NEW LITHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF WEST, the stage, will be 25 cents. When special conveyTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL. Copies may be obtained at the Book Store of Peter Thompson, N. W. corner of Sixth and Arch streets. Price 25 cents. 4th mo. 15.-2t HAVERFORD SCHOOL. THE SUMMER TERM will commence on Fourth day the 10th of Fifth month next. Applications for admission may be addressed to Jonathan Richards, Superintendent, at the School, or to CHARLES YARNALL, Secretary of the Board of Managers, 3d mo. 25-tf. 39 Market. St. Philadelphia WANTED. ances at other times are provided at the school, an extra charge will be made. West-town, Third mo., 1854. What does thE PEACE SOCIETY SAY NOW? Such is the question that is frequently asked in these days, in every variety of tone, from that of grave anxiety, to triumphant scorn. To that question a distinct and unhesitating reply shall be given, which, it is hoped, the questioners of every class will have the fairness to read and to ponder with attention and candor. The Peace Society then, says, now, with undiminished em The committee having charge of Friends' Establishment among the Shawnee Indians, are de-phasis, what it has ever said, That war, however sirous of employing two young men to labor on the farm, (practical farmers are desirable.) They also want to engage a teacher in the School, and a female to assist in the family; a middle aged man and his wife for teacher and assistant in the family would be preferable. Application to be made to Simon Hadley, or John Hadley, Jr., Sligo, Clinton County, Ohio, who will give any formation necessary. Friends of good character, and of religious experience are desirable. WEST TOWN BOARDING SCHOOL. in disguised and varnished, is an unchristian, barbarian, and brutal practice; that an appeal to physical force to decide questions of disputed right, is no less irrational in principle, or unsatisfactory in result when employed by two nations, than when employed by two individuals; and that men can no more expect to reap justice, truth, or liberty from the ferocious conflicts of the battle-field, than they can hope "to gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles." The Peace Society says, moreover, that if EuThe Summer session of the school will commence rope is now on the eve of a terrible and protracted on Second day, the 1st of Fifth month next. The struggle which may roll back the cause of civilipupils will be conveyed by railroad to West Ches-zation for half a century, it is only the natural ter, where conveyances will be waiting to take and necessary result of the system against which them and their baggage to the school, on the arrival it has constantly protested, but which the governof the morning and afternoon cars, on Second day, the 1st, and Third day, the 2d of Fifth month. The ments and nations of Europe have carefully foscars leave the depot, south side of Market street tered during thirty-eight years of peace; a system above Eighteenth street, (formerly Schuylkill Fifth which treats as an absurdity too gross to be sestreet,) at 7 o'clock, A. M., and 4 o'clock P. M. riously entertained, every effort and expectation The agent of the school will be at the railroad depot of bringing civilized and Christian communities on Second and Third day afternoons, and will furnish to live side by side in any other relation than that pupils with tickets, and accompany them to West Chester. Those who go by the morning train will of armed and mutual defiance; or to respect each be furnished with tickets by a person in attendance. other's rights from any better principle or motive To those who procure tickets as directed, the fare than the fear of each other's strength and ferofrom Philadelphia to the school, including baggage, city; and which consequently employs the interwill be one dollar, which will be charged to the vals and resources of peace, not in trying to conscholar at the school. All baggage should be dis- solidate the nations into unity and confidence by tinctly marked West-town, and with the name of establishing between them some approach to a the owner, and should be sent directly to the railroad depot. Applications for admission must be system of international jurisdiction, but in urgmade to Joseph Snowdon, Superintendent at the ing forward with redoubled activity enormous school, or Joseph Scattergood, Treasurer, 84 Arch preparations for fighting, as though a state of war Street, Philadelphia. must ever continue the natural and normal condition of humanity. The West-town office is at Friends' bookstore, No. 84 Arch street, where all small packages for the pupils left before 12 o'clock on the Seventh days, seeds of mutual distrust, irritation, and jealousy If those who have thus carefully sown the will be forwarded. All letters for pupils and others at the school, should be sent by mail, directed to among the nations, are now about to reap the apWest-town Boarding School, West Chester P. O. propriate harvest of a bloody and barbarous strife, Chester Co., Pa. Postage should be pre-paid, and the Peace Society is, assuredly, not the fitting packages should be distinctly marked and put up object to be blamed or sneered at. For more in a secure manner, so that their contents will not be than thirty years it has never ceased, by all such liable to be lost by handling. The stage will leave humble agency as it could command, to urge West Chester during the Summer session, for the with the utmost earnestness upon both school, on Second, Fourth and Seventh days, on the arrival of the afternoon cars from the city, and from ments and people, the wisdom and duty of antithe school to West Chester on the same days, to cipating and providing for emergencies like that meet the afternoon cars to Philadelphia. The fare which is now impending, with such portentous for each passenger to and from West Chester by doom, over the face of Europe. Year by year govern tions of Christendom, instead of intriguing about royal marriages, and the maintenance of a preponderating influence against each other in the petty courts of Europe, and perpetually exaspe rating international jealousies by a pernicious rivalry in the increase of their armaments, had employed, with earnestness and good faith, some portion of their time and talents during the long peace we have enjoyed, in providing against the terrible hazards of an European war, by bringing their respective governments to agree to some common form of judicial reference for disputes that might arise between them, is it not probable that the difficulties of the Eastern question might have been quietly and peaceably adjusted? has it renewed its remonstrance, and said, "Why not employ this lucid interval of peace, when men's minds are not delirious with passion, when national animosities are partly lulled, to promote some system of stipulated Arbitration, by which differences between states may, like those between individuals, be brought within the cognizance of certain rules of justice and right, instead of being left to the blind hazard of what has been most truly called International Lynch Law? The circumstances and the temper of the times are eminently favorable to such an enterprise. The discoveries of science are rapidly annihilating the material obstacles which separated the nations from each other; the interests of commerce are binding them every day in closer relations of dependence the growth of intelligence and pro-ciety say to the issue of the practical experiment gress of civilization, are doing something, we may hope, to humanize their hearts; increased intercourse is correcting many hereditary and irrational prejudices of the past, and teaching a juster and more generous appreciation of each other's character and motives. Is it right then, is it rational, that when the people are thus approximating each other, and, under the action of great Providential laws, 'like kindred drops, are mingling into one,' that their governments should be perpetuating and aggravating, year by year, the old inheritance of barbarism, which recognizes as the only safe basis for international relations, a reciprocal dread of each other's armed forces; and the only settled and regular means of adjusting international differences, an appeal to the wager of battle? Let the attempt at least be made, to see if, in regulating the intercourse of nations, the authority of law, in some form, may not be gradually substituted for the supremacy of brute force.' But we are asked, "What does the Peace Somade of its boasted scheme of arbitration in the present quarrel? Has it not been, in fact, tried to the utmost? Has not diplomacy exhausted its resources in negotiation, as well as wearied out the patience of many ardent patriots, who think that there would be much more national honor in slaughtering Russians than in writing protocols?" In reply to this question, the Peace Society says, That while feeling most deeply grateful to the Government for the earnest and persevering efforts they have made, in the face of no little popular clamor and obloquy, to insure a pacific adjustment for the Eastern complications, the method they have adopted does not in the smallest degree resemble the plan of arbitration which the Peace Society has so often, and so earnestly, pressed on the adoption of the governments. In two most essential respects do the two methods differ. In the first place, the Peace Society's plan, by requiring the nations, while yet at peace, to enter into positive engagements by treaty to submit their disputes to arbitration, provides a means for the solution of in Such is the language which the Peace Society has held; such the proposal it has ventured to suggest. In support of this suggestion it has in-ternational difficulties before these difficulties voked the aid of religion, of philosophy, of litera- have been aggravated into almost hopeless exasture, of statesmanship, of commerce, to assist in peration by angry recriminations, by the clamorforming a public opinion throughout Europe, ous outcries of popular passion, and by those overt which may encourage, or even constrain, the go- acts of a hostile or menacing nature from which, vernments to recognize and embody the principle it is alleged, the contending parties cannot reit recommends, in conducting the affairs of na- treat without loss of honor and dignity. On this tions. Those to whom the appeal was thus made, point the Society insisted, in the very last mecould not justly pretend to despise this sugges-morial they presented to our own Government, in tion, as the dream of a few obscure and weakminded men, seeing that it has employed the thoughts, and secured the sanction, of many of the ablest and profoundest minds that have ever been engaged in the discussion of political affairs. The names of Sully, Grotius, Liebnitz, Rousseau, Kant, Fichte, Bentham, Mill, Franklin, Jefferson, Channing, and others hardly less illustrious, who stand sponsors for the necessity and practicability of forming some system of stipulated arbitration as a substitute for war among civilized nations, might surely have sufficed to secure for the proposal a calm and respectful attention. If the statesmen and diplomatists of the leading na the following language:-"We respectfully submit that there is a great and manifest advantage in binding the parties beforehand by positive treaty, to adopt such a reference; because the very knowledge that an obligation of this nature exists, and the delay that would necessarily be involved in submitting the matter to the judg ment of arbitrators, would serve to allay those temporary excitements which have so often led to rash counsels and injurious deeds, precipitating nations into war prematurely, on the plea that the national honor had been too far compromised to admit of a friendly and pacific adjustment." To say that arbitration is of no use because it may fail when attempted after the quarrel has burst forth into public notoriety, and all parties concerned are inflamed to the highest pitch of angry passion, is no more rational than to say, that it is useless to urge upon men habits of sobriety and temperance, because such counsel would be treated with contempt and insult by those who are already in the midst of a drunken debauch, with every faculty of reason and conscience drowned in the brutal delirium of intoxication. but But the method of negotiation which has been lately attempted in the East of Europe, differs from that of the Peace Society still more widely in the fact that it is an armed negotiation, based, in fact, not upon an appeal to reason or justice, upon an implied threat of violence. When a third nation interposing its good offices between two others that are at variance, thinks fit to enforce its counsel upon one of them by an armed demonstration, it is obvious, from that moment, that it abdicates its function as a mediator, and becomes itself a party to the quarrel. No result can ensue from such an interposition, except to add fuel to the fire of angry passion, and to enlarge the area of hostilities; just as no good effect could be expected in private life from the mediation of an individual who would seek to adjust a difference between two neighbors by flourishing a cudgel in the face of one of the parties, and threatening him with personal violence if he did not accept the terms proposed. active state of warfare, you render a secure and lasting peace impossible, and place in the way of rulers a powerful temptation to disturb the peace of the world, for the gratification of their own ambition, or resentment, or caprice. The public opinion of Europe, therefore, should be stimulated to demand a simultaneous reduction of these standing armaments during peace." Such, again, is the language which the Peace Society has held. And have not the events of the last few months furnished most impressive illustrations of the soundness of these views? For what has been the real ground of alarm throughout Europe, that, notwithstanding the mighty interests arrayed in favor of peace, war was, from the first, almost inevitable, but the knowledge that there are everywhere great masses of armed men, in readiness to be precipitated in a moment at each other, in obedience to the choler or caprice of any one of the governments involved in these intrigues? And war itself first broke forth, not because negotiations had been closed, or the possibility of a pacific solution had been abandoned, but because enormous armaments on either side having been brought into presence, inflamed by national animosity and religious fanaticism, the influence of the mediating powers could not restrain them even until the issue of pending negotiations were known, from furiously rushing against each other, from the mere animal instinct of fighting. So much for the theory that extensive preparations for war are the best preservatives of peace. Again, the Peace Society has not ceased to warn the governments and peoples of what must necessarily follow from the maintenance and perpetual augmentation of their enormous standing armaments during peace. "This sytem," it has said, "which corrupts and demoralizes society, weighs so heavily on the resources of the people, and threatens with bankruptcy the national exchequers of almost every country in Europe, so far from being a guarantee of peace, is the very nursery of war. The evils arising out of it are so manifold and obvious, they are increasing so rapidly year by year, and are full of such terrible menace to the future interests of European society, that they ought to alarm its leading statesmen into the inquiry, whether they can devise no method of escaping from such direful consequences. Men cannot expect to accumulate immense heaps of the most inflammable materials, without rendering perpetually imminent the danger of a conflagration. The old maxim which forms the corner-stone of modern international statesmanship, 'If you wish for peace, you must prepare for war,' is one that contradicts the common sense and common experience of mankind. As well say, 'If you wish for sobriety, prepare for drunkenness. By the setting apart of an immense number of men to learn the art of war, whose very existence as a body depends on the assumption that other nations are the enemies of their own, and whose personal and professional But there are some who affect to say, (though interests are directly involved in promoting an it is scarcely necessary to notice so preposterous No less strikingly has the present crisis illustrated the necessity which exists for a Peace Society in this country, were it only to aid in the moral education of the people on the question of Peace and War. This, indeed, it has ever considered as its chief mission; for until the popular mind of Europe has been taught just views on the criminality and unutterable folly of war, as well as its disastrous influence on all the highest interests of humanity, it is in vain that governments are disposed to pursue a pacific policy. Such conduct may be the very means, as has frequently happened in the history of this country, of exposing them to odium and reproach. The first and most urgent duty, therefore, is to produce a conviction in the mind of the community generally, which shall be sufficiently firm to prevent their being carried away from the interests of peace by vague fears and jealousies, or the impulse of a vehement and unreasoning passion. The Peace Society has frequently been told that its labors in this respect were quite unnecessary, at least in this country; that whatever might be the case on the continent, here all men had a settled horror of war. But, unhappily, we find, at this moment, in the warlike temper of a large body of our countrymen, the most abundant demonstration that its teaching on this point is far from being superfluous. a charge,) that the Peace Society has been the SLATES. [Concluded from page 432.1 There is, we believe, a little example of quarry visiting made easy-not at Bangor-but at another slate-quarry in North Wales. At Tan-yBwlch (oh these names!) near Ffestiniog, there is the lovely park of Mrs. Oakley and a tourists' hotel; and we have heard of a sort of tourists' truck placed upon the tramway for the use of the hotel visitors; but of this we cannot speak from personal knowledge. Instead, however, of describing my second quarry, let us rather notice a few facts in the subsequent history of the slates. Practical application treads so closely on the heels of science in these our busy days, that no sooner does the thinking man discover something new, than the commercial man tries to convert this something into silver and gold. Unluckily the thinking man does not always obtain his share of these precious rewards. So far as regards slate, we can hardly assert that any very decided or novel discovery has been lately made in the geological position and relation or quantity of available slate; but there certainly have been many notable improvements in the mode of obThe improved management of the blast; the skilful arrangement of the terraces in the quarry; the construction of a well-graduated railway from the quarry to the shipping port; the quick transit from place to place by the construction of go-ahead vessels; the application of steam power to the mechanical sawing and planing, and turning, and grinding and polishing of slate; the ingenious process of enamelling-all act as so many impulses, tending to an increase in the use of this material. No one with eyes open can fail to see indications of this increase. Here and there and everywhere we now meet with slate pavements, slate terraces, slate wall, slate cisterns and tanks, besides the ordinary application for roofing. But there are also new modes of employing slate for steps, balconies, larders, winecellars, dairies, skirtings of rooms, linings for damp walls, wine-coolers, bread-troughs, pickling-troughs, pig-feeding-troughs, grave-stones, tombs and monuments, clock-faces, sun-dials, sinks, filters-even strong rooms and powdermagazines, if the slabs be unusually thick. It is a circumstance of immense value, in respect to many of these applications of slate, that slabs can be obtained so large as fifteen feet long by eight in width, and as flat as a billiard-table; nay, the very billiard-table which we here bring into comparison owes its own flatness to the true level produced by the laminated structure of slate. How many million of feet pressed upon the south transept threshold of the Hyde Park Palace, we cannot exactly say; but the use of slate as a pavement was excellently illustrated there; for it would require more millions of feet than any calculating boy could reckon, to press a slate pavement into holes, so close and hard and durable is this material. The baths and washhouses-those excellent results of a mingling of good sense with good feeling-exhibit very advantageously the employment of large slabs of slate in places where water is splashed about. We are enamelling everything now-a-days. We were wont, not many years back, to be content with daguerreotypes in ordinary form, but now we must have them enamelled. Our boots and slippers, if blacked with the "inestimable composition, fully equal to the highest japan varnish, and warranted to keep in any climate,' used to content us; but now, forsooth, they must be enamelled. Our cooks were accustomed to fected. At the quarries boys are employed in this process of splitting the slates into thin layers, and it is said they do the work better than men. The kind of slate used for pencils is much softer-it contains a little carbon, which lessens its stony character and increases its marking or tracing action. There is very little lamellar or scaly structure, and the slate can-as Bill well knows-be cut with a knife. The pencils called Dutch are formed of harder slate than the others, and are fashioned into cylindrical pieces for use. value an honest iron saucepan, or stewpan, or kettle in its undisguised metallic state; but now it must be veiled over with enamel. And slate used always to be slate, pur et simple, but now it is not unfrequently enamelled; and good reason there is, so far as concerns iron and slate (whatever may be said for daguerreotypes and boots), for the adoption of this enamelling process. Enamel is a species of glass or glazing; it both shields the substance beneath from chemical action, and enables it readily to receive the adornment of color. Slate has come out with startling splendor under this new mode of treat- Despite what we might expect to the contrary, ment. We have seen slabs for a bath-room rep- slates are the most lady-like of all the mineral resenting various marbles inlaid after the style substances. What other can boast of queens, of Florentine mosaic; candelabra to imitate por- and duchesses, and countesses, and ladies-to say phyry; a billiard-table with the legs and frame nothing of imperials? The slaters tell us that enamelled to imitate various marbles; a circular a queen is three feet long by two feet wide; that table with a top representing black marble inlaid a duchess is two feet long by one in width; that with lumachelle and jasper; a pedestal imitative a countess is twenty inches long by ten wide; of porphyry, with a pseudo-black marble plinth; and that a lady, a simple lady, is sixteen inches chimney-pieces representing black and green long by eight in width. All this is very peermarbles; inkstands and ink-trays similarly imi- like and heraldic; the four kinds take rank actative of costly marbles. Those who profess an cording to their dignity in the peerage. True, intense dislike of shams may perchance disap- a queen would be a very Queen Dollalolla, who prove of these sham porphyries and marbles; should be half as broad as she is long, like these but it may at the same time be urged that duchesses, countesses, and ladies; but the slateslate is so hard and so durable as to be better queen presents a still more ample ratio in width. for many purposes than any kind of marble. All these ladies, however-like the clown who Supposing beauty can be produced, durability and has been crushed under an enormous weight on cheapness are certainly obtainable; and these the stage-are remarkably thin from front to three form an admirable trio; the latter two ren-back: regular flats, in short. And then these der slate useful, while the first renders it ornamental. It deserves also to be borne in mind that slate is lighter than marble, bulk for bulk. So great is the strength imparted to slate by its lamellar structure, that it is estimated at four times the strength of stone flags of equal thick-ple ladies to cover an equal space. ness; and a slab only half an inch in thickness, how it is that the dignity of peeresses varies as even to so great a length as eight feet, has strength the square of their dimensions-a law which sufficient for a great variety of constructive pur- Mr. Debrett and Mr. Burke would never have disposes. To enamel this substance is an art and covered. The greater dignity of a duchess is furmystery which requires the cunning skill of the ther shown by this fact, that a smaller number workman with the fiery aid of a furnace. A co- of copper nails is required to fasten down a hunloring pigment of some kind is laid upon the dred square feet of duchesses, than a smaller slate, and this, by exposure for several days to a area of peeresses of lower degree-only two huntemperature between three hundred and five hundred and fifty-four; whereas three hundred and dred degrees of Fahrenheit, becomes so thoroughly burned into the slate as to be scarcely eradicable. When Bill Barlow breaks his slate-pencil, and invests a little capital in the purchase of more, he does not know-and in all probability he does not care-that the pencil is slate as well as his slate itself; he would not unlikely give a flat denial to such an assertion. The schoolboy slatesthose used for writing-do not differ in any considerable degree from roofing-slates; the quality is a little finer in the first instance, and the surfaces receive a careful grinding; the pieces are in the first place reduced by cleavage to sheets, or leaves or films as thin as can safely be fitted into the wooden frames, and then the smoothing is ef ladies are subjected to square measure; for we find that a hundred and seventy-six countesses will only cover as much square space as a hundred and twenty-seven duchesses, while it requires no less than two hundred and eighty simWe thus see fifty-two are needed for countesses, and two hundred and eighty for ladies. All alike, hewever, duchesses and countesses and ladies-are destined to be fastened down with two nails each. The mode of treatment, as a slater's book just tells us, is very unceremonious indeed :-"The sides and bottom edges are trimmed, and the nail-holes punched as near the head as can be done without risk of breaking, and at a uniform distance from the tail."-Household Words. Fame is a plant that comes late to maturity, and never flourishes more vigorously, takes deeper root, or puts forth more luxurious branches, than after it has been checked in its early youth. KILT. |