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7. If a man travel 4.316 miles in an hour, how long would he be in travelling from Bradford to Boston, the distance being 291 miles ? Ans. 6h. 50m. 6sec.+ 8. What is the cost of 5yd. 1qr. 2na. of broadcloth, at $ 5.62 per yard? Ans. $30.23,43. 9. Bought 17 bags of hops, each weighing 4cwt. 3qr. 7lb., at $5.87 per cwt.; what was the cost? Ans. $480.64,876. 10. Purchased a farm, containing 176A. 3R. 25rd., at $75.37 per acre; what did it cost? Ans. $13334.30,812. 11. What cost 17625 feet of boards, at $12.75 per thousand? Ans. $224.71,83. 19ft. 3in. long, and Ans. 303ft. 27in.

12. How many square feet in a floor

15ft. 9in. wide ?

13. How many square yards of paper will it take to cover a room 14ft. 6in. long, 12ft. 6in. wide, and 8ft. 9in. high?

Ans. 524yd.

14. How many solid feet in a pile of wood 10ft. 7in. long, 4ft. wide, and 5ft. 10in. high? Ans. 24617ft.

Ans. 24.

15. How many garments, each containing 4yd. 2qr. 3na., can be made from 112yd. 2qr. of cloth? 16. Bought 1gal. 2qt. 1pt. of wine for $1.82; what would be the price of a hogshead? Ans. $70.56. 17. Bought 1254yd. of lace for $ 15.06; what was the price of 1 yard?

18. What cost 17cwt. 3qr. of wool, at

19. What cost 7hhd. 47gal. of wine, head?

20. How many solid feet in a stick of 1ft. 3in. wide, and 1ft. 6in. deep?

21. How many cwt. of coffee in 17 ing 2cwt. 1qr. 7lb. ?

Ans. $0.12. $35.75 per cwt. ? Ans. $634.56,21. at $87.25 per hogsAns. $675.84. timber 34ft. 9in. long,

Ans. 65.15625ft. bags, each bag containAns. 41cwt. Oqr. 51lb.

22. If 18yd. 1qr. of cloth cost $36.50, what is the price of 1 yard? Ans. $2.00.

23. If $477.72 be equally divided among 9 men, what will be each man's share? Ans. $53.08.

24. A man bought a barrel of flour for $5.375, 7gal. of molasses for $1.78, 9gal. of vinegar for $1.1875, 1gal. of wine for $1.125, 14lb. of sugar for $1.275, and 5lb. of tea, for $2.625; what did the whole amount to?

25. A man purchased 3 loads of hay; tons, the second 37 tons, and the third 1 value of the whole, at $ 17.625 a ton?

Ans. $13.36,74. the first contained 2g

tons; what was the Ans. $128.88,242.

26. At $13.625 per cwt., what cost 3cwt. 2qr. 7lb. of sugar? Ans. $48.53,9 27. At $125.75 per acre, what cost 37A. 3R. 35rd. ? Ans. $4774.57,0%.

28. At $11.25 per cwt., what cost 17cwt. 2qr. 21lb. of rice ? Ans. $198.98,48. 29. What cost 7 bales of cotton, each weighing 3.37cwt., at $9.37 per cwt.? Ans. $244.85,1%. 30. What cost 7hhd. 49gal. of wine, at $97.625 per hogshead? Ans. $759.30,5%. 31. What cost 7yd. 3qr. 3na. of cloth, at $4.75 per yard?

Ans. $37.70,34.

32. What cost 27T. 15cwt. 1qr. 34lb. of hemp, at $183.62 Ans. $5098.03,7

per ton? 33. What is the cost of constructing a railroad 17m. 3fur. 15rd., at $1725.87,5 per mile? Ans. $30067.97,882. 34. When $624.53125 are paid for 17A. 3R. 15p. of land, what is the cost of one acre ?

35. Paid $494.53125 for 19T.

what was the cost per ton?

36. How much land, at $40 per $1004.75 ?

Ans. $35. 15cwt. 2qr. 14lb. of hay; Ans. $25. acre, can be obtained for Ans. 25A. OR. 19p.

37. Bought of Queen Victoria 9 acres of land, for which I paid 157.753125£. Required the price per acre.

Ans. 17. 10s. 63d.

38. If $198.984375 are paid for 17cwt. 2qr. 21lb. of rice, what is the value of lcwt. ?

Ans. $11.25.

SECTION XXIX.

EXCHANGE OF CURRENCIES.

It is well known, that, in different States of the Union, the American dollar has a different value as expressed in shillings and pence. The origin of this difference is thus explained. Previous to the formation of the Constitution, all accounts in this country were kept in the currency of Great Britain, and the dollar was reckoned at 4s. 6d. sterling. Owing, however, to the want of money, several States under the colonial government issued Bills of Credit, which were not received by the

British merchants in payment for goods at their par value. Holders of those bills were therefore obliged to pay a larger nominal amount than though they had paid in sterling. Thus eight shillings in the bills of New York passed for one dollar, or 4s. 6d. sterling. In the bills of the New England Colonies, where the depreciation was less, six shillings made a dollar, and in South Carolina and Georgia, four shillings and eight pence. In the ordinary reckonings of the people, shillings and pence are still considerably used, and their estimated value in different States is as follows.

In New England, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Texas, Alabama, and Florida, the dollar is valued at 6 shillings, $1=&£.=££.

In New York, Ohio, and Michigan, the dollar is valued at 8 shillings, $1 =

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In New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, the dollar is considered 7 shillings and 6 pence, $1=

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In North Carolina the dollar is reckoned at 10 shillings, $1 =¿¿£.=}£.

In South Carolina and Georgia 4 shillings 8 pence is the value of a dollar, $16. J£.

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In Canada and Nova Scotia the dollar is valued at 5 shillings, $1=£}£.

The following table exhibits the legal rates of interest in the United States, and the penalty of usury.

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PENALTY OF USURY.

8 per ct. Forfeit of three times the usury, and con

tracts void.

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Louisiana,

Tennessee,
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Wisconsin,

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NOTE.-On debts or judgments in favor of the United States, interest is computed at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum.

In order, therefore, to change the preceding currencies to United States money, the shillings, pence, and farthings, if there be any, must first be reduced to decimals of a pound, and annexed to the pounds.

RULE. Divide the pounds by the value of a dollar in the given currency, EXPRESSED BY A FRACTION OF A POUND; that is, to change the old New England currency to United States money, divide by; because 6 shillings is of a pound.

To change the old currency of New York, &c., to United States money, divide by 10; because 8 shillings is of a pound.

To change the old currency of Pennsylvania, &c., to United States money, divide by ; because 7 shillings and 6 pence is of a pound.

To change the old currency of South Carolina and Georgia to United States money, divide by because 4 shillings and 8 pence is of a pound.

To change Canada and Nova Scotia currency to United States money, divide by because 5 shillings is of a pound.

The old method of changing English sterling money to United States money was, to divide the pounds by, and the quotient was dollars; and, to change dollars into English sterling money, to multiply the dollars by, and the product was pounds sterling. But, as will be seen by a note on page 151, this process does not give the present value of a pound sterling.

EXAMPLES.

1. Change 18£. 4s. 6d. of the old New England currency to United States money.

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In this example we reduce the 4 shillings and 6 pence to a decimal of a pound, which we find to be .225. This decimal we annex to the pounds, and multiply the 18.225£. by 10, and divide by 3, and it produces the answer, $ 60.75. The reason for this process has already been shown.

$60.75 X

2. Change $60.75 to the old currency of New England. - 18.225 = 18£. 4s. 6d. Ans. The decimal .225 is reduced to shillings and pence by Case IV. of Decimal Fractions.

3. Change 78£. 7s. 6d. of the land to United States money.

old currency of New Eng

Ans. $261.25.

4. Change $261.25 to the old currency of New England.

Ans. 78£. 7s. 6d.

5. Change 46£. 16s. 6d. of the old currency of New York to United States money. Ans. $117.06. 6. Change $117.06 to the old currency of New York. Ans. 46£. 16s. 6d.

7. Change 387£. of the old currency of Pennsylvania to United States money. Ans. $1032. 8. Change $1032 to the old currency of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland.

Ans. 387£.

Ans. $54.

9. Change 12£. 12s. of the old currency of South Carolina and Georgia to United States money. 10. Change $54 to the old currency of South Carolina and Georgia. Ans. 12. 12s.

11. Change 128£. 18s. 6d. of Canada and Nova Scotia to United States money.

Ans. $515.70.

12. Change $515.70 to Canada and Nova Scotia cur

rency.

Ans. 128£. 18s. 6d.

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