61. A man has 5 bags of money, and each bag contains 25 dollars: how many dollars has he in all? Ans. 125. 62. Charles has 15 marbles, and John 4 times as many: how many has John?

Ans. 60. 63. A gentleman owns 7 houses, from each of which he receives yearly 250 dollars for rent: how much a year does he receive from the seven?

Ans. 1750.

64. A labourer hired himself to a farmer for 4 years, at 150 dollars a year: how many dollars did the labourer receive for his four years' labour? Ans. 600.

65. A gentleman is desirous to purchase 25 shares of bank stock, at 100 dollars per share: how much money must he pay for the 25 shares? Ans. 2500.

66. A mason having built a house, found that he had used 18175 bricks in building it: supposing he is desirous to build 14 houses of the same size, how many brieks will be necessary? Ans. 254,450.

SUBTRACTION.

SUBTRACTION is used to ascertain the difference between two given numbers.

The larger number is called the minuend, the less the subtrahend, and their difference the remainder.

Rule.

1. Set down the larger number first, and under it, (with units under units, tens under tens, &c.) the less number. 2. Then begin at the right hand or units' place, and take the lower figure from that which stands immediately

above, if the upper figure be more than the lower, and set down the remainder.

3. But if the upper figure be less than the lower, add ten to the upper figure, take the lower figure from the amount, set down the remainder, and carry one to the next lower figure.

Proof. Add the less number and the remainder together, and the amount will be equal to the greater number.

Questions.

For what purpose is Subtraction used?

What names are used to distinguish the larger number, smaller number, and the difference between the two numbers?

Repeat the rule for performing operations in subtraction?

How is subtraction proved?

Subtraction Table.

To make use of this table, find the less number in the left hand perpendicular column, and opposite to it, in the horizontal column, the number from which you wish to take it; the figure immediately above, in the top line, will show their difference: as, 3 from 7, and 4 remains.

19. Henry has 25 marbles, and Charles 8: how many more has Henry than Charles?

Ans. 17. 20. William bought 75 nuts, and Edward 42: how many has William more than Edward?

Ans. 33.

21 There are two piles of bricks; in the greater pile there are 7896, and in the less 4339: how many more are there in the greater pile than in the less? Ans. 3507.

22. A merchant bought 4875 bushels of wheat, out of which he sold 2976 bushels: how many bushels has he left? Ans. 1899.

23. I deposited in bank 1240 dollars; I drew out at one time 375 dollars, at another 567, at another 140: how many dollars still remain in bank? Ans. 158.

24. A farmer had 5487 acres of land: he sold to A. 325 to B. 750, and to C. 1000 acres: how many had he left? Ans. 3412.

25. A grocer bought 25 hogsheads of sugar, containing 250 hundred weight; and sold 9 hogsheads, containing 75 hundred weight: how many hogsheads, and how many hundred weight, had he left?

Ans. 16 hogsheads, 175 hundred weight.

DIVISION.

DIVISION is a short method of performing a number of subtractions, when the numbers to be subtracted all express the same quantity.

There are four terms made use of to designate the different parts of the operation of dividing: viz.

The number to be divided is called the Dividend.

The number by which it is divided is called the Divisor. The number of times the divisor is contained in the dividend is called the Quotient.

If there is any left after the operation is completed, it is called the Remainder, and is always of the same denomination with the dividend.

When the divisor does not exceed 12, the operation is performed by short division.

SHORT DIVISION.

Rule.

1. Place the divisor to the left of the number you wish to divide.

2. Consider how many times the number by which you divide is contained in the first figure or figures of the number to be divided, and set down the result, noting whether there be any remainder.

3. If there be no remainder, consider how often the divi

sor is contained in the next figure; but if there be a remainder, conceive it to be placed to the left of the next figure, into which divide as before, and set down the result.

Proof-Multiply the quotient by the divisor, and add in the remainder, if any; the product will equal the dividend.

What is division?

Questions.

Name the four terms made use of to designate the different parts of an operation in division.

By what name is the number to be divided called?

By what name is the number by which another is divided called?

What is called the quotient?

What is called the remainder

How is division performed, when the divisor does not exceed 12?

Where do you place the divisor?

How do you proceed, after having placed the divisor to the left of the dividend?

If there be a remainder, or if there be no remainder, how do you then proceed?

How is division proved?

To use the table

Division Table.

Look for the divisor, or number by which you wish to divide, in the left-hand perpendicular column.

Then trace the horizontal column, in which the divisor stands, until you find the dividend, or number into which you wish to divide; then trace that column to the top, and you will find the product, or number of times the divisor is contained in the dividend.

If you cannot find the exact number into which you wish to divide in the table, look for the next less one, and the difference between them will be what is over.