 supra. The indicative usually follows scin quam, but Ussing quotes Bacch. 4. 2. 12, for the subjunctive, at scin quam iracundus siem? situlam, a large bucket for drawing water.

40. numquam edepol tu mihi divini creduis post hunc diem, 'never trust me after this day in any sacred matter.' Credere is used with a genitive of specification, 'in the matter.' Cf. Asin. 2. 4. 53, quoi omnium rerum ipsus semper credit; Bacch. 3. 4. 5, nam mihi divini numquam quisquam creduat; Truc. 307, numquam edepol mihi Quisquam homo mortalis posthac duarum rerum creduit. The fuller phrase in which quicquam is expressed is found in Asin. 5. 2. 4, Neque divini neque mi humani posthac quicquam adcreduas, Artemona, si huius rei me mendacem inveneris, where the construction of huius rei with mendacem is really the same. Poen. 2. 20, Quid ei divini aut humani aequomst credere? Hence it is that the copyist has introduced quicquam here. divini: Ussing says the meaning is 'do not believe me when I swear by the gods.' Perhaps it is rather to be explained thus: divini et humani was a formula including all matters, sacred and profane, and was the original formula; then when there was not room to express both, divini was selected as apparently the more solemn of two, the meaning being as vague to the Romans as to the reader. creduís: subj. pres. from credo: the termination -duis is from the old form duo for do which is seen in interduo, Capt. 3. 5. 36: concreduo, Aul. 3. 6. 49, and in its own subjunctive duim. Plautus also uses the form creduam, -as, at, and accreduas. So perduis, infra, 215, and perduint, very common in the phrase di te perduint.

41. occepso, i.e. accepero, a form which occurs vs. 92 infra, and may be the true reading here. animam omnem intertraxero, 'draw the very life out of the well,' animam put comically for aquam. intertraxero: cf. interbibere, to 'drink dry'; see 2. 1. 86 supra, and cf. the forms interficio, interimo,. intertrimentum.

42. allegabo, 'appoint.' Ussing quotes Stich. 5. 3. 8, Ceterum curando id allegavi. It is strange that Lambinus preferred alligabo, 'tie to.'

44. speratam suam, 'his darling.' Nonius, p. 175, says that speratum meant sponsum, and quotes from Afranius, 174 (Ribb.), speratam non odi (7 novi) tuam, and 175 (Ribb.), curre, nuntia venire et mecum meam speratam adducere, as Ribbeck reads. Hence speratam not only declares how Amphitruo longed to see his wife, but conveys a tender

reminiscence of days of courtship. Cf. Ov. Her. 21. 59: speratae cura puellae.

45. unam, of all others': unus like els is often joined with superlatives in this sense. Most. 4. 3. 44, unus istic servos est sacerrumus. Capt. 2. 2. 28: Quod genus illist unum pollens atque honoratissimum. diiudicat, the prefix of course denotes discrimination.

46. quamque adeo, 'yes and whom.' Adeo in Plautus often denotes 'further,' Stich. 1. 1. 12, patrem tuum meumque adeo, 'and mine too.' Literally, adeo means 'to that.' This may mean 'up to that,' and the senses until ' and 'so very' come under this head. adeo usque dum, or adeo dum, means 'until,' as 1. 2. 10; adeo with adjectives to that degree,' as adeo parcum, so very stingy,' Aul. 2. 4. 36. But it is from the sense in addition to that that most of the idiomatic Plautine usages of adeo are derived. Atque adeo is both intensive, 'what's more,' as Pseud. 1. 2. 60, atque adeo ut frumento ad. fuam, 'yes, that I should overflow with corn,' and corrective, as Cas. 2. 6. 14, CL. Tibi daretur illa? ST. Mihi enim. Ah! non id volui dicere. Dum mihi volui, huic dixi-atque adeo(or rather') dum mihi cupio-perperam Iamdudum hercle fabulor. This meaning or rather' comes naturally out of the sense of what's more'; it occurs several times in Cicero, All. 1. 17. 9, princeps atque adeo secundus, where see Tyrrell's note. Verr. 3. 27, Si damnatus eris atque adeo cum damnatus eris.

·

47. haud vidi magis expectatum. In this ironical phrase the adjective or participle is generally omitted. Ussing quotes Capt. 555, At etiam te suum sodalem esse aibat. TY. Haud vidi magis (sc. sodalem). Merc. 714, Haeres. Ly. Haud vidi magis (sc. haerentem); Poen. 141, Ignoscere id te mihi aequomst. MI. Haud vidi magis (sc. aequom). Hence all the modern editors with one consent punctuate at magis, wrongly, I think. We occasionally find an elliptical colloquial phrase fully expressed. Thus the phrase, sed scin quomodo, generally written in a curtailed form, is fully written Aul. 1. 1. 8, At scin quomodo tibi res se habet. où un in Greek takes the aorist subjunctive, and dewby éσrt is understood; but we find the ellipse for once filled up, Plat. Apol. 16, ovôèv dè deivòv μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ στῇ. Such passages teach us not to be too hasty in cutting all passages where an idiom is found to one pattern,

and I have no doubt, if vs. 48 is sound, that magis expectatum are to be joined together. Ussing ejects vs. 48 altogether. 48. quiquam. See Crit. Note.

49. quom, 2. 2. 10 supra. pulcre plenam, Shakespeare, Winter's Tale, Act 1. Sc. 1, "She is spread of late into a goodly bulk, good time encounter her."

5. 7,

50. deridiculi gratia, 'to make fun of me.' Pseud. Ego periurare mavellem me milies Quam mi illum verba per deridiculum dare.

51. dudum, 'just now,' ' a short while ago.'

53. proinde quasi, ‘just as if.' Proinde is much more common than perinde in this sense in Plautus. It is always a dissyllable in Plautus, and proin, which is a shortened form, is always a monosyllable. He most commonly joins it with ut: twice with quasi, here, and Poen. 4. 2. 23: once with quam, Truc. 2. 3. 3: twice according to the Palatine MSS. with ac, Trin. 3. 2. 33, and 2. 1. 37 supra, where see note. multo post videris, lit. as though you had seen me long quasi after,' i.e. as though it were long since you had seen me. 57. revortimini. The first syllable is lengthened. Cf. riclusit, Cart. 4. 4; rēcidit, Poen. 5. 6. 32; perhaps rēveniunt, 1. 1. 33 supra. This archaic lengthening was preserved in the best ages in the case of recido and reduco, which were perhaps written (by the later authors) reccido and redduco, a doubling often preserved in the MSS. See Munro on Lucretius, 1. 228, who, when he says 'Plautus and Terence have always redduco,' only means that the first syllable is always long where the verse shows the quantity'; the MSS. never in Plautus give redd-, nor of Terence save that in one passage the Bembine had originally redd- in the perfect, but a d is erased. In Ter. Ad. 4. 3. 11, the first syllable of relevo is lengthened, and the MSS. show no trace of a double l, though Bentley read rellevaris, nor do they in Ter. Phorm. Prol. 21, relatum, though Donatus apparently read rellatum. rẻ- is for red-, which is preserved before vowels as in redeo, etc.

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58. auspicium commoratumst. Cf. Liv. 8. 30, In Samnium incertis itum auspiciis est: Papirius dictator... cum ad auspicium repetendum Romam proficisceretur. commoratumst, rarely transitive. Cf. Pseud. 4. 7. 31, Me nunc commoror.