2. At $5 per perch, how much will it cost to build a house in the form of an L, the main building being 40 × 25 ft., and the L 18 ft. square; walls of main building 18 in. thick, and 24 ft. high, and those of the L 9 in. thick and 14 ft. high; the L being built against the main building; and two doors, each 7 x 3 ft., and 12 windows, each 6 x 3 ft., in the main building, and 1 door 6×3 ft., and 2 windows, each 5 × 3 ft., in the L to be deducted? Ans. $925.61.

3. What will it cost to build of common bricks a barn 50 ft. long, 25 ft. wide, and 20 ft. high, the walls being 13 in. thick, when brick cost $9 per M., and laying the brick is paid for at the rate of $2 per M., making an allowance for 2 doors, each 3 by 7, 1 door 8x7, and 2 windows, each 4 by 4 ft. ? Ans. $641.333.

Milwaukee bricks are 8 × 43 × 2 in.; Philadelphia and Baltimore, 81×4 × 28.

4. How many Milwaukee bricks will it take to build a house 45 × 35 ft., 25 ft. high, and 3 bricks thick, allowing for 3 doors, each 8 x 3 ft., and 24 windows, each 7×4 ft. ? Ans. 58996 bricks.

5. How many bricks 7× 3 × 2 are required to build a square enclosure 60 ft. on each side, 6 ft. high and 2 bricks thick, allowance being made for a gate 12 ft. wide ? Ans. 19169 bricks.

257. CAPACITIES.

EXAMPLE 1.-A water tank built in a rectangular shape has for its three dimensions 5, 7 and 8 ft. How many gallons will it hold and what will be its weight?

NOTE.-A cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 lb. nearly.

SOLUTION.-The capacity of the tank in cu. ft. is 5 × 7×8=280 cu. ft. 280 × 1728 = 483840, the number of cu. in, in the tank. This divided by 231, the number of cu. in. in a gallon = 20944%, the number of gallons. 62.5 x 280 17500, weight in pounds.

EXAMPLE 2.—In a space 8 x 10 ft. I wish to build a rectangular tank capable of holding 100 bbl. How high must the tank be?

SOLUTION. Since there are 31 gallons in 1 bbl., in 100 bbl there are 3150 gal.; and since there are 231 cu. in. in 1 gal., in 3150 gal. there are 727650 cu. in., which is the capacity of the tank. Finally, since the bottom of the tank is 8 x 10 ft. 11520 sq. in., the depth must be as many inches as 11520 is contained times in 727650, or 63 times. Therefore, the depth must be 63 inches = 5 ft. 3 in., Ans.

=

[28

128

PROBLEMS.

1. How many bu. bituminous coal may be carried in a barge 130 ft. long, 25 ft. wide, and 7 ft. deep?

25×7×1

Ans. 130 x 25 x 7×1 (= 17}}) = 14625 bu. 2. How many bu. of bituminous coal can be stored in a shed 20 x 15 x 10 ft.? Ans. 19284 bu.

3. A teamster's wagon-bed is 12 ft. x 4 ft. x 15 in. How much coal does it hold when even full? Ans. 431 bu.

4. The same teamster raised the sides and ends of his wagon-bed, so that it would when even full, hold exactly 50 bu. coal. How much did he increase the depth? Ans. 2 in.

A Ton (2000 lb.)

Of loose hay on scaffold is estimated at 500 cu. ft.
Of packed hay in mow
Of well-settled stacked hay
Of Lehigh white ash coal
Of Schuylkill white ash coal
Of pink, gray and red ash coal

"

"400 66 "270

341

5. How many lb. of hay in a loose heap, 13 x 9x5 ft.?

Ans. 2340 lb.

6. How many tons of hay can be packed in a mow 20 x 20 x 6 ft. ? Ans. 6 tons.

7. How many tons of hay in a well settled stack 15 x 15 x 10 ft.? Ans. 8 tons. 8. My coal bin is 9x7x6 ft. How many tons of Lehigh white ash coal will fill it? Ans. 10 tons.

9. I made a box to hold 1 T. of Schuylkill white ash coal, and occupy only a space 2×3 ft. on the floor. How high is the box? Ans. 5 ft. 10 in.

10. A teamster whose wagon-bed was 7 ft. long, 4 ft wide, and 12 in. high, claimed that when the bed was even full, it contained just 1 T. of pink ash coal. How much did it lack of holding that quantity ? Ans. ton.

11. A farmer stored away 300 bu. of rye, 150 bu. wheat, 70 bu. barley, and 350 bu. shelled corn. What must have been the capacity of his bins? Ans. 1082 cu. ft.

12. How many bu. lime can I burn in a kiln 7 × 7× 14 ft.? Ans. 441 bu. 13. Having made a trench 15 ft. long, 4 ft. wide and 3 ft. deep, how much longer must I make it, so that it will hold 200 bu, of beets? Ans. 10 ft. longer. 14. How many cords of wood can be placed in a shed 25 ft. long, 24 ft. wide, and 16 ft. high? Ans. 75 cd. 15. How many bu. corn in the ear, in a "crib" 20 × 5 ft. on the bottom, 20 x 8 ft. on the top, and 9 ft. deep?

In some localities, 2 heaped bu. of corn "in the ear" are called 1 bu., which would make our Ans. 376 bu. In other localities, however, 2 even bu. of "ears"=1 bu., which would make 470 bu. Ans.

16. If a freight car is 30 ft. long and 8 ft. wide, how deep must bulk wheat be, in order that the car may contain 24000 lb., the greatest weight allowed for a single car?

Ans. 24.888 in.+.

17. How deep if the car is allowed to carry only 10 T. Ans. 20.74 in. +. 18. How deep if the grain is 12 T. rye, 56 lb. to the bu.? Ans. 26.66 in. +.

19. How many freight cars in a train that will carry 10000 bu. wheat, 60 lb. to the bu., each car carrying its maximum weight? Ans. 25 cars.

20. How many bu. shelled corn will a vessel carry, whose capacity is 130 tons?

Ans.

21. A farmer, "closing out" his hay, sold what he had in a mow 18 × 20 ft. and 20 ft. deep, at the rate of 12 × 20 ft. and 1 ft. deep for 1 ton. How many tons less than he received pay for did the farmer sell? Ans. 12 tons.

TIME.

258. To find Longitude from Time, and Time from Longitude.

The Meridian of any place is a north and south line passing through that place.

The Longitude of any place is its distance reckoned in degrees from some assumed meridian. Thus, if a place is 3° east of another it is said to have 3 degrees of longitude east from that other place. Pittsburgh is nearly 3° west of Washington and Washington is nearly 3° east of Pittsburgh. Longitude may be reckoned from any meridian, but it is customary to fix upon some one or more as standards.

The English reckon Longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, near London; the French from the meridian of Paris; the Russians from the meridian of St. Petersburgh, &c.

In the United States, longitude is reckoned either from the meridian of Washington, or from that of Greenwich.

The earth turns from west to east one revolution in 24 hr. This causes the Sun to appear to move from east to west around the earth in 24 hr. Hence, the Sun appears to pass the meridian of places on the earth in order from east to west at the rate of of 360°, that is, 15°, every hour; and every minute of time he appears to pass through of 15°, which is of 900', or 15'; and every second of time, he appears to pass through of 15', which is of 900", or

EXAMPLE 1.-On arriving at Washington from Pittsburgh I find my watch 12 min. slow. Supposing my watch to keep accurate time, how do I account for the apparent discrepancy?

SOLUTION.-Since all places east of Pittsburgh meet the Sun earlier than Pittsburgh at the rate of 1 hr. for every 15°, I conclude that Washington must be east of Pittsburgh, and since it meets the Sun 12 minutes earlier than Pittsburgh, it is 1 of 15°, or 3° east of Pittsburgh.

EXAMPLE 2.-In coming from London, Eng., to Washington, D. C., I find that my "Frodsham" watch is 5 hr. 8 min. and 12.39 sec. faster than Washington time.

does this fact indicate ?