ORTHOGRAPHY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. THE orthography and use of the following terms are so varied in general practice, that it is thought proper to treat of them, with a view to establishing an uniformity of expression. Abut. To meet, to adjoin to at the end, to border upon. Alignment. Setting to a line, a row. Arabesque. Applied to painted and sculptured ornaments of imaginary foliage, in which there are no figures of animals. Synonymous with Moresque. Ashlar. Rough stones from the quarry. When faced and squared, they are termed smooth. Bagasse. Sugar-cane in its crushed state, as delivered from the rollers. Baluster. A small column or pilaster; a collection of them, joined by a rail, forms a balustrade. Bevel. A term for a plane having any other angle than 45° or 90°. Boomkin. A short spar projecting from the bow or quarter of a vessel, to extend a tack of the fore or main sail to windward. Buhr-stone. Mill-stone which is nearly pure silex, full of pores and cavities. Camboose. The cooking-room of a vessel, usually confined to merchant vessels; in vessels of war it is termed Galley. Cag. A small cask, differing from a barrel only in its size. Calk. To stop seams and pay them with pitch, &c. To point an iron shoe, so as to prevent slipping. Cam. An irregular curved instrument, having its axis eccentric to the shaft upon which it is fixed. Capstan. A vertical windlass. Caravel. A small vessel (of 25 or 30 tons burthen) used on the coast of France in herring fisheries. Chamfer. A slope, groove, or small gutter cut in wood, metals, or stones. To chamfer is to slope, to channel, or to groove. Chimney. The flue of a fire-place or furnace, constructed of masonry. Chinse. To chinse is to calk slightly with a knife or chisel. Clincher built. A term applied to the construction of vessels, when the lower edge of the bottom planks overlays the next under it. Coamings. Raised borders around the edges of hatches. A Cog. In Mechanics, A short piece of wood or other materia. let into the faces of two bodies, to impart motion one to the other. term applied to a tooth in a wheel when it is made of a different material than that of the wheel. Colter. The fore iron of a plow, that cuts the earth or sod. Compass. In Geometry, An instrument for describing circles, measuring figures, &c. Corridor. A gallery or passage in or around a building, connected with various departments, sometimes running within a quadrangle: it may be open or enclosed. In fortifications, a covert-way. Damasquinerie. Inlaying in metal. Davit. A short boom fitted to hoist an anchor or boat. Dilatation. Expanding; opposed to contraction. It differs from ertension; thus, a line may be extended, but a body is dilated. Douel. To fasten two boards or pieces together, by pins inserted in their edges. ཎ་ས་ This is very similar to cogging, but is used in a diminutive sense. An illustration of it is had in the manner a cooper secures two or more pieces in the head of a cask. Evaporation. The conversion of a fluid into vapor, specifically lighter than the atmospheric air. Felloe. The pieces of wood forming the circumference of a car. riage wheel, into which the spokes are inserted." Flange. A projection from an n end or from the body of an instru ment, or any part composing it, the purposes of receiving, confining, or of securing it to a support or to a second piece. Frap. To bind together with a rope, as to frap a fall or vessel. Furring. In Carpentry, Strips of board or pieces of joist to supply deficiencies of timber, or to prepare a fair surface for lathing. Gallery. In Architecture, A covered part of a building used for walking. Graving. Burning off grass, shells, &c., from a ship's bottom. Synonymous with Breaming. Grommet. A wreath or ring of rope. Jib. The projecting beam of a crane from which the pulleys and weight are suspended. A sail in a vessel. Keelson. The timber within a vessel laid upon the middle of the floor timbers, and exactly over the keel Lacquer. A spirituous solution of lac. Lapsided. A term expressive of the condition of a vessel or any body when it will not float or set upright. Mitered. In Mechanies, Cut to an angle of 45°, or two pieces joined so as to make a right angle. Mold. In Mechanics, A matrix in which a casting is formed. A number of pieces of vellum or like substance, between which gold and silver are laid for the purpose of being beaten. Thin pieces of materials cut to curves or any required figure. In Naval Architecture, pieces of thin board cut to the lines of a vessel's timber, &c., &c. Fine earth, such as constitutes soil. A substance which forms on bodies in warm and confined damp air. This orthography is by analogy, as gold, sold, old, bold, cold, fold, &c. Molding. In Architecture, A projection beyond a wall, from a column, wainscot, &c., &c. Mortise. A hole cut in any material to receive the end or tenon of another piece. Ogee. A molding with a concave and convex outline, like to an S. Peek. The upper or pointed corner of a sail extended by a gaff, or a yard set obliquely to a mast. To peek a yard is to point it perpendicularly to a mast. Pipe. In Mechanics, A metallic tube. The flue of a fire-place or furnace, constructed of metal; usually of a cylindrical form. Piragua. A small vessel with two masts and boom sails. Plumber block. A bearing to receive and support the journal of a shaft. Porch. An arched vestibule at the entrance of a building. A vestibule supported by columns. A portico. A Portico. A gallery near to the ground, the sides being open. piazza encompassed with arches supported by columns, where persons may walk: the roof may be flat or vaulted. Rabbet. In Mechanics, To pare down an edge of a board or a plate for the purpose of receiving another board or plate by lapping. To lap and unite edges of boards and plates. The groove in the side of a keel for receiving the garboard strake of plank. Rarefaction. The act or process of distending bodies, by separating their parts and rendering them more rare or porous. It is opposed to condensation. Ream. In Mechanics, To bevel out a hole. Reeming. The opening of the seams between the planks of a vessel, for the purpose of calking them. Rotary. Turning on an axis, as a wheel, Shammy. Leather prepared from the skin of a chamois goat. Sheer. In Naval Architecture, The curve or bend of a ship's deck or sides. To sheer, to slip or move aside. Shoar. An oblique brace, the upper end resting against the substance to be supported. Signalled. Communicated by signals. Slue. To slue is to turn a substance on an axis within its figure Sponson. An addition to the outer side of the hull of a steam vessel, commencing near the light water-line and running up to the guard. Used for the purpose of shielding the guard from the shock of a sea. Sponson sided. The hull of a vessel may be so termed when her frames have the outline of a sponson, and the space afforded by the curvature is included in the hold. Stack. In Masonry, A number of chimneys or pipes standing together. The chimney of a blast furnace is so called. Strut. An oblique brace to support a rafter. Swage. To bear or force down. An instrument having a groove on its under side, for the purpose of giving shape to any piece subjected to it when receiving a blow from a hammer. Template. A mould cut to an exact section of any piece or structure. Templet. In Masonry, A wooden bearing to receive the end of a girder. Tompion. The stopper of a piece of ordnance. The iron bottom to which grape-shot are secured. Treenails. Wooden pins employed to secure the planking of a vessel to the frames. |