8. E. has 5 pieces of muslin, each piece containing 95 yards, at 23 cents per yard, for which F. is to give him 32 sheep, at 2 dols. 50 cents each, and the remainder in rye flour, at 1 dol. and 50 cents per hundred: how many hundreds of rye flour must E. receive? Ans. 19cwt. 2qr.

9. A merchant has 1286 yards of linen, at 43 cents per yard, for which he is to receive 2 cwt. 1 qr. 13 lb. of chocolate, at 14 cents per lb., and the rest in money: how much money will he receive? Ans. $515.88.

10. A. has 570 lb. of sugar, at 7 cents per lb., for which B. is to give him cheese, at 111⁄2 cents per lb.: how much cheese will A. receive? Ans. 346lb. 15oz.+ 11. G. gave 112 cwt. of iron, at 5 dols. 4 cents per cwt., for which he received 1208 yards of cloth: what was the cloth per yard? Ans. 46cts. 7m.+

12. A grocer had sugar at 8 cents per lb., for some of which B. gave 750 lb. of tea, at 1 dol. 8 cents per lb. : how many lb. of sugar must B. receive for his tea? Ans. 90cwt. 1qr. 177b. 13. C. gave 2 hogsheads of brandy, at 75 cents per gallon, to D., for 56 yards of cloth: what was the cloth per yard? Ans. $1.633.

14. E. has 2103 lb. of flax, at 10 cents per lb., and 31 dozen of eggs, at 11 cents per dozen, which he barters with F. thus: to have 135 dols. 25 cents in money, and the rest in pork, at 1 dol. 58 cents per barrel: how many barrels is he to receive? Ans. 50 barrels.+

15. Two persons barter: A. has 17 cwt. of hams, at 13 cents per lb.; B. has 1200 lb. of cheese, at 14 dollars per cwt.: which of them must receive money, and how much? Ans. A. $107.04.

16. C. has sugar, which he barters with D. at 5 cents per lb. more than it cost him, against coffee, which stands D. 20 cents a lb., but he put it to 25 cents: how much did the sugar cost at first? Ans. 20cts.

17. E. has flannel worth 50 cents per yard ready money, but in barter he will have 56 cents; H. has muslin worth 31 cents in ready money: at what price ought the muslin to be rated in barter?

Ans. 35cts.

18. S. bought of W. 105 tons of iron, at 10 dollars 3 cents per ton, and is to pay him as follows: viz. in cash, 650 dollars; 250 lb. of leather, at 20 cents per lb.; and 10 loads of coal, each load containing 15 bushels, at 45 cents per bushel; 85 gallons of brandy, at the rate of 75 dollars per hogshead; and the rest in coffee, at 30 cents per lb.: how much coffee is W. to receive? Ans. 6157b. nearly

LOSS AND GAIN.

Loss AND GAIN is made use of to find the loss or gain sustained by buying or selling any commodity.

When you buy any commodity at a certain price, and sell the same at any other price, more or less, to ascertain the gain or loss on the whole.

Rule.

1. Find the whole amount you paid for it.

2. Find the sum it sold for.

3. If the sum it sold for be more than you paid for it, subtract the sum you paid from the sum you sold it for, and the remainder will be the gain.

4. But if you sold it for less than you gave, subtract the sum you sold for, from the sum you paid, and the remainder will be your loss.

When you wish to sell any commodity at a certain gain per cent., and are desirous to know what sum it must be sold for.

As 100 is to the prime cost,

So is 100, with the gain per cent. added, to the amount it must sell for.

When the amount, at a certain rate gain per cent., is given to find the prime cost.

As 100, with the rate per cent. added,

Is to the amount,

So is 100

To the prime cost.

When any commodity is sold at a certain rate per cent. loss, to find the sum received.

As 100 is to the prime cost,

So is 100, less the per cent. lost

To the sum received.

When the sum received on selling any commodity at a certain rate per cent. loss, is given to find the prime cost. As 100, less the rate per cent. lost, is to the sum received, so is the sum received, to the prime cost.

Questions.

For what purpose is loss and gain used?

When you buy any commodity at a certain price, and sell it again at any price more or less than you gave for it, what is first to be done?

What is next to be done, after you find what you gave for it?

When you have found what you sold it for, and it is more than you gave for it, what is to be done, to find the gain?

When you have found the sum it sold for, and it is less than you paid for it, how do you ascertain the loss?

By what rule do you proceed, when you wish to sell any thing at a certain gain per cent., and are desirous to know the amount it must be sold for?

When the amount at a certain gain per cent. is given to find the cost, by what rule do you work?

When any commodity is sold at a rate per cent. loss, by what rule do you find the sum received?

How do you proceed to find the prime cost, when the sum received on selling at a rate per cent. loss, is given to find the prime cost?

Examples.

1. A merchant bought 50 yards of linen, at 50 cents per yard, and sold it at 561 cents per yard: what is gained in the whole ?

yd yd. cts.

1: 50: 6 gain per yard.

61

300

12

Ans. $3.12 whole gain.

2. Bought 1763 lb. of sugar, at 8 cents per lb.; sold the same at 10 cents per lb.: what was the gain on the whole? Ans. $35.26. 3. A man bought flour at 5 dollars per barrel, and sold it at 5 dollars 25 cents per barrel: what did he gain on 363 barrels? Ans. $90.75.

4. If a dry goods merchant purchase 150 yards of cloth, at 3 dollars 75 cents per yard, and sell the same at 3 dollars 90 cents per yard, what would he gain on the whole? Ans. $22.50.

5. If 18 cwt. 2 qr. of hops be bought at 7 dollars and 50 cents per cwt., and the same hops sold for 7 dollars and 75 cents per cwt., what will be the gain on the whole? Ans. $4.62

6. Purchased 210 reams of paper, at 2 dollars 62 cents per ream, and sold it for 2 dollars 87 cents per ream: what was the gain on the whole? Ans. $52.50. dollars 12 cents, and

7. If I cwt. of tobacco cost 18 be sold for 20 dollars 75 cents, what is the gain per cwt.? Ans. $2.621.

8. Bought 150 bushels of corn, at 50 cents per bushel, and sold it at 45 cents per bushel: what was the loss on the whole, and loss per cent.?

Ans. Loss on the whole, $7.50. 10 per cent. 9. A merchant bought 760 lb. of tea, for 810 dollars, and sold it at 90 cents per lb.: whether did he gain or lose, and how much per cent.?

Ans. Lost $126; per cent. 155. 10. If a yard of muslin be bought for 37 cents, and sold again for 32 cents, what is the loss per cent.?

Ans. 143 per cent.

11. When a merchant buys goods, and sells them at an advance of 2d. per shilling, what does he gain per Ans. 163 per cent.

cent.?

12. A man purchased pieces of muslin, at 13 dollars 75 cents per piece; but finding it somewhat damaged, he paid 3 dollars 12 cents per piece for dyeing: how much must each piece be sold for, to gain 12 per cent. on the whole? Ans. $18.90.

13 If 1 cwt. of beef be bought for 7 dollars, what must it be sold for per lb., to gain 3 dollars on the whole? Ans. 8cts. 9m.

14. A man paid 23 cents per lb. for 702 lb. of coffee, and sold the same coffee at 19 cents per lb.: what was his loss on the whole? Ans. $28.08.

15. A man, when he sold a yard of cloth for 2 dollars 23 cents, gained 10 per cent.: if he had sold it for 2 dollars 75 cents, what would have been the gain per cent.? Ans. 353 ncarly.

16. When 100 boxes of prunes, cost 2 dollars 10 cents each, and by selling them at 3 dollars 50 cents per cwt. the gain is 25 per cent., the weight of each box, one with another, is required? Ans. 84lb.

17. If A. purchase 16 pieces of cloth, at 14 dollars per piece, and sell 5 pieces, at 17 dollars per piece, and 6 at 15 dollars per piece, what must he sell the rest at per piece, to gain 12 per cent. on the whole ?

Ans. $15 17cts. 6m. 18. Bought a box of tea, weighing 372 lb., for 410 dollars, and sold it for 500 dollars: what was the gain on each pound? Ans. 24cts. 1m.+

19. When a broker in exchange receives dollar profit, how much is the gain per cent.?

cents per

Ans. $5.00.

20. Bought 5 hogsheads of molasses, containing 510 gallons, at 1 dollar 5 cents per gallon, and sold it at 1 dollar 30 cents per gallon, on a credit of three months; but I would know the gain, allowing for the present worth of the debt at 6 per cent. per annum? Ans. $117.70.