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a generation or two, transport the colored popu-ism, or philosophy, the fact is certain. Wha lation, of less than three and a half millions, to hope then remains that this unfortunate people the Western Coast of Africa? Especially, as it can ever be Americanized, and constitute an inis a measure of public peace and safety; public tegral part of the State? The conviction that justice; public benevolence; public honor and this is impossible, that they are politically disnational prosperity. franchised, that they are to remain a degraded caste, has sunk into the depths of their hearts, quenching every noble aspiration, repressing every manly effort, and crushing their spirits to the earth.

In conclusion, the Committee, has only to say, that African Colonization is the offspring of Christian philanthropy. It is allied to no scheme of wealth or power. A moral necessity gave birth to the enterprise. The suffering and degraded condition of the colored people in the city of London, in 1787, moved the hearts of Wilberforce, and others of kindred spirit, to devise means for their relief and improvement, and the colony of Sierra Leone was the result.

The same beneficent spirit, seeking to meliorate the condition of the race in this country, but with a scope immeasurably broader, was led by the light of British example to the adoption of similar measures, and through the agency of the American Colonization Society, formed in 1816, Liberia, the germ of an empire, sprang into life. The pioneers and founders of the enterprise, believing that the separation of the races is essential to the highest improvement of both, sought to secure a retreat, where the African might enjoy every right and franchise of an American citizen, and in the free use of every native endowment, stand erect in the conscious dignity of manhood, in the land of his ancestors, freed from his present social inferiority and political disfranchisement, with every incentive to manly effort and virtuous aspiration.

Your committee, in view of the facts before. them, and in consideration of the civil and social disabilities to which the colored people of Pennsylvania are subjected, recommend an appropriation of two thousand dollars to the Pennsylvania Colonization Society, to be drawn and expended as provided for in the bill herewith reported-by the committee.

FRIENDS' SCHOOL, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA, Established 22d of Seventh Month, 1840. In the second volume of the Review, some account was given of the life and character of Richard Jennings, and of the school which was established in 1840 at Cape Town, South Africa, and conducted by Richard and Mary Jennings, In that account notice was taken of the decease, in 1848, of the former, and the continuance of the school under the charge of his widow and their eldest daughter. In the London Friend A retreat has been found near the equator, the for last month, we find the following account native home of the race, comprising a territory of of this seminary, showing its continuance to a twenty thousand square miles, admitting of in- recent date, under the same instructors; and of definite extension in the interior, as the exigen- the seeds of Christian instruction which it is cies of the people may require. From the hum-scattering among the rude inhabitants of Southblest beginnings formed of materials the most feeble and helpless, nursed by private charity, exposed to aggression from every ruthless marauder, and protected only by Almighty love, Liberia has escaped the perils of her infancy. She has even the spirit to call herself a State, a commonwealth, an independent republic, and the proudest monarchies of Europe have enrolled her among the nations. Schools and churches adorn her towns and villages; the atrocities of the slave trade have ceased within her borders; thousands of the emancipated exult in the blessings of freedom, and astonished Africa beholds a new order of things inaugurated upon her shores.

Liberia invites the return of the exiled to the home of their ancestors, to share the blessings of her free institutions and ennobling destiny, to be rivalled only, we trust, by the Empire of the West.

To a country so inviting, is it not a wise and humane policy to direct the attention of the colored race in this State? It has been decided that here they can never rise to a social or political equality. Call this prejudice, or patriot

ern Africa.

Satisfactory accounts have been received from Mary Jennings respecting the Cape Town School, from which the following Report has been compiled.

"In looking back on the past year, and retracing the goodness of our Heavenly Father to us, we see that we have great cause for thankfulness, that we have been preserved in good health, and strengthened to pursue our duties in the school. We think, after all our trials and discouragements, we see improvement in the children that encourages us to labor on. There are several interesting children now in the school, who we think are desirous and endeavor to do what is right, and to walk in the narrow path. May we be assisted to direct them in that way. One little boy and his sister, the children of Malays, read out of their Bibles, to their father, mother, and sister, every evening. A little Africander, about eight years of age, whose mother cannot read English, takes great delight in reading to her what he has heard in the school, and tries to

explain it to her, as I have done he also hears his father, who is learning to read English. A girl also, an Africander, about eleven years old, reads her Bible much at home. At the annual Tea Feast, we have generally seen some of their mothers about the door; but this year, some of their fathers were there also, and seemed much pleased with what they saw and heard. There are 132 children on the books; 97 of these are colored children. The parents of these, as well as those of the whites, are equally desirous for their children to learn as much as they possibly can. The average daily attendance is 90; 35 boys, and 55 girls."

The Scriptures are read in the school every morning, and once a week all who can read are expected to repeat some portion, which they have committed to memory during the week. Those who understand the language, appear to feel an interest in this part of their education. Fourteen Bibles and six Testaments have been given to the children during the year, and eight small Diamond Testaments have been purchased by the First-day scholars, with their tickets.

Thirty-five of the children write on slates, and twenty-five in books; those who are old enough, learn the elements of grammar, geography, and arithmetic. Only eight could read when they first came to school. Many of the girls sew neatly. Thirteen attend the First-day morning reading-meeting, and between thirty and forty that in the afternoon. Twenty-four books out of the Library have been lent to the children, and thirteen to other parties, as well as a great number belonging to Mary Jennings, during the It is thought about forty attend a place of worship regularly, but it is difficult to ascertain this.

year.

In the Fourth Month of 1853, James Ecroyd and his wife visited the school, being on their way from Natal to England. In one of his letters, James Ecroyd says: We have called to see the widow of Richard Jennings, at the school belonging to Friends. She has three daughters, from 16 to 18 years of age, who assist her in the school. The average attendance is from 80 to 90 children; the principal part of them appear to be from six to ten years of age. They are composed of Malays, Europeans, Africanders, Hottentots, Creoles, Mozambique Negroes, &c., and have a very singular appearance; the long shining black hair of the Malay, and swarthy complexion, contrast with the woolly hair of the Mozambique, and the fair skins of the English. The premises are spacious, and, as far as I could judge, the school seems to be well conducted.'

Believing that this school continues to hold an important place amongst the population of Cape Town, the kind assistance which has hitherto been given, it is hoped will not be withheld. Subscriptions and donations for its support will be thankfully received by Elizabeth Backhouse, Micklegate, York."

THE BIBLE IN RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

The following notice of the circulation of the Bible in Turkey, will probably be interesting to many readers of the Review, though it comes to us accompanied with some reflections of a kind which the Editor has no disposition to encourage.

In the House of Peers, on the 10th March, the Earl of Shaftesbury, moving for papers further to illustrate the state of religious liberty among the Christians in Turkey, called attention to the manifesto of the Emperor of Russia, charging England and France with siding with "the enemies of Christianity." Lord Shaftesbury resented this imputation; and cited ample evidence to show, that of late years Turkey has done everything she can to advance, and Russia everything "to suppress" the progress of Protestant Christianity throughout the world. He wished the Russians well North of Archangel, and the Turks well East of the Euphrates; but, called on to choose, he infinitely preferred Turkish to Russian dominion. Lord Shaftesbury also showed that the Turks readily allow the Bible to circulate, that there are sixty-five regular Protestant teachers in Turkey, and fourteen schools in Constantinople alone, and that the only hindrance to the free scope of every religious movement comes from the Greek and Armenian clergy. In Russia, on the contrary, religious associations are not permitted; no Bible in Russia is allowed to circulate; there are two millions of Hebrews in Russia, but no Bible in Hebrew is allowed; and missions among the Tartars are not permitted. Lord Shaftesbury showed, that as early as 1846, the Turkish Goverment stepped in between the upper clergy of "the Orthodox [Greek] faith" and the Protestants, and shielded the latter from prosecutions by the former, as bad as any practised by Turk or Romanist. Had the Sultan restored, as demanded by Russia, the แ status quo ab antiquo," all the rights granted to the Protestant Rayahs by the Sultan would have been swept away.

The Earl of Clarendon had no objection to produce the papers. He thanked Lord Shaftes bury for the statement he had made; which came opportunely to allay doubts as to the character of the contest and to stamp it with its true character. Nothing had occurred so culpable as the attempt by Russia to give this war a religious character. He believed that the manifesto had called forth but a faint and feeble response among the upper and middle classes in Russia, because they did not feel that their religion was in danger. In Turkey there has been no outbreak of Mahometan fanaticism; but Russian agents have been among the Sultan's Greek subjects inciting them to revolt. Lord Clarendon read a despatch from Lord Stratford, received only half an hour before he came to the House, to the effect that "the firman for establishing Christian evidence

on an equality with Musselman throughout the Turkish empire is complete," and has been sanctioned by the Sultan. În the course of his speech, Lord Clarendon made a forcible statement of the objects of the war. After saying that they were After saying that they were about to support a weak against a powerful state, to prevent the unjust interpretation of a treaty by force, and the disturbance of the European equilibrium, he continued

"I hope that we shall also put a stop to that blasting influence which has deprived more than one country of Europe-indeed, I may say, so large a portion of Europe-of its freedom of action; an influence which is always exerted to check that progress which is essential to the welfare of nations, and an influence, moreover, which by stigmatizing as revolutionary, and by checking all those improvements which governments have been willing to give, and the people being fit to receive were entitled to expect, has encouraged disloyalty and discontent, and has so operated that Russian influence has really served the cause of revolution."-Littell's Living Age.

FISHES.

in 1851 as in 1811; and it was noticed that four-fifths of those taken were on their first ascent, before having propagated their species. Go to the North Seas and the same thing is true. A recent writer says, that Russian civilization has reduced to misery the fish eating tribes of Siberia; and the migration of fish up the fresh water rivers, will hereafter be known only in tradition.

This destruction of fish must be uncalled for, since their productive power is greater than any other higher animal. In the spawn of the tench have been counted 38,000 eggs at once; in the mackerel, 546,000; and in the cod, 1,357,000. We can only account for the diminution from the ignorance of their nature and habits, and the thoughtless manner of taking them by improper means, and at seasons preventing re-production; as one of the statutes of Henry VIII. reads, “by persons having respect only to their own wilfulnesse, singular commoditie and benefit;" or as was said by an after statute, "by persons of greedy appetites and insatiable desires."

The natural supply having failed for want of care, the world is now studying to reproduce them by artificial means. This we believe has for a long time been done by the Chinese, who have Nature has everywhere provided food for man. even succeeded in crossing breeds, as with aniEvery element is full of life, and constantly pro-mals. The mode of operating is very simple. ducing that which goes to nourish and strengthen There are but two fishes that produce their young the human race. In the waters perhaps more alive-the whale, and a new fish, of which Prof. abundantly than elsewhere and more easily to be Agassiz has some specimens discovered in Caliobtained, are the means of sustenance. Man fornia, in 1852. All others lay their eggs and takes to the water as to the land; he seeks food the male afterwards passes over, impregnating or as soon from the one as the other; and every giving life to the deposits. If, then, the fishes where in their own element, from the seas whose fail in one stream, they can be renewed by taking bottoms have never been reached by lead and the impregnated eggs from the stream where line, to the brooks that come pouring down the they are laid, to supply another. In this way mountains and leaping from the hills, do fishes fishes may be had in greater abundance than abound. Their names and species are almost where nature supplies them, and they may be endless, and their habits of life have never in grown to furnish the table of the proprietor, or many cases been discovered. It happens unfor- for sale, as sheep or pigs can be on land. This tunately, that our manner of dealing with the pisiculture or fish-raising has been extensively finny tribes tends greatly to their destruction, carried on of late in France, where it is expected almost before we know their value or the means they will yet supply much food to the poorer of their preservation and propagation. This has classes. The Dutch have also established fish been seen not alone with us, where they are so nurseries in the neighborhood of the Hague; and fast disappearing from the rivers and streams--the Scotch on the river Tay have made a salmon from the bays and seas,-the cod and its associates, the salmon, shad, pickerel, perch, and their fellows-but thus it has been all over the world, as though they were given for a barbarous state, and disappeared as civilization advanced. They have diminished in Great Britain and Ireland as fast as with us, though they have passed one statute upon another for hundreds of years, to prevent it. It is mentioned in Ireland, in the 16th century, in the very places where they now complain of their impoverished condition, that they "complain more often for bursting their nets with the over great take of fish, than for any want." Now many of the fishings have there been abandoned. So in Scotland. Upon the Tweed but one-fourth as many salmon were taken

nursery of 500,000 eggs, that are expected to hatch this spring. In other parts of Europe this process goes on with hopes of success, and the rivers and bays may yet be as of old.

We notice that in New York and some other sections of this country, they talk of trying the experiment. It is worth the trial to return the salmon to their old haunts, and to fill the ponds and streams with trout and pickerel, as in other days. There would be not only the unequalled pleasure of taking the fish, but how agreeable to go to our little brooks and water privileges in the country, as we would to a poultry yard, to be furnished for our dinner. Fishes may not only be naturalized, but civilized, so to speak, domesticated. Though they cannot be taught

much, having but a very small amount of brain, and that less solid than warm-blooded animalsthe shark's being but 1-2500 of his body, and the tunny fish 1-37,400, while in man it is 1-25yet they "remember the hand that feeds them," and by the voice of the master become quite tame. Dr. Balch, of Amesbury, has a nursery, where this may be seen; and a few years ago, a little girl down on the South shore, had so overcome their timid natures, that they would come in answer to the names she gave them and feed from her hand. There have been many instances of the kind, and hereafter it may be a common

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mentation, and the process of distillation merely separates the alcohol from the other ingredients which enter into the composition of the liquid. By distillation the alcoholic poison is more concentrated, and thus rendered more active and pernicious than before; but this liquor, after being thus concentrated, may be diluted to any degree, and the intoxicating quality reduced to a level with that of the fermented liquors.

At the time when Friends, in a Society capacity, took up the subject of distilled spirituous liquors, rum, using the word in a literal sense, was very extensively, if not generally in use, little diluted⚫ and deemed almost indispensable on numerous occasions. The injury to health and morals which the free use of ardent spirits produced, being clearly perceived by the more observant and reflecting class, a concern to procure a reformation soon arose in the Society. Conspicuous among the laborers in this cause, we find the the name of Anthony Benezet, who by means of the pen and press, endeavored to diffuse a just sense of the evils of intemperance among his cotemporaries.

As was natural and judicious, Friends began their attack on the most prominent points. They commenced with an effort to banish from their tables, their workshops, and fields the distilled article. Time and experience were required to establish the conclusion that stimulating liquors were not required in the performance of any of those labors in which ardent spirits had been deemed essential. Hence the fermented liquors which had not been subjected to distillation were tolerated, and even encouraged as a means of excluding the more stimulating and pernicious species.

In the brief notice given in our thirty-third number, of the proceedings of our late Yearly Meeting it is stated that fifty-four of our members were ascertained to use, to some extent, distilled spirituous liquors as a drink, and that four others had given it for that purpose to their workmen. When we consider the extent of that meeting, and the great variety of circumstances in which our members are placed, the number thus designated as having given the influence of their example to a dangerous and pernicious practice, may be regarded as the gleanings of a vineyard when the vintage is done. We should naturally consider the Society, at least within our Yearly Meeting, as nearly rid of intemperance; particularly as we have no intimation that any of these individuals had even approached the verge of in- of alcoholic liqours in any of their forms. Hence toxication.

An important inquiry still remains, whether the conquest over intemperance is actually as nearly accomplished as it may appear. The investigation to which we are indebted for the information referred to, was expressly limited to distilled spirituous liquor. The remark of a witty author, who tells us that he uses the word rum to designate the various species, because, though the kinds are various, the effect is the same in them all, contains probably as much philosophy as wit. It is the alcoholic principle that produces the deleterious effects; and that is not the product of distillation. The alcohol, or intoxicating ingredient is developed by the vinous fer

But the experience which proved that the labors which had been supposed to require the aid of ardent spirits, could be as well if not better performed without them, also proved that the same labor could be performed without the use

the obvious conclusion, that intoxicating beverage of any species, is not necessary to sustain the strength of the laboring man; and a fortiori not needful for men in health whatever their employ*I have some where seen it stated, that Admiral Vernon, when he commanded a fleet on the West India station, observing the injurious results among the sailors, of drinking rum in its unmixed state, ordered their rations of liquor to be diluted with water. This the men disliked, and gave to this mixed ration a name which they had assigned to their commander. He, it appears, wore a coat made of stuff called grogram, and not being popular with the sailors, they gave him, from his coat, the sobriquet of old grog. Hence, the name grog is said to have been fixed upon the mixture of rum and water.

ment. But experience and science have proved that alcoholic beverage, whether distilled or not, is not only needless but actually pernicious to the human system. The physical question being set at rest, the moral aspect of the case is left to

claim our undivided attention.

PIETY PROMOTED.
Subscribers who reside within the limits of New

York Yearly Meeting, are informed that their
copies will be forwarded to Dr. Stephen Wood,
East Broadway, New York; from whom they can
be obtained during the week of the Yearly Meet-
ing.

Philada., Fifth month 13th, 1854.

HAVERFORD SCHOOL.

THE SUMMER TERM will commence on Fourth day the 10th of Fifth month next. Applications for admission may be addressed to Jonathan Richards, Superintendent, at the School, or to

CHARLES YARNALL, Secretary of the Board of Managers, 39 Market. St. Philadelphia.

3d mo. 25-tf.

WANTED.

Now we know that the fruits of intoxication are essentially the same, whatever the liquor which produces it. We also know that the habitual use of the less stimulating species, excites and sustains an appetite which is apt to become more imperious the longer it is indulged. To what extent wine, porter, beer, &c., are used within the limits of our Yearly Meeting, is a point upon which the investigation annually required, casts no light; and we may safely presume, that where used at all, they are used with moderation. But if the Society of Friends is to maintain the The committee having charge of Friends' Esposition which it long held, in relation to intoxi-sirous of employing two young men to labor on tablishment among the Shawnee Indians, are decating liquor, it appears reasonable to conclude the farm, (practical farmers are desirable.)that a further step must be taken in the road of They also want to engage a teacher in the School, reformation. We may justly and seriously inquire and a female to assist in the family; a middle whether our testimony against intemperance can aged man and his wife for teacher and assistant in the family would be preferable. Application be fully and consistently sustained, until the ban to be made to Simon Hadley, or John Hadley, Jr., of the Society shall have been extended over in- Sligo, Clinton County, Ohio, who will give any intoxicating beverages of every description. This formation necessary. Friends of good character, seems to be demanded by the progressive charac- and of religious experience are desirable. ter of the age. In the present state of the community, the exclusion of distilled liquors from our lips as a beverage, even if effectually accomplished, though a good thing in itself, would leave the work but imperfectly performed.

FREE PRODUCE STORE, IN INDIANA. We have learned by a letter recently received, that James and Alfred Johnson, father and son, have opened a Free Labor Store, at Richmond, Indiana, where they expect to keep as full an assortment of free labor goods and groceries, as they can obtain in New York and Philadelphia. It is to be hoped that they will receive the patronage of the advocates of freedom, in the West, whether members of our Society or not.

FRIENDS' MARRIAGE CERTIFICATES.

Persons wishing Marriage Certificates, are informed that a handsome new copper-plate has been engraved, (to supply the place of the former one, which was destroyed by fire,) in which some improvements have been introduced in the arrangement of the blank spaces, &c. Copies can be had by applying to William J. Canby, No. 73 South Fourth Street, above Walnut, or to William Macniven, No. 50 North Fouth Street.

MARRIED,-At Friends' Meeting, Spiceland, Henry county, Indiana, on the 26th of Fourth month, ELLWOOD PLEAS to SARAH ANN, daughter of Joseph and Rebecca Griffin; all members of Spiceland Monthly Meeting.

At Friends' Meeting House, in Moreau, Saratoga county, N. Y., the 2d of Third month, CHARLES H. DE VOL, son of Abner De Vol, to MATILDA C., daughter of Lucius Carey, of the former place.

DIED, On the 12th of Twelfth month last, at his residence, in Granville, Washington county, N. Y., EPHRAIM POTTER, in the 48th year of his age; an esteemed member of Granville Monthly Meeting.

ville, Washington county, N. Y., NATHANIEL POT-
On the 18th ult., at his residence, in Gran-
TER, in the 87th year of his age; a highly
esteemed elder of Granville Monthly Meeting of
Friends. Conciliating in his demeanor, prudent
and consistent in conduct, a peace maker, and at
the same time the steady friend of good order
beloved in the neighborhood, and by his fellow
and sound principles, he was both respected and
citizens at large. Admonished by various symp
toms of declining health, he seemed of latter years
conscious that the evening of his life had come,
and tranquilly looked to the glorious "recom-
pence of reward."

in the 36th year of her age, HANNAH C., wife of
In Belmont county, Ohio, on the 4th ult.,
William Briggs; a member of Flushing Monthly
Meeting.

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