In valuing ozs. dwts., and grs. Troy, the ounces may be esteemed pounds, the dwts. shillings, and each grain a halfpenny. Thus, 10 ozs. 15 dwts. 21 gr. = £10 15§. 104d. In valuing tons, cwts., qrs., and lbs., the tons may be esteemed pounds, the cwts. shillings, each qr. threepence, and each lb. of a farthing. Thus, 53 tons, 15 cwt. 3 qrs. 21 lb. = £53. 15s. 114d. In valuing cwts qrs. lbs, &c. the cwts. may be esteemed pounds, each qr. 5s., each lb. 24d., and so on. Thus, 21 cwt. 2 qrs. 19 lb. 21. 13s. 44d. Other methods of abridging the calculations will occur to those who consider the subject with attention. To enable the student to accomplish this, and to give him facility, he should perform every calculation more ways than one, which will also serve the purpose of proving the operation. EXERCISES. 1. What is the value of 12 cwt. 1 qr. 14 lb. at 6s. 6d. per cwt.? 2. What is the value of 14 cwt. 2 qrs. 16 lb. at 17s. 6d. per cwt.? 3. What is the value of 17 cwt. O qrs. 21 lb. at 20s. per cwt.? 4. What is the value of 9 oz. 13 dwts. 17 gr. at £3. 17s. 10d. per oz. 5. What is the value of 32 tons, 17 cwt. 2 qrs. at £35. 10s. per ton? 6. What is the value of 9 tons, 18 cwt. 27 lb. at £4. 17s. 6d. per cwt.? 7. What is the value of 112 tons, 13 cwt. 2 qrs. 7 lb. at £84. per ton? 10s. 8. What is the value of 1134 dozen of rum, at £2. 2s. 3d. per dozen? 9. What is the value of 17 lb. of silk, at £2. 4s. 9d. per lb.? 10. What is the value of 17 tons, 11 cwt. 3 qrs. of whale oil, at £35. 15s. per ton? 11. What is the value of 31 tons, 8 cwt. 13 lb. of tallow, at £54. 17s. 9d. per ton? 12. What is the value of 5 hhds. 36 gals. of brandy, at £39. 10s. per hhd? 13. What is the value of 38 dozen, 8 pairs of stockings, at £2. 13s. 84d. per dozen? 14. What is the value of 36 qrs. 3 bushels of wheat, at £2. 9s. 3d. per qr.? 15. What is the value of 127 lb. 3 oz. 13 dwt. 18 gr. of gold, at £3. 14s. 10d. per oz.? 16. What is the value of 325 lb. 5 oz. 15 dwt. 21 gr. of gold, at £46. 10s. 9d. per lb.? 17. What is the value of 857 tons, 12 cwt. 2 qr. 15 lb. 8 oz. 94 dr. of indigo, at £525, 8s. 103d. per ton? 18. What is the value of 6485 tons, 12 cwt. 2 qr. 17 lb, 14 oz. 134 dr. of tea, at £678. 13s. 44— of { farthing? DEDUCTIONS FROM THERE are certain deductions usually made from the weight of goods, on account of the packages. These deductions depend on the nature of the packages, the custom of merchants, and the regulations of public offices. These are distinguished by the names of Draft, Tare, Tret, and Cloff. The total weight of any quantity of goods, including that of the package which contains them, is called the gross weight. Draft is an allowance on the gross weight, to turn the scale, in favour of the buyer, in order that the weight may not be deficient, when the goods are sold by retail: it is always deducted before the tare. Tare is an allowance for the weight of the bag, box, or cask, or other package, in which goods are contained. When other allowances are to be made, the remainder, after deducting the tare, is called sutile. Real tare, or open tare, is the real weight of the package. Customary tare is an established allowance for the weight of the package. Proportionate tare is an allowance, at a given rate, per cwt., per cent., &c. Tret is an allowance of 4 lb. on 104, or part of the suttle weight, for dust, waste, &c. on goods sold by the avoirdupois pound. It is now nearly discontinued by merchants; at the East India warehouses, in London, it is entirely abolished; and at the Custom House neither tret nor draft is allowed. Average tare is the allowance made, when a few packages only, out of many, are weighed, their mean or average taken, and the same tare allowed on all the others. Suppertare is an additional allowance, or second tare, when the goods or package exceeds a certain weight. Cloff is an allowance of 2 lb. for every 3 cwt., for waste, on a few articles, but is now very seldom made; when allowed, the deduction, like draft, is made from the original weight. When all allowances have been deducted, the remainder is called net weight. As several of these allowances have been abolished, the net weight could be very easily ascertained, if the real tare were known; but, as there are several kinds of packages which cannot be conveniently separated from the goods they contain, merchants and public offices have established certain customary tares and allowances. THE FOLLOWING TABLE exhibits the present Commercial Allowances, on a few of the most common Articles of British Commerce. ALUM, ASHES, Pot, rican BARK, Jesuits ALLOWANCES. cwt. In serons, 2 lb. draft; 12 lb. tare, per seron, under 3 ewt.; 4 lb. draft, and 15 lb. tare, per seron, above 3 cwt. ton I lb. draft, per cwt., and real tare.See page 232. Ame-cwt. 2 lb. draft per barrel; 14 lb. tare GOODS. GOATS WOOL. .... GINGER. HEMP. HIDES. INDIGO. East India. lb. In bales, 1 lb. draft bale, and cwt. In bags, 1 lb. draft, each weigh of 2, ton 1 lb. draft for 5 cwt. piece1 lb. draft for 10 hides. Ib. 1 lb. draft per chest and real tare. ditto Draft, 1 lb; tare, per half seron, under 1 cwt. 17 lb.; per seron, under 14 cwt. 21 lb., above, 5 lb. MADDER, Dutch or cwt. 4 lb. draft, per cask; 10 lb. tare, Mulls. Roots. MOLASSES NUTMEGS PEPPER. PIMENTO. PITCH. RICE.... SALTPETRE. SHUMAC. SOAP. Turkey .... per cwt. cwt. I lb. draft and 9 lb. tare, per bag. cwt. 2 lb. draft and 9 lb. cloff, per cask. lb. Tare, as per warrants; when in shells, is allowed for the shells. Ib. 1 lb. draft and real tare. In bags, 1 lb. draft per bag; 4 lb. tare per cwt.; and tret as usual. cwt. 2 lb. draft per barrel; tare according to package. cwt. Draft, 2 lb. per barrel, and real tare. cwt. Tare as per warrants. cwt. 1 lb. draft per bag; 1 lb. tare per cwt. cwt. 2 lb. draft for 3 cwt.; above 3 cwt. 4 lb.; real tare. SUGAR, British West cwt. 2 lb. draft per hhd.; 1 lb. ditto per Draft, 12 lb. per ton; in bulk and bags, real tare. Draft, 12 lb. per ton. ditto Draft, 4 lb. per cask, and real tare. WOOL, Spanish,.... Ib. 2 lb. draft per bale; 20 lb. tare, per bale of 2 cwt.; 22 lb., per bale, above 2 cwt. |