pally on the back, and towards the shoulders, where a kind of crest is formed by long bristly hairs, that protrude themselves through it; and the same sort of wool forms an outer covering to the whole animal, entirely hiding the fine wool, which is short, and of a very different description. All the skins seen by Vancouver were white, or rather of a cream color; the felt was thick, and appeared of a strong texture. Vancouver was here visited by the inhabitants, in great numbers; and they appeared in general to be a friendly race of people, disposed for traffic, and honest. They discovered great vivacity in their manners. The women wore a hideous wooden appendage in an incision of the underlip. RESTORATIVE, in medicine, is a remedy proper for restoring and retrieving the strength and vigor both of the body and animal spirits. All under this class, says Quincy, are rather nutrimental than medicinal; and are more administered to repair the wastes of the constitution than to alter and rectify its disorders. RESTRAIN', v. a. Fr. restreindre; Lat. RESTRAINʼABLE, adj. restringo. To withhold; RESTRAINED LY, adv.keep or pull in; repress; RESTRAINER, n. s. hinder; abridge; limit: RESTRAINT, restrainable is, governable; capable of restraint: restrainedly, with restraint or latitude : restrainer, he who withholds or restrains restraint, the act of withholding; repression; limitation; prohibition. There is no restraint to the Lord to save, by many or by few. 1 Samuel xiv. 6. We restrain it to those only duties, which all men, by force of natural wit, understand to be such duties as concern all men. If she restrained the riots of your followers, 'Tis to such wholesome end as clears her. Merciful powers! Hooker. Shakspeare. Restrain in me the cursed thoughts, that nature His horse with a half checked bit, and a head stall of sheep's leather, which being restrained to keep him from stumbling, hath been often burst, and now repaired with knots. Shakspeare. She will well excuse, Why at this time the doors are barred against you. And about evening come yourself alone, Shakspeare. That Christ's dying for all is the express doctrine of the scripture is manifested by the world, which is a word of the widest extent, and although it be sometimes used more restrainedly, yet never doth signify a far smaller disproportionable part of the world. Hammond. What moved our parents to transgress his will For one restraint, lords of the world besides? Milton. Therein we must not deny a liberty; nor is the hand of the painter more restrainable than the pen of the poet. Browne. If nothing can relieve us, we must with patience submit unto that restraint, and expect the will of the Browne's Vulgar Errours. restrainer. If all were granted, yet it must be maintained within any bold restraints, far otherwise than it is received. Browne. Locke. It is to no purpose to lay restraints or give privileges to men, in such general terms, as the particular persons concerned cannot be known. Id. Upon what ground can a man promise himself a future repentance, who cannot promise himself a fuso restrained to the present that it cannot secure to turity; whose life depends upon his breath, and is itself the reversion of the very next minute. South. I think it a manifest disadvantage, and a great restraint upon us. Felton on the Classics. Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral universality also is to be restrained by a part of the predicate; as all the Italians are politicians; that is, subtle politicians; i.e. they are generally so. those among the Italians, who are politicians, are Watts's Logic. RESTRICT', v. a. Lat. restrictus. To RESTRICTION, n. s. limit; confine: the RESTRICTIVE, adj. derivatives correRESTRICTIVELY, adv. sponding. The two latter indicate phlebotomy for revulsion, the blood. restringents to stench, and incrassatives to thicken Harvey. long to the latter clause, and not to the first, do not They who would make the restrictive particle beattend to the reason. Stillingfleet. Iron manufacture, of all others, ought the least to be encouraged in Ireland; or, if it be, it requires the most restriction to certain places. Temple. This is to have the same restrictions with all other trade. recreations, that it be made a divertisement, not a Government of the Tongue. good of man, is aright directed; which is not to be All speech, tending to the glory of God or the understood so restrictively, as if nothing but divinity, or necessary concerns of life, may lawfully be brought Each other gift, which God on man bestows, Arbuthnot. I'll no say men are villains a'; Burns. The real hardened wicked, When mercury sublimate is resublimed with fresh mercury, it becomes mercurius dulcis, which is a white tasteless earth, scarce dissolvable in water, and mercurius dulcis resublimed with spirit of salt returns into mercury sublimate. Newton. RESULT, v. a. & n. s. Į Fr. resulter; Lat. RESULTANCE, N. S. resulto. To fly or come back; follow as a consequence: resilience; consequence; the act of resulting. Rue prospers much, if set by a fig-tree; which is caused, not by reason of friendship, but by extraction of a contrary juice; the one drawing juice fit to result sweet the other bitter. Bacon's Natural History. by the return or the result of the string, which was Sound is produced between the string and the air, strained by the touch to his former place. RESUME', v. a. RESUMABLE, adj. RESUMPTION, n. s. taken back: resumption, the act of taking back. That opportunity, Lat. resumo. To take back or again: resumable, Srecoverable; what may be Which then they had to take from's, to resume Denham. The universal voice of the people seeming to call for some kind of resumption, the writer of these papers thought it might not be unseasonable to publish a discourse upon grants. Id. RESURVEY', v. a. Re and survey. To review; survey again. I have, with cursory eye, o'erglanced the articles; Appoint some of your council presently To sit with us, once more with better heed To resurvey them. Shakspeare. Henry V. RESURRECTION, n. s. Fr. resurrection; Span. and Port. resurecion; Lat. resurrectio. Revival from the dead; return from the grave. The Sadducees were grieved, that they taught and preached through Jesus the resurrection from the dead. Acts iv. 2. most distant conception. Among the Jews, the belief of a future and separate existence for a long time was deemed no essential article of their creed; but from different passages in Isaiah, Daniel, Ezekiel, and Job, many inferred the reality of a general resurrection. This resurrection appears to have been a general opinion among the Pharisees; for although the Sadducees believed that there was no resurrection, neither angel nor spirit, yet the Pharisees confessed both. This resurrection of the dead to judgment is now generally, and almost universally, maintained by Christians. Numberless fanciful conjectures have been made respecting the manner in which the resurrection is to be accomplished; the identity of the matter of the bodies raised, with that of those which died; the place and state of the souls during their separation from the body, &c.; but, as no decisive opinion can be formed on these subjects, we think it totally unnecessary to take up room with mere unsupported hypotheses. See THEOLOGY. RESUSCITATE, v. a. Į Lat, resuscito. To RESUSCITATION, n. s. stir up anew; revive: the noun substantive corresponding. We have beasts and birds for dissections, though divers parts, which you account vital, be perished and taken forth, resuscitating of some that seem dead in appearance. Bacon. Your very obliging manner of enquiring after me, at your resuscitation, should have been sooner answered; I sincerely rejoice at your recovery, Pope. RESUSCITATION, in medicine. See DROWNING. RETAIL, v. a. & n. s. Fr. retailer; Ital. reRETAILER, n. s. Staglio. To redivide; sell in small quantities; detail: such sale or division: a retailer is a dealer in goods by retail. He is furnished with no certainties, More than he haply may retail from me. Shakspeare. From these particulars we may guess at the rest, as retailers do of the whole piece, by taking a view of its ends. Hakewill. and those who make should also vend and retail their All encouragement should be given to artificers; commodities. Locke. The author, to prevent such a monopoly of sense, is resolved to deal in it himself by retail. Addison. The sage dame. By names of toasts, retails each battered jade. Pope. We force a wretched trade by beating down the sale, absurdities. And selling basely by retail. Swift's Miscellanies. History, which ought to record truth and to teach wisdom, often sets out with retailing fictions and Robertson. History of Scotland. RETAIN', v. a. & v. n. Fr. retenir; Span. reRETAINER. Stener; Ital. ritenere; Lat. retineo. To keep as a possession; keep in use, in service, or in pay: as a verb neuter, to belong to; depend on : a retainer is an adherent; dependent; act of keeping dependents. As they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind. Romans i. 22. Receive him that is mine own bowels; whom I would have retained with me. Philemon xii. 13. Where is the patience now, That you so oft have boasted to retain? Shakspeare. Milton. Be obedient, and retain Unalterably firm his love entire. In animals many actions depend upon their living form, as well as that of mixtion, and, though they wholly seem to retuin to the body, depart upon disunion. Browne. Although they retain the word mandrake in the text, yet they retract it in the margin. Id. These betray upon the tongue no heat nor corrosiveness, but coldness, mixed with a somewhat languid relish retaining to bitterness. Boyle. The vigour of this arm was never vain ; And that my wonted prowess I retain, Witness these heaps of slaughter. Dryden. Whatever ideas the mind can receive and contemplate without the help of the body, it is reasonable to conclude it can retain without the help of the body too. Loeke. A Benedictine convent has now retained the most learned father of their order to write in its defence. Addison. A combination of honest men would endeavour to extirpate all the profligate immoral retainers to each side, that have nothing to recommend them but an implicit submission to their leaders. Id. One darling inclination of mankind affects to be a retainer to religion; the spirit of opposition, that lived long before christianity, and can easily subsist without it. Swift. RETAINING FEE, the first fee given to a serjeant or counsellor at law, in order to prevent his pleading on the contrary side. RETAKE', v. a. Re and take. again. To take A day should be appointed, when the remonstrance should be retaken into consideration. Clarendon. RETALIATE, v. a. Į Lat. re and talio. To RETALIATION. return by giving like for like; repay; requite: requital. They thought it no irreligion to prosecute the severest retaliation or revenge; so that at the same time their outward man might be a saint, and their inward man a devil. South. God, graciously becoming our debtor, takes what is done to others as done to himself, and by promise obliges himself to full retaliation. Calamy's Sermons. It is very unlucky to be obliged to retaliate the injuries of authors, whose works are so soon forgotten that we are in danger of appearing the first aggressors. Swift. RETARD', v. a. Fr. retarder; Lat. retardo. To hinder; to obstruct in swiftness of course. Out of this a man may devise the means of altering the colour of birds, and the retardation of hoary hairs. Bacon. This disputing way of enquiry is so far from advancing science that it is no inconsiderable retarder. Glanville. Some years it hath also retarded, and come far later than usually it was expected. Browne. Nor kings nor nations Fr. retentif; Lat. retentus. Having the power of retaining or withholding; having memory: the noun substantive corresponding. It keepeth sermons in memory, and doth in that respect, although not feed the soul of man, yet help the retentive force of that stomach of the mind. No woman's heart Hooker. So big to hold so much; they lack retention. Shakspeare.. I sent the old and miserable king To some retention and appointed guard. Id. Have I been ever free, and must my house Be my retentive enemy, my gaol? Id. To remember a song or tune, our souls must be in harmony continually running over in a silent whisper those musical accents, which our retentive faculty is preserver of. Glanville. Retention is the keeping of those simple ideas, which from sensation or reflection the mind hath received. Locke. The backward learner makes amends another way, expiating his want of docility with a deeper and a more rooted retention. South. In Tot'nam fields the brethren with amaze Prick all their ears up, and forget to graze; Long Chancery-lane retentive rolls the sound, And courts to courts return it round and round. Pope RETFORD, EAST, a borough, market town, and parish of Nottinghamshire, near the river Idle, seven miles north from Tuxford, and 141 north by west from London. The town is well built, has a free grammar-school, a hospital, and an alms-house; also a town-hall, in which the sessions for the town are held. The county assizes are held here, alternately with Nottingham. The church, called the Corporation, is a neat Gothic building, with a handsome square tower. The environs of this town abound in hop plantations, and a canal to the Trent passes near it. The manufactures are chiefly those of hats and sail-cloth. It is incorporated under two bailiffs, a steward, and twelve aldermen, and sends two members to parliament; the right of election is in the corporation and freemen. The market on Saturday is well supplied with hops, corn, malt, and provisions. RETIARII, in antiquity, gladiators who dressed in a short coat, having a fuscina or trifought in the Roman amphitheatre. They were dent in the left hand, and a net in the right. With this they endeavoured to entangle their adversaries, that they might then with their trident despatch them on their heads they wore only a hat, tied under the chin with a broad riband. RETICULA, or RETICULE, in astronomy, is a contrivance for measuring the exact quantity of eclipses. This instrument, introduced by the Academy of Sciences at Paris, is a little frame, consisting of thirteen fine threads, parallel and equidistant from each other, placed in the focus of the object-glasses of telescopes; that is, in the place where the image of the luminary is painted in its full extent; consequently the diameter of the sun or moon is hereby seen divided into twelve equal parts or digits; so that, to find the quantity of the eclipse, there is nothing to do but to number the luminous and the dark parts. As a square reticule is only proper for the diameter, not for the circumference, of the luminary, it is sometimes made circular by drawing six concentric equidistant circles. This represents the phases of the eclipse perfectly. See ASTRONOMY. RETICULATED, adj. Latin reticulatus. Made of network; formed with interstitial vacuities. The intervals of the cavities, rising a little, make a pretty kind of reticulated work. Woodward on Fossils. RETICULUM, Lat., i. e. a little or casting net, was applied by the Romans to a particular mode of constructing their buildings. In the city of Salino are still to be seen remains of somę walls, evidently of Roman origin from the reticulum. This structure consists of small pieces of baked earth cut lozengewise, and disposed with great regularity on the angles, so as to exhibit to the eye the appearance of cut diamonds; and was called reticular from its resemblance to fishing nets. The Romans always concealed it under a coating. RETIFORM, adj. Lat. retiformis. Having the form of a net. The uveous coat and inside of the choroides are blackened, that the rays may not be reflected backward to confound the sight; and, if any be by the retiform coat reflected, they are soon choaked in the black inside of the ueva. Ray. RETIMO, sometimes called Rhetzmo, a seaport of Candia, situated on the north coast of the island, about forty miles west of the town of Candia. It extends a considerable way along the shore, and has still a citadel, on a sharp projecting rock, built, as well as a fort at the other end of the town, for the protection of the har bour. The latter is now in ruins, and the port itself almost blocked up with sand. The population amounts to about 6000, employed for the most part in agriculture and the culture of the vine, or in making soap from olive oil. Long. 24° 21′ E., lat. 35° 20' N. RETINA, in anatomy, the expansion of the optic nerves over the bottom of the eye, where the sense of vision is first received. See ANATOMY and OPTICS. RETI'NUE, n. s. Fr. retenue; Ital. ritenuti, of Lat. retineo. A number attending upon a principal person; a train. Not only this your ill-licensed fool, But other of your insolent retinue, Do hourly carp and quarrel. Shakspeare. What followers, what retinue can'st thou gain, Or at thy Heels the dizzy multitude, Longer than thou can'st feed them on thy cost? Milton. There appears The long retinue of a prosperous reign, Dryden. RETIRADE, in fortification, a kind of retrenchment made in a body of a bastion, or other work, which is to be disputed inch by inch after the defences are dismantled. It usually consists of two faces, which make a reentering angle. When a breach is made in a bastion, the enemy may also make a retirade or new fortification behind it. RETIRE', v. a., v. n. & n. s. Fr. retirer; retreat; go off; leave company; take away: as I heard his praises in pursuit, Shakspeare. But ne'er, till now, his scandal of retire. Id. There may be as great a variety in retiring and withdrawing men's conceit in the world, as in obtru ding them. Bacon. The battle and the retire of the English succour were the causes of the loss of that dutchy. Id. The mind contracts herself, and shrinketh in, And to herself she gladly doth retire. Davies. The parliament dissolved, and gentlemen charged to retire to their country habitations. Hayward. Like one, who in her third widowhood doth pro fess Language most shews a man; speak that I may see thee; it springs out of the most retired and inmost parts of us. Ben Jonson. into the castle of Farnham. After some slight skirmishes, he retired himself Clarendon. My retirement there tempted me to divert those melancholy thoughts. Denham's Dedication. Thou open'st wisdom's way, And giv'st access, though secret she retire. Milton. Eve, who unseen Yet all had heard with audible lament, Hydra-like, the fire Id Id. And scarce the wealthy can one-half retire, Before he rushes in to share the prey. Dryden. Some, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions and the abstract generalities of logick. Locke. While you, my lord, the rural shades admire, And from Britannia's publick posts retire, Me into foreign realms my fate conveys. Addison. Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus for some time, and the residence of Tiberius for many years. The old fellow scuttled out of the room, and retired. Arbuthnot. How could he have the leisure and retiredness of the cloister, to perform all those acts of devotion in, Id. when the burthen of the reformation lay upon his Thomson. He has sold a small estate that he had, and has erected a charitable retirement, for ancient poor people to live in prayer and piety. RETOLD', part. pass. of retell. told again. Law. Related or Upon his dead corpse there was such misuse By those Welchwomen done, as may not be Without much shame retold or spoken of. Shakspeare. RETORT, v. a. & n. s.` Lat. retortus. To RETORTER, n. s. throw or curve back; RETORTION. rebound; return in argument or censure: the censure or repartee; a chemical vessel. See below. All the nounsubstantives correspond. His virtues, shining upon others, Shakspeare. I said his beard was not cut well, he was in the mind it was; this is called the retort courteous. He passed through hostile scorn; And with retorted scorn his back he turned. Milton. Recent urine distilled yields a limpid water; and what remains at the bottom of the retort is not acid nor alkaline. Arbuthnot. The respondent may shew how the opponent's argument may be retorted against myself. Watts. When, by repeated evaporations, the whole of the soda and neutral salts are separated, remove the remaining liquor to a tubulated glass retort, adapt a receiver to it,and, when this is properly luted, pour some concentrated sulphuric acid upon the liquor within the retort, and proceed to distillation. Parkes's Chemical Catechism. RETORTS, in chemistry, are vessels employed for many distillations, and most frequently for those which require a degree of heat superior to that of boiling water. This vessel is a kind of bottle with a long neck, so bent that it makes, with the belly of the retort, an angle of about sixty degrees. From this form they have probably been named retorts. The most capacious part of the retort is called its belly. Its upper part is called the arch or roof of the retort, and the bent part is the neck. They differ in form and materials: when pierced with a little hole in their roof, they are called tubulated retorts. They are made of common glass, stone-ware, and iron. See CHEMISTRY and LABORATORY. In the Transactions of the Society for Encouragement of Arts, we find a paper containing a method for preventing stone retorts from breaking; or stopping them when cracked, during any chemical operation, without removing any of the contents. I have always found it necessary,' says the writer, 'to use a previous coating for filling up the interstices of the earth or stone, which is made by dissolving two ounces of borax in a pint of boiling water, and adding to the solution as much slaked lime as will make it into a thin paste; this, with a common painter's brush, may be spread over several retorts, which, when dry, are then ready for the proper preserving coating. The intention of this first coating is, that the substances thus spread over, readily vitrifying in the fire, may prevent any of the distilling matters from pervading the retort, but do in no wise prevent it from cracking. Whenever I want to use any of the above coated retorts, after I have charged them with the substance to be distilled, I prepare a thin paste, made with common linseed oil and slaked lime well mixed, and perfectly plastic, that it may be easily spread: with this let the retorts be covered all over, except that part of the neck which is to be inserted into the receiver; this is readily done with a painter's brush: the coating will be sufficiently dry in a day or two, and they will then be fit for use. With this coating I have for several years worked my stone retorts, without any danger of their breaking, and have frequently used the same retort four or five times; observing particularly to coat it over with the last mentioned composition every time it is charged with fresh materials: before I made use of this ex pedient, it was an even chance, in conducting operations in stone and earthen retorts, whether they did not crack every time, by which means great loss has been sustained. If at any time during the operation the retort should crack, spread some of the oil composition thick on the part, and sprinkle some powder of slaked lime on it, and it immediately stops the fissure, and prevents any of the distilling matter from perthrough it. It may be applied without any vading; even phosphorus will not penetrate when it is made a little stiffer, is more proper danger, even when the retort is red hot; and, for luting vessels than any I ever have tried; because, if properly mixed, it will never crack, nor will it indurate so as to endanger the breaking the necks of the vessels when taken off.' RETOSS', v. a. Re and toss. To toss back. Tossed and retost the ball incessant flies. Pope. RETOUCH', v. a. Fr. retoucher. To touch anew; improve by new touches. He furnished me with all the passages in Aristotle and Horace, used to explain the art of poetry by painting; which, if ever I retouch this essay, shall be inserted. Dryden. Lintot, dull rogue! will think your price too much; 'Not, Sir, if you revise it and retouch.' Then if the line of Turnus you retrace, Pope. To trace Dryden. Fr. retracter ; Lat. retractus. To recall; recant; to take back; resume; to unsay: retractation is, change of declared opinion; recantation: retraction, act of withdrawing a declared opinion or claim; a change of measures; declaration of change. There came into her head certain verses, which if |