Him; and my chief concern about the two that | for Liverpool) I embarked on the 20th of August, remain is, that they may reach Heaven in safety.' "A winter evening in an Icelandic family, presents a scene in the highest degree interesting and agreeable. Between three and four o'clock, the lamp is hung up in the principal apartment, and all the members of the family take their stations, with their work in their hands, on their respective seats, all of which face each other. The master and mistress, together with the children, or other relatives, occupy those at the inner end of the room; the rest are filled by the ser yants. "The work is no sooner begun, than one of the family, selected for the purpose, advances to a seat near the lamp, and commences the evening lecture, which generally consists of some historical composition of the Icelanders, or such other histories as are to be had on the Island. I was in one bound for Copenhagen. As we stood out "But what principally attached me to Iceland, was the exhibition of moral worth, and the strong features of superior intellectual abilities which had often attracted my notice during the period of my intercourse with its inhabitants. "My thoughts were also directed to the effects which were likely to result from my visit. I had circulated extensively among them that excellent book, which is able to make wise unto salvation, through faith in Jesus Christ; which contains an authenticated, complete and most satisfactory account of the purposes and will of the "Being poorly supplied with printed books, the Icelanders are under the necessity of copying such as they can get the loan of, which sufficiently accounts for the fact, that most of them write a hand equal in beauty to that of the ablest writing master in other parts of Europe. Some specimens of their Gothic writing is scarcely inferior to copperplate. The reader is frequently inter-Supreme Ruler of the Universe, and directs the rupted, either by the head, or some of the more intelligent parts of the family, who make remarks on various parts of the story, and propose questions, with a view to exercise the children and domestics. "In some houses these histories are repeated by such as have got them by heart. The evening labor frequently continues until midnight, when they read a chapter in some devotional book; (the Bible, if they have it, is preferred,) and conclude the evening with devotional exercise in some way or other. I guilty sons of Adam to the only possible way in which they can obtain true and lasting felicity. "And while I reflect on the responsibility which attaches to the situation of such as are favored with this account, and the guilt and condemnation of those who receive not the truth in the love of it, that they may be saved; my earnest prayers for the Icelanders was, that they might have grace communicated to them from above, to enable them suitably to improve the inestimable privilege which had been conferred -A. Mott. upon them." Notice of MARGARET GREGORY, of Sidcot, England, who died, 28th of 2d month, 1852, aged 21 years. Of a diffident and retiring disposition, this "One family, however, I met with in my tour, whose character was quite a contrast with any had hitherto observed in Iceland. About four months before I visited them, as I was afterwards informed, their conduct had become so intolerable, that it was found necessary to summon them before a court; where it appeared that the wicked-dear young friend was remarkable for unobtruness of the children had not only prompted them sive, circumspect conduct, which was evidently to compose satirical songs on the priest and people the effect of Christian principle. Many expresof the parish, but to assist others in composing similar ones on their own parents. They were sentenced to be beaten with rods at home by the constable, and to do public penance, as a warning to the congregation. Nor were the parents suffered to pass with impunity, but were fined. The bad conduct of the children was, in a great measure, ascribed to a neglect in education, and the influence of evil example in their parents." On leaving the Island, he makes the following interesting remarks: "Having taken leave of my friends, from whom I had experienced the kindest and most unwearied attention, (not being quite ready when the last vessel for the season sailed sions in her diary show, that she maintained a diligent watch and warfare against the foes of her own household, the evil propensities of her own heart, and that she especially desired to be preserved from speaking to the disadvantage of others. She was for some years engaged as a teacher in the school at Sidcot, where her example was instructive; and it appears from her frequent allusions to the subject, that in a sense of the responsibilities which attached to her office, and the lively interest she cherished in the spiritual welfare of the children, particularly those under her immediate instruction, she was often led to pray for fresh supplies of divine wisdom and strength for herself and for them. Her journal was doubtless written for her own private use, and with the intention of recurring to her past experience, for instruction and profit. Fifth month, 4th, 1848. She writes, "A most lovely spring morning, all is green and fresh, and the sun shining brightly; how many things there are around us, to fill us with gratitude to the gracious Creator, who has given us such a beautiful earth to live upon; but more especially should we praise Him for his gift of a Saviour; it is indeed an unspeakable gift.' Lord, teach me the value of it, and open my understanding to see all thy love and goodness." Third month, 1st, 1849. "O, my heavenly Father, I have indeed felt this evening in an unusual degree, the inestimable privilege of pouring out my heart unto thee; it is a soul-refreshing exercise. Surely, with thy blessing and favor, the estimation in which I am held by my fellow men matters not. May the lonely condition which I feel myself to be in here, though surrounded with company, teach me to seek thee as my friend. Enable me, I beseech thee, to keep very near to thee,-wean my heart from the world, and fix my affections on thee alone; for the sake of my gracious Saviour preserve me from sinning against thee, and let my whole life be devoted to thy service." 20th. "I am still feeling enveloped as in a mist, and sit as among the ashes, yet desire to abide patiently under it, watching for the time when God, in his mercy, shall permit the dayspring from on high to visit me, and enable me to see my Redeemer, as the clouds clear away." Ninth month, 19th. After alluding to the remaining depravity of her heart, she says, "It feels to me as if the eleventh hour were come, how fearful to be so unprepared for giving an account of my day's work,-hardly yet begun. Satan has indeed been suffered to lead me away captive, and his chains are so thrown around me, that I cannot break them, unless strength from above is graciously afforded me; and how can I expect that it will be afforded, if I am unwilling to ask for it, and do so with coldness and formality. I must be more watchful, more constant and earnest in prayer, more frequent in reading the scriptures with deep attention: must cultivate the spirit of love and charity, and seek to be clothed with a meek and quiet spirit, which is, in the sight of God, of great price." Tenth month, 23rd. "Much has passed through my mind since I last used this book. I have been made to feel my very great sins and many wanderings from the heavenly road, and have been much depressed under a sense of it; Eighth month, 28th, 1850. "I feel that I reflections upon my state have almost constantly have greatly sinned against thee, O heavenly occupied my mind, and I have been much exerFather! and thus destroyed my peace. Yet cised under conflicting feelings. I believe I am under the feeling thou givest me of repentance now truly desirous of walking in the right way; and sorrow, and in the remembrance that I have my sense of deep sinfulness and continual transin Jesus, an all sufficient Saviour whom thou gressions, has weighed me down, and made me hearest always, I venture to approach thy sacred well-nigh despair of ever changing my condition. footstool, and beg of thee that thou wilt have But this morning I think it has been given me mercy upon me, forgive my sins, and grant me to see, that I have been dwelling too much on strength to do thy holy will. Indeed I do de- my depravity and hard heartedness, and mournsire to glorify thee, and by my dedicated walk, ing my inability to alter, instead of thankfully, to invite those around me to come taste and see and joyfully, and confidingly rousing my thoughts how good, how very good thou art. O! make to the great sacrifice offered for sin, the Interme more grateful, more sensible of my innume-cessor before the throne of God, on whom all our able blessings, of which indeed thou showerest dependence should be placed, remembering that upon me an unmerited supply. Praises, and He is ever ready and able to save to the utterhonor, and glory be given unto thee forever, most, all that come unto Him; that His strength and may my whole heart glow with love to thee is made perfect in weakness, that if we are and my fellow-creatures.' truly penitent and sensible of our need, He will do all for us, yea, abundantly more than we can ask or think. In this Saviour, then, I may fully trust, provided I am willing to resign myself wholly to His guidance, and keep His commandments always: I cannot do this of myself, but He will enable me. To thee I come, Ö! Jesus; thou knowest the troubled state of my mind, thou hast seen the conflicts of my inmost soul; O! I fervently thank thee that amongst much rubbish, thou hast still preserved a longing after good; I now wish to become wholly thine, and the motive and spring of all my actions to be a desire to glorify thee." Fifth month 10th, 1851. "Very heavily bowed down I am this evening, under a painful sense of my own many transgressions, and of those around me. More and more do I mourn at the sight of my continual transgressions, which appear to gain strength, and cause many bitter tears. O! unspeakably earnest are my desires to be delivered from these my strong enemies; Help Lord, for vain is the help of man,' utterly vain. Thou art my only hope, my Rock of Refuge; leave me not to perish, I beseech thee, but show forth thy infinite power in me, and thy boundless love, and enable me to show forth the honor of thy name, and to proclaim to all around, how great things Jesus has done for me, great beyond my power to express." About two months after the date of the last memorandum, this beloved young friend had a serious attack of illness, which greatly reduced her strength, but she so far recovered as to go, ings; and after some time she came frequently home for rest and change of air, and returned to the school about the middle of the Second month, soon after which she was again unwell. But it was not until sixth day, the 27th, that immediate danger was apprehended. For some hours the conflict of body and mind was distressing, but it was endured with great patience: the laborious breathing and heavy sleep which succeeded did not admit of much conversation, but at intervals when the dear sufferer roused, she appeared peaceful, took an affectionate leave of her beloved parents and others, and said she "felt calm." About four o'clock the following afternoon, her breathing, which had gradually become shorter, ceased: and the consoling belief was felt, that, through redeeming love and mercy, her gentle spirit was purified, and prepared to return to God who gave it.-Annual Monitor. A Testimony of Nailsworth Monthly Meeting, concerning HENRIETTA WHATLEY, deceased. on week-days. Deriving much comfort and refreshment from silent worship, she gradually ceased to feel any satisfaction with the services of the Established Church; and she afterwards told an intimate friend that, when attending them, this passage was often forcibly brought to her remembrance,-"Use not vain repetitions." For awhile, she shrank from the consequences of communicating these feelings to any one; but during the seclusion attendant on a protracted illness, she was, after much exercise of mind, assuredly convinced that, if permitted to recover, it would be her religious duty openly to confess her attachment to the principles and practices of Friends; and to this resolution she was strengthened steadfastly to adhere, through very much of outward trial and discouragement. Some years after she had been received as a member of our Society, she spoke in testimony in our religious meetings, and was acknowledged as a minister in the year 1826. Her communications were often short, but being delivered, at times, under much religious feeling, had a solemnizing and comforting influence; and we sensibly feel her removal from among us. Our dear friend was of a bright and buoyant spirit: her mind seemed carried above the ordinary perplexities and vexations of life; and in this respect, as well as under the of pressure severer trials, she was a remarkable example of Christian resignation. During the latter years of her life, she was subject to sudden and alarmı Although the religious services of this dear friend were mostly confined within the compass of her own Quarterly Meeting, and she was comparatively but little known beyond its limits, we have thought it right to issue a testimony concerning her, believing the circumstances of her life and convincement worthy of being thus recorded. Our knowledge of her early life is chiefly derived from an account which she left, for the information of her grand-children; from which it appears that her first religious convic-ing attacks of illness. tions were received while at school in Switzerland, these impressions continuing after her return to her native land. Earnest were her desires and prayers that she might experience preservation amid the difficulties and temptations to which, from peculiar circumstances, she was in no common degree exposed; and she thankfully acknowledges that, through the power of Divine grace, she was enabled to persevere in the paths of piety and virtue. After many vicissitudes, she for several years filled the situation of governess in some families of rank; and she continued to be so engaged until, on her marriage, she came to reside at Cirencester. At such times, she often expressed to her family and friends her belief, that her removal hence would be a blessed exchange from a state of infirmity and trial, to one of endless peace and joy. On entering the 86th year of her age, she thus writes:-"I consider myself, and every sincere follower of a crucified Redeemer, as a monument of Divine mercy,' taught daily to mistrust themselves, and therefore to practice self-denial, feeling a humiliating conviction of natural sinful propensities, often adopting the words of Job, I abhor myself:' but yet, in the secret of the heart, a peace, which may be justly compared to a refreshing stream on parched ground, runs through the mind, bringing to remembrance the Saviour." And again, about three weeks before her decease, we find the following memorandum :-"This day, 23d of 8th mo., 1852, as it has been the will of my heavenly Father to prolong my natural life to see the beginning of my 87th year, a desire arises, thus to record a grateful remembrance of his many mercies during the past year. Among these, and first of these, I consider the daily inAssociating with members of our Society in creasing satisfaction of drawing nearer to my the promotion of benevolent objects, she formed heavenly inheritance. The Saviour becomes an intimate friendship with some of them, which dearer, and the gracious promises afford more led her occasionally to attend our religious meet-mental enjoyment than ever. To know that Possessing rare endowments of mind, and a cultivated understanding, she held a prominent place amongst a large circle of her friends and neighbors, by whom she was much esteemed and admired; at the same time, she was very solicitous faithfully to fulfil what she then believed to be her religious duties; and her whole conduct was consistent as a devout member of the Established Church. 'when this earthly tabernacle is dissolved, we have a building of God eternal in the heavens,' not only reconciles, and enables me cheerfully to bear the gradual decay and weakness of body, and of mental faculties, but also includes diminished anxiety, and even interest, in the things of time." When on a visit to her son at Little Hampton, in Sussex, an accident appeared to be the means of inducing her last attack of illness, under which she sank in a few days. We are informed that while her mind was unimpaired by disease, she spoke much of her "heavenly home," exclaiming "Come, Lord Jesus! come quickly!" She expired on the 13th day of 9th mo., 1852, aged 86 years; a minister about 30 years. THE POWER-LOOM. [Concluded from page 2?.] higher than by a child's wages; and it was not the least of the blessings conferred by the powerloom, that it turned to worthier and more productive labor so many thousands upon thousands of wasted hands. It is a mistake to imagine, either, that the misery of the change was any great or new addition to the ordinary misery of the calling. When evidence was taken on the subject, half a century ago, it was shown beyond question, that for more than a year before Cartwright's invention the earnings of the great mass of these wretched men, when working even eighteen hours a day, had sunk to nearly starvation point, so terrible had been the competition of numbers, principally Irish and their children, content with wages on which an English laborer could not live. The testimony also supplied by that evidence. to the inexpressible value of this discovery of the power-loom, is most remarkable. As we read con Let not the reader imagine that the hard strug-cerning it, we perceive that in the series of ingle, under which this captain of industry was thus ventions which has made immortal the names of for the moment beaten down, had been a fight Hargrave, Arkwright, Crompton and Cartwright, fought with ignorance alone. No doubt there it may really stand as the crowning contrivance; were many poor, mistaken men then living, who and our wonder is unceasing, that a mechanical believed that machinery would grind them yet power, so original and beautiful, should have been closer to the earth; but this class was only made accomplished by one who started simply from the use of at the time by another far above them, thought that it was to be accomplished, and, who dreaded machinery because of its very ten- with a knowledge of mechanical principles only dency to strengthen those whom, for their own slight at first, was led in so short a time to so expurposes, they thus turned, suicidally, against tensive a mastery over their application, by dint, themselves. These were men, neither needy nor mainly, of an honest and most single-minded zeal. uneducated, who regarded every fresh machine Judge of the want it supplied by the effect it has for diffusing the conveniences of life more widely, produced. A quarter of a century ago (and the as but another revolutionary instrument for the proportion of increase since then has been great levelling of distinctions which the due subordina- beyond belief) there were nearly fifty thousand tion of society required. It was not by the poor power-looms at work in England, weaving cotton that Hargrave was driven from place to place, till alone. Take Manchester, for example, the headthe workhouse at Nottingham received him; for quarters of the violence and clamor which first though mobs pelted him, and poor men broke his assailed the discovery, and observe, within the machines, they were but the tools of a more secret brief but most interesting space of the last six combination, which had all the wealth and in-years, that Cartwright himself lived to see its fluence of Lancashire to second it. Under the incredibly gigantic advances. In 1817, there same evil influence Arkwright must also have were something less than two thousand powerfallen, and closed, perhaps forever, might have looms at work in Manchester; in 1820 they had been those new and boundless fields of employ-mounted to upwards of five thousand; and in ment forced open by his genius, if he had not been a man picked out of ten thousand, for indomitable perseverance and invincible hardihood. Against Cartwright's crowning improvement this foul combination of course revived again, and what it had lost of its power of agitation by Arkwright's success, it easily recovered against the new inventor by practising on the sufferings of the hand-loom weavers, the power-loom having suddenly proclaimed a sentence of not distant extinction on those most helpless of all living workmen; for who should be called helpless among laborers, if not that ever-toiling, ever ill-paid race, whose superlatively easy labor reduces, necessarily, to the very lowest point, the strength and skill required to be displayed in it? A child's work can never, in any circumstances, be paid 1823, the year of Cartwright's death, they were little short of twenty thousand. As many as ten years ago, in the Island of Great Britain alone, more than a hundred thousand power-looms were in full employ! One wonders if any vision of such a result as this crossed the mind of the ruined projector, as he came journeying up to London, in 1796, composing the pleasing sonnet to which I have referred, and prepared, with a manly cheerfulness, to begin life anew in the not very leisurely interval between his fiftieth and sixtieth year. Begin life again as he might, however, he was in the grasp of a master passion which he could never again put aside. From the pursuit of scientific discovery, whatever hazard or danger it involved, he could not again draw back. The mere brought himself no other reward than barren reputation, accompanied by ruined fortunes. hope of gain had not inspired him to it, nor was | country, but the labor of whose many anxious he daunted by the presence of discouragement years, fruitful in benefit to the public, had and loss. "It was now too late," says his daughter, "to return to that peaceful mode of life, and those literary pursuits, in which he had passed the best and happiest of his years." He rented a small house in Marylebone Fields, and lived the life of an inventor. Morning, noon, and night he was inventing. His little house became a very college of the sciences and arts. He improved his wool-combing machine in spite of the threats and abuse of the more than fifty thousand wool-combers whom it had arrayed against him. He made bread in his own kitchen by machinery. He had a plan for rendering houses fire-proof, and he invented geometrical bricks. He struck out useful projects which others carried from him and applied. There was a machine for biscuitmaking which was his, and which a baker at Doncaster made a fortune by. None of his inventions did his open and guileless nature think of keeping secret; not a few of them, indeed, when once thrown off his thoughts by other fancies working there, he would afterwards even fail to recognize for his own. Patiently waiting the result of his petition so far as it might affect his future, he yet could not bring himself to suspend his master-passion for experiment; but, as though driven for a time from the manufacturing field, he now indulged it in that of agriculture. In 1801, he got a prize from the Agricultural Board, for a practical essay, and soon after received from the Duke of Bedford an appointment to superintend an experimental farm at Woburn. In 1803, a new threefurrow plough got him the silver medal of the Society of Arts. Next year the Agricultural Board made him an honorary member; and in the two following years gave him their gold medal for experiments in manure, and their silver medal for an essay on the culture of potatoes. Walpole said of Chatham's popularity, that it rained gold boxes; and we might as certainly say of Cartwright's inventive faculty, that at least it rained gold and silver medals. The engagement at Woburn, too, proved, happily, something more substantial. He found friends as well as patrons in that princely home. He became the duke's domestic chaplain, as well as superintendant of the experimental farm; and from the early intelligence of the duke's third Daily, at Marylebone Fields, the famous Robert Fulton was now to be seen, and Cartwright's daughter long remembered the vivacity of spirit with which he would sit by her father's side, drawing perpetual plans of paddle-wheels, while Cartwright himself contrived modes as number-son there flashed out at once upon the brave old less of bringing steam to act upon them; these latter finally taking shape in "the model of a boat, which, being wound up like a clock, moved on the water in a highly satisfactory manner." Poor Fulton died early, though not till he had launched the first steamboat on the American waters; but before Cartwright died, steamers were regularly navigating every part of our English Channel, "and I must own," said the good old man, after watching the first Ramsgate boat, "I felt no little gratification in reflecting on the share I had in contributing to the exhibition." man a quick and true feeling for all that was noble or true, to which his own nature warmly responded. Their friendship began in play, and ended in admiration as marked and full of sympathy as could possibly consist with such difference of years. "When I went to Woburn," the old man afterwards wrote, describing the steamboat model he had constructed for Fulton, "I gave it to Lord John Russell, then about ten or eleven years old, as a plaything. It went by clockwork; and Lord John used frequently to amuse himself with setting it afloat on the stewponds in the garden." In the next year we find him publishing a volume of verses, of which Lord John receives the dedication; and, up to the year of his death, it is touching to see the eager and trembling fervor with which he follows each successive step in the young statesman's public life. Meanwhile his worldly troubles had become greatly more imminent and pressing; for, while his power-loom and wool-combing inventions had been silently forcing their way, his property in them had also been invaded, and continual thefts of his patents rendered it almost impossible to continue the working of his mills for the benefit of his creditors. After some anxious years, how- From that happy interval at Woburn, indeed, ever, his indisputable and sole right to his own may be traced such brighter fortune as gilded the discoveries was affirmed, with much compliment- old man's declining years. Parliament soon ary tribute to his inventive genius, in a celebrated granted him the further protection to his patent judgment by Lord Eldon; and, fortified by this which his memorial prayed for, and this protecauthority, he yielded to the importunity of his tion brought other more substantial justice with friends, and memorialized Parliament for such it. Forced, at last, to acknowledge and respect extension of the right, of which the exclusive his rights, the manufacturers now began to disexercise was thus at last assured to him, as cover the mistake they formerly made, and fifty might help to remunerate his hitherto unrewarded of the greatest Manchester houses took the lead labors. He described himself in this memorial in memorializing Parliament for "compensation as the author of various mechanical inventions of to Dr. Cartwright." A committee was appointed, great admitted utility to the manufactures of this much evidence was heard, and the application |