and by the divine and natural claims of religion | learned that our friends upon their arrival at Peand of liberty. We remonstrate on the ground that the parties whose rights and interests are, and are to be, affected, cannot be restored to the position of equality occupied by them respectively, before the enactments solemnly established in 1820. The security for freedom then given to the one party, cannot be taken away without the grossest violation of justice, good faith and law. in case it could be done without a sacrifice of tersburg, obtained an interview with Count Nesselrode, through whose agency, they, after the delay of two or three days, were introduced to the Emperor. Their message was received in a courteous and friendly manner, the Emperor expressing a strong desire to prevent the ravages of war, honor. Whether this effort for the preservation We remonstrate, because the deliberate and of peace will be productive of any immediate reunnecessary extension of Slavery would be posi-sults, remains to be seen, but we can hardly suptive guilt, and, as committed by Congress, the pose that these or any other well-directed endeaguilt of the whole country, and not of any parti-vors to stay the rage of war, and to extend and cular State alone; and we feel bound to protest, establish the dominion of peace, will be eventu in the name of religion and humanity, against ally lost. And here it may be remembered, as a such legislation. subject of serious regret, that while the professors of christianity unanimously agree, that the time must come, when, according to the prophetic declarations of Isaiah and Micah, they shall beat their The responsibility of determining the prevailing institutions of future generations of many millions of immortal beings is inconceivably great and solemn. We remonstrate against pre-swords into plough-shares, and their spears into paring the way, or providing the means, of establishing Slavery as a part of the radical and organic life of a vast future empire in our land. We remonstrate against such a procedure, as tending to produce alienation of feeling between different sections of our beloved country, great agitation and perilous dissension, and exposing us to the righteous judgments of Almighty God. This memorial bears the signatures of one hundred and fifty-one clergymen of various denominations. FRIENDS' REVIEW. PHILADELPHIA, THIRD MONTH 18, 1854. The strictures on water baptism, &c., a portion of which appears in the present number, were copied more than forty years ago, by a well known and valuable Friend of Burlington, long since numbered with those who have been, in whose family the manuscript has been preserved to the present time. For some reason, which cannot now be explained, the name of the writer whose letter gave occasion to these strictures, is left blank, as are also the time and place where the circumstance alluded to occurred. It is, however, readily inferred, that George Dillwyn was then engaged in religious service on the continent of Europe; but whether in Germany or in France, is uncertain. The channel through which this MS. has come into the Editor's hands, leaves no room to question its authenticity. pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more; and while probably none of them expect any other dispensation than that already offered to our acceptance, so few comparatively of these professors, or even of those who are the ostensible teachers of the people, raise their voices, in a clear and unequivocal manner, in support of the practical principles on which alone a permanent and inviolable peace,—a consummation which we all agree is devoutly to be wished-can be maintained. If the professed ministers of the gospel could cordially unite in proclaiming and inculcating the principles of inviolable peace, and in raising their voices against all those measures of their own or other governments, which are promotive of war, there can be no reasonable doubt that much would be effected towards dissipating the illusion which often stimulates rulers to acts which their sober of honor reaped from the field of blood, must vanjudgments cannot fail to condemn. The illusion ish when public opinion shall be adjusted by the standard of the gospel. "The abolition of war will not be the effect of any sudden or resistless visitation from heaven on the character of men-not of any mystical influence working with all the omnipotence of a charm, on the passive hearts of those who are the subjects of it—not of any blind or overruling fatality which will come upon the earth at some distant period of its history, and about which we of the present day have nothing to do but to look silently on without concern and without co-operation. It will be brought about by the activity of men. It will be done by the philanthropy In the 24th number of the current volume, no- of thinking Christians. The subject will be brought tice is given of a deputation from the Meeting to the test of Christian principle; the public will be for Sufferings in London, to the Emperor of Rus-enlightened by the mild dissemination of gospel sentiments through the land."-Macnamara's Prize Essia. From private sources we have recently say; marked as a quotation. The proceedings of the federal government in relation to the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, occupying so large a space, as they do, of the public attention, the Editor considers it as due to his readers that they should find in the pages of the Review, a considerable portion of the unanswerable arguments by which the proposed repeal of the Missouri compromise has been assailed. With this view, the speech of Charles Sumner, delivered in the Senate on the 17th inst., has been selected. This speech is accordingly abridged for the purpose, and the first portion appears in our columns this week. It is to be hoped that we shall not often hereafter find occasion to fill so much of our paper with strictures on this revolting subject. But the question is forced upon our attention by the advocates of slavery extension. The measure in contemplation appears nothing less than an effort to break down the barrier which was universally understood as a limit to the bitter waters of slavery. CURRENT FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE MEDITER- It has been long known and regarded as a curious phenomena, that a current is constantly flowing, at the Strait of Gibralter, from the At It is with particular satisfaction that a place is given, in our columns, to the remonstrance of the clergymen of New York and its vicinity, against the repeal of the Missouri compromise. It is pre-scribed as about five miles in width, and the lantic into the Mediterranean. This strait is desumeable that the voices of such men will not be current in the middle, where it is the most rapid, is said to be two miles an hour; the current is reported to be perceptible at the distance of thirty miles from the Straits. raised in vain. DIED,-At her residence in Wayne County, Ind. of consumption, 2d month 19th, ELIZABETH BEESON, wife of Thomas E. Beeson, aged 70 years. An esteemed member of Springfield Monthly Meeting. A current also flows into the Mediterranean sea from the Euxine; but as that sea receives several rivers, as the Don, the Dnieper, the Danube, the current at Constantinople, presents no Of consumption, 2d mo. 23d, at the resi- great difficulty. But the stream constantly flowdence of her father, Henry County, Ia., ELIZABETH ing from the Atlantic through the Strait of Gib. CHAMNESS, daughter of Joseph Chamness, a mem-ralter, has long been an object of inquiry among ber of Springfield Monthly Meeting, aged years. On the 27th of last month, of a short illness, at her residence in Randolph County, Ind. MATILDA, wife of ELI REECE, aged nearly 52 years, a member of Cherry Grove Monthly Meeting. WANTED. The committee having charge of Friends' Establishment among the Shawnee Indians, are desirous of employing two young men to labor on the farm, (practical farmers are desirable.) They also want to engage a teacher in the School, and a female to assist in the family; a middle aged man and his wife for teacher and assistant in the family would be preferable. Application to be made to Simon Hadley, or John Hadley, Jr., Sligo, Clinton County, Ohio, who will give any information necessary. Friends of good character, and of religious experience are desirable. philosophers. the following manner: He took a pan of water Dr. Halley attempted to solve the difficulty in salted to the medium of the ocean, in which he placed a thermometer, and by means of a pan of coals, brought the water to the temperature of the air in one of the warmest days of an English summer. He then attached his vessel of water to one arm of a balance, and by a weight on the other he ascertained the quantity of water carried off in vapor, in two hours. Hence he inferred that 1-10th of an inch in depth was evaporated in twelve hours; which makes about 6,914 tons from a surface of one square mile. Supposing then, the evaporation to continue during twelve hours of the twenty-four, the other twelve being balanced by the descending dew, and computing the surface of the Mediterranean at 761,760 square miles, the evaporation in a summer's day from the whole surface, would be 5266 millions The Semi-Annual Examination will commence of tons. He next estimated the quantity of water on Second day 4th mo. 10th, and close on the fol- which flows down the Thames, above the tide, by lowing Fourth day. Copies of the order of Exam-taking the breadth and depth of the channel and HAVERFORD SCHOOL. assigning to the current a velocity of two miles an hour. He hence inferred that 20,300,000 tons per day, were discharged by that river. Supposing lastly that each of the nine large rivers, whose waters are poured into the Mediterranean, supplies ten times as much as the Thames, the result would be that 1827 millions of tons, or a little more than one-third of the quantity evaporated, were daily supplied by these rivers. In regard to calculations of this kind, Goldsmith remarks: "This solution would, no doubt, be satisfactory did not the ocean and the Euxine evaporate as well as the Mediterranean; and as these are subject to the same drain, it must follow that all the seas will in this respect be upon a par, therefore there must be some other cause for this unperceived drain and continued supply." But here the shrewd Dr. seems to have overlooked an important circumstance. The Mediterranean is in a much warmer latitude than the mean of the ocean, and of course the evaporation from the former must greatly exceed that which arises from an equal surface of the latter. The uncertainty of the conclusion, drawn from such experiments and calculations as those of Dr. Halley, arises chiefly from the impossibility of determining what quantity of water the rivers discharge into the Mediterranean. An essential element, upon which nothing is certainly known, is introduced into the calculation. The conclusion, of course, however apparently sustained by calculation, is actually in great measure conjectural. A very formidable objection to the theory which attempts to account for the constant current at the Strait of Gibralter, by evaporation alone, was first suggested, as far as I know, by Wais, of the Royal Society of Stockholm, in an essay published in the Annual Register for 1760. The water flowing from the Atlantic is salt, but the vapor carried off, is fresh; consequently upon this theory, the water of the Mediterranean must be growing more saline. The author last quoted estimated, that upon the theory in question, the Mediterranean would in 500 years be converted into a bed of salt. This estimate, however, has too much uncertainty in its elements, to be entitled to entire reliance. Still, we cannot resist the conclusion, that with salt water constantly flowing in, and fresh water, in the state of vapor, passing off, the water of the Mediterranean would be growing more saline. Let us then, following the reasoning of Wais, but not copying his words or confining ourselves to his illustrations, suppose the waters of the Mediterranean something more saline than those of the Atlantic, and enquire whether upon hydrostatic principles, the phenomenon in question may not be explained. In regard to the supposition of greater saltness, it may be observed that the experiments and calculations of Dr. Halley render it probable that *Hist. of Earth, &c. Vol. 1, p. 188. more water is carried off in vapor, than is poured by the rivers, into the Mediterranean; this of course would render the water of the latter more saline, and therefore specifically heavier, than that of the former. To illustrate the action of the water in these immense basins, connected by a narrow Strait, we may have recourse to an easy experiment. Take a glass tube bent near the middle so as to form two parallel branches, like the letter U, open at both ends; and pour quicksilver into one end, and water into the other, in such quantities that they may meet and balance each other in the horizontal part of the tube; it will then be seen that the column of water stands nearly fourteen times as high as that of mercury. If we fill one branch with oil of olives, and the other with water, the height of the former will be about one-tenth greater than that of the water. If we vary the experiment by substi tuting a box, divided into two compartments by a vertical partition, having a hole near the bottom and another near the top; the latter being closed by a cork, and then pour water into one compartment, and oil of olives into the other; it will be seen that the face of the oil stands higher than the surface of the water. For the heights of the balancing column will be recipro cally as the specific gravities of the respective liquids, or as 1000 to 915. If then the cork be removed so as to form a connection between the liquids near the surface, the oil being the higher surface, will flow in and spread over the face of the water. This will of course diminish the altitude and consequently the weight of the column of oil; hence the pressures on the opposite sides of the aperture near the bottom will be rendered unequal, the action of the water predominating. Hence the water will flow in at the bottom while the oil flows in the opposite direction at the top, and these currents will continue till the respective fluids acquire the same level in the two compartments. Another illustration is furnished by the common experiment of placing a lighted candle in the door way between a warm and cold room; setting it successively on the floor, and near the top of the door; when the bending of the flame will render it evident that a current sets in, near the floor, from the cold room into the warm, and another, near the top, flows in the opposite direction. Now considering the great basins of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean to be filled with water having a greater specific gravity in the latter than in the former, as must be the case if the latter is more saline than the other, and imagi ning these divided by a partition placed across the Strait of Gibralter, it is manifest that the surface of the Atlantic, being the less saline and therefore the lighter, will rise to a greater heigh: than the surface of the Mediterranean, like the oil in the tube, or in one compartment of the box. The consequence must be that the water in the sight. And let not such an experience as this appear strange unto the reader, seeing 'no man can keep alive (unto God) his own soul.' 1828. 4th mo. "As the bullock unaccustomed Atlantic being the higher, will flow near the sur-I face over the lower surface in the adjoining basin, while the water in the latter, being specifically heavier, will flow, at and near the bottom, in the opposite direction; and this circulation to the yoke is generally impatient at its being must continue, like the motion of the oil and wa- laid upon him, so man, under the early visitations ter in the box, or that of condensed and rarified of affliction, or the first restraints of the cross, air in the adjoining rooms, until a complete equi- is uneasy at their weight, and reluctant to bear librium is effected. But if the water carried off them. Resistance, however, proving vain, and by evaporation, exceeds the quantity supplied by only increasing the suffering, submission is at the rivers, and the rains, this process is continu- length resorted to as affording the only prosally destroying the equilibrium; hence the cir-pect of relief; and well it is for us when we are culation which tends to restore the equilibrium thus wise, as death or destruction might be exis rendered perpetual. E. L. MEMOIR OF JONATHAN HUTCHINSON. (Continued from page 251.) pected to follow an unavailing and continued opposition. Who may stand in thy sight when once thou art angry? And when this submission, another name for resignation, is accompanied by prayer, then our trouble, whatever be its nature, becomes transformed into the light and easy yoke of Christ Jesus our Lord. Through his assistance vouchsafed to our humble petitions, we learn to bear the burden of it cheerfully; we go forth to the portion of labor assigned us with willingness, or bend under our secret sorrows, if these be our lot, without repining. Blessed and happy experience! 1833. 11th mo. "A poor, irresolute and fallen creature is desirous of obtaining a crown im "Of all the weights and burdens which the Christian traveller has to bear in his pilgrimage through this world, perhaps on a due estimate, none will be found to be heavier than himself; nor any thing which in the retrospect oppresses him with greater sorrow and a deeper humiliation than the sense of his own unworthiness, a word of no lofty sound, yet when contemplated in its causes, its effects and its associations, of a very comprehensive and significant import. "I am aware that both in speaking and wri- mortal, by fighting the good fight of faith' ting, I may often seem to take a low view of huagainst those potent enemies, the world, the flesh man nature, and of religious society. But when and the devil; the world, in all its seductive and I consider the description of the heart of man, terrific vicissitudes, the flesh in its corruptions, as given by Him who best knew it; when I con- and the devil, in the plenitude of his malevotemplate the beatitudes and the woes of the gos-lence and power. O! merciful and omnipotent pel as pronounced by the same high authority; Lord God, be pleased to assist a trembling sinor when I turn from these and fix my attention on the states to which the precious promises and awful threatenings of the Old Testament scriptures were addressed, (without adverting to my own experiences) I find myself justified in the conclusion, that humility was made for man, but pride was not; and that in all stations and cir. cumstances into which he can possibly be brought, it especially becomes his precarious and dependent condition. On a view of the weakness and corruption of human nature, abstractedly considered, my poor mind has at seasons been brought to the borders of despair, so that I have even been almost discouraged from lifting up either my eyes or my hands towards heaven, by the fear of hypocrisy, and under the solemn consideration, that the very thoughts of the wicked are an abomination to the Lord. Yet when by this humbling process I have become so far reduced as to prostrate my self at the footstool of Divine mercy, as a helpless, hopeless sinner, my plea though oftentimes a silent one, has not been rejected by the sin'He will regard the prayer of the destitute and not despise their prayer.' He has had compassion on me, and blessed be his holy name for ever, has raised the beggar from the dunghill, and permitted me again to live in his ner's friend. ner in this unequal warfare, or the victory never Jesus, we may be made more than conquerors. can be obtained; but through thy aid in Christ With thee all things are possible, and thy strength is made perfect in human weakness. As without thee nothing that is truly good can prosthat is evil shall ever be able to prevail. per, so against thy holy will and power, nothing "O most gracious God! be pleased for thy great name's sake, thy dear Son's sake, and my immortal soul's sake, to forgive the manifold infirmities of a vain and roving imagination. Pardon, I humbly and reverently pray thee, the mighty sins of my youth by actual transgression; and if it be not too much to implore even of thy infinite mercy, love me freely. When I groan the unspeakable groan incline thine ear to hear; when I shed,-alas how seldom !-the tear of I contrition, put it into thy bottle; and if ever at thy command and by the assistance of thy grace, have performed the least work of faith and obedience, let it be recorded in thy book of remembrance, that through the intercession of thy appointed Mediator, I may finally be emboldened to render up my account with humble confidence and trembling joy." (To be continued.) Extracts from the speech of Charles Sumner, on the Nebraska bill, delivered 2d mo. 21, in the U. S. Senate. The question presented for your consideration is not surpassed in grandeur by any which has occurred in our national history since the Declaration of Independence. In every aspect it assumes gigantic proportions, whether we simply I consider the extent of territory it concerns, or the public faith, or national policy which it af fects, or that higher question-that Question of Questions-as far above others as Liberty is above the common things of life-which it opens anew for judgment. It concerns an immense region, larger than the original thirteen States, vieing in extent with all the existing Free States, stretching over prairie, field and forest-interlaced by silver streams, skirted by protecting mountains, and constituting the heart of the North American continent-only a little smaller, let me add, than three great European countries combined-Italy, Spain and France. It is with regard to this territory, that you are now called to exercise the highest function of the lawgiver, by establishing those rules of polity which will determine future character. Such a measure, at any time, would deserve the most careful attention. But, at the present moment, it justly excites a peculiar interest, from the effort made on pretenses unsustained by facts-in violation of solemn covenants, and of the early principles of our fathers-to open this immense region to Slavery. According to existing law this territory is now guarded against Slavery by a positive prohibition, embodied in the Act of Congress approved March 6, 1820, preparatory to the admission of Mis souri into the Union. It is now proposed to throw aside this prohibition; but there seems to be a singular indecision as to the way in which the deed shall be done. From the time of its first introduction, in the report of the Committees on Territories, the proposition has assumed different shapes; and it promises to assume as many as Proteus; now, one thing in form, and now another; but, in every form and shape identical in substance; but with one end and aim-the overthrow of the Prohibition of Slavery. parties. But since this broken series of measures has been adduced as an apology for the proposition now before us, I desire to say, that such as they are, they cannot, by any effort of interpretation, by any distorting wand of power, by any perverse alchemy, be transmuted into a repeal of that original prohibition of Slavery. On this head there are several points to which would merely call attention, and then pass on. First: The Slavery enactments of 1850 did not pretend, in terms, to touch, much less to change, the condition of the Louisiana Territory, which was already fixed by Congressional enactment, but simply acted upon newly acquired Territories," the condition of which was not already fixed by Congressional enactment. The new transactions related to different subject matters. Secondly: The enactments do not directly touch the subject of Slavery, during the territorial existence of Utah and New Mexico; but they provide respectively that when admitted as States, they shall be received "with or without Slavery." Here certainly can be no overthrow of an act of Congress which directly concerns a Territory during its Territorial existence. Thirdly: During all the discussion of these measures in Congress, and afterwards before the peo ple and through the public press, at the North and the South alike, no person was heard to intimate that the prohibition of Slavery in the Missouri act was in any way disturbed. And Fourthly: The acts themselves contain a formal provision that "nothing herein contained shall be construed to impair or qualify anything" in a certain arti cle of the resolutions annexing Texas, wherein it is expressly declared that in Territory north of the Missouri Compromise line, "Slavery or involuntary servitude, except for crime, shall be prohibited." But I do not dwell on these things. These pretenses have been already amply refuted by Senators who have preceded me. It is clear, be yond all contradiction, that the prohibition of Slavery in this Territory has not been superseded or in any way annulled by the Slavery acts of 1850. The proposition before you is, therefore, original in its character, without sanction from any former legislation; and it must, accordingly, be judged by its merits, as an original proposition. On two distinct grounds, "both strong against All this is done on pretenses founded upon the the deed," I arraign this proposition: First, Slavery enactments of 1850. Now, I am not in the name of public faith, as an infraction of here to speak in behalf of those measures, or to the solemn obligations assumed beyond recall by lean in any way upon their support. Relating the South on the admission of Missouri into the to different subject-matters, contained in differ- Union as a Slave State; Secondly, I arraign it ent acts, which prevailed successively, at differ- in the name of Freedom, as an unjustifiable deent times, and by different votes-some persons parture from the original anti-slavery policy of voting for one measure, and some voting for our fathers. These two heads I propose to conanother, and very few for all, they cannot be re-sider in their order, glancing under the latter at garded as a unit, embodying conditions of com- the objections to the prohibition of Slavery in the pact, or compromise, if you please, adopted equal- Territories. ly by all parties, and, therefore, obligatory on all Here let it be remembered that the friends of |
