said Katy, "sold my mother away, but I remember that before we were torn asunder, she knelt down, laid her hand on my head, and gave me to God."

Katy never saw her mother again. Her mistress told her that if she was as good as her mother, she would do well. Katy felt keenly the loss of her mother. The recollection of her own anguish when separated from her, made her, she said, feel compassion for children. When ten years old, she told her master R. B., that if he would give her her liberty she would serve the Lord forever. But he did not do it.

Katy was never taught to read. "My mistress," she said, "would not let me learn; and once she said to me, 'you know more now than my daughters.""

When Katy was sixteen or seventeen years old, a lady in the city purchased her freedom for $200, giving her six years to reimburse her; but she afterwards agreed to allow one half of the sum for eleven months work, and the late excellent Divie Bethune raised the other hundred dollars.

For more than forty years, up to the last of her life, she had a prayer meeting at her house every Friday evening, and for some five years past another every Sabbath afternoon, into which she gathered the poor neglected children of the neighborhood, and those adults who did not attend church. She always secured the aid of some good man to conduct these meetings. The results of these efforts were most happy. The tract distributors, City Missionaries and others, remarked that where Katy lived the whole aspect of the neighborhood was changed. So much for the exertions of a poor colored woman who could not read! "The liberal heart deviseth liberal things."

The secret of Katy's usefulness was her ferOne of her mistress' sons ask-vent, uniform and consistent piety. No one ed Katy to teach him geography, &c. She ex- could be with her even for a little while without claimed "I cant." He replied, "yes, you can; feeling its influence. The love of God was shed if I dont read right in the Bible, or if I dont say abroad in her heart, and it found expression in my catechism right, you tell quick enough." acts of benevolence to his children. The cause of missions was very dear to her. Three years and a half ago a company of missionaries were about to embark for West Africa, under the direction of the American Missionary Association. One of the missionaries was invited to attend the little meetings held at Katy's house, and did so once or twice before leaving the country. Katy's sympathies were at once strongly enlisted in behalf of this young missionary and all his associ ates. A few months since the writer met her in the street, and she eagerly inquired about the During her life she had taken forty-eight chil- Mendi Mission. "These three years," said she, dren-twenty of them were white children-"I have never missed a day but I have prayed some from the almshouse and others from their for those dear missionaries." parents, and brought them up, or kept them till she could find places for them. She expended much money on their behalf, and followed them with affectionate interest with her prayers. To my inquiry, "Have you laid up any property?" she quickly replied, "How could I, when I gave away all I earned ?"

At eighteen she was married. She had two children, but lost them both. "They are dead," said Katy, "and I have no relations now, and most of my old friends are gone.'

When she lived at No. 52 Warren street, (the house has since been taken down,) she regularly collected the children in the neighborhood, who were accustomed to run in the street on the Lord's day, into her house, and got suitable persons to come and hear them say their catechism, &c.

The sainted Isabella Graham used to invite Katy's scholars to her house, to say their catechism and receive religious instruction. This was about the time Dr. Mason's Church in Murray st. was built. The doctor heard of her school, and one Sunday visited it. "What are you about here, Katy?" said he; "keeping school on the Sabbath? We must not leave you to do all this." So he spoke to his elders, had the lecture-room opened and the children transferred to it. This was the origin of the Sunday school in the Murray st. Church, and it is believed that Katy Ferguson's was the first Sunday school in the City.

Katy mourned over the condition of the poor people in the City, who were suffering on account of their vices as well as their poverty. She said: "The ruination of both white and colored people in this city is gambling. I told one of them that I would never do it-that I had rather live on bread and water."

On Tuesday morning, having been for several days somewhat indisposed, she went out to see a physician. She soon returned to her house and lay down, but grew rapidly worse. In a few hours it became apparent that her disease was cholera, and she was sensible that the hour of dissolution was at hand. Notwithstanding the suddenness of the summons, she was ready. Her mind was calm and clear. "O?" said she to a friend who stood near, "what a good thing it is to have a hope in Jesus!" Her last words were, "All is well." Yes, sainted spirit, "all is well."

L. T.

FARMING AS AN OCCUPATION.

wet places, putting on good buildings and fences, setting out fruit trees, accumulating first class farming implements and utensils, obtaining and rearing the best domestic animals, the money could not possibly be more safely and profitably

invested.

Throughout the entire country, farming is an employment which, properly conducted, is sure to pay. The vicissitudes, revulsions and revolutions, that like epidemics visit periodically nearly every other branch of industry, fall comparatively harmless upon the agricultural community. Unexampled success and pecuniary ruin come alternately upon the merchant, the manufacturer, the miller, the speculator;-at one time elevat ing them upon the crest-wave of fortune, and then again plunging them into the vortex of ir-portant. retrievable bankruptcy.

his income upon a single branch of agricultural
As a general thing, the farmer should not base
production. Setting aside the necessity of a
rotation in crops for the good condition of his
fields, there are other considerations equally im-
The wheat crop might in one year
prove a failure, or the market be low when beef,
and pork, and wool, would sell readily, and at re-
munerating prices, or vice versa.
Root crops
sometimes yield well and profitably, and at others
do not pay for the seed. The profits on fruit
some seasons will line a man's pockets with the
needful, while occasionally it barely brings any
return to the producer. It is scarcely possible,
however, to miss a market on some crop, if the
farmer has an ordinary and proper variety, while
still more frequently all will pay.

In some cases, a merchant continues to amass a fortune even to old age, and then some unforeseen event, or some disastrous adventure, sweeps away the accumulations of years. How many instances can be mentioned where millers have made fortunes and lost them again. The profits which the farmer made by raising wheat, the miller four times doubled in its manufacture and sale; and the first-named has sometimes, perhaps, been a little envious of the latter's prosperity; Intelligence and mental culture are as imporbut in a single season thereafter, the miller's en-tant to the agriculturist as to any other class of tire fortune is swallowed up in losses, while the farmer, if he does not increase his substance that year by reason of a hard market, at least lives through it, and saves his previous accumulations. All farmers, however, do not make money commensurate with their labors. There is no employment where economy, intelligent management, activity, a wise forethought, and a vigilant supervision, are more necessary to success. A load of debt, expensive habits, too much fancy farming, too little attention to the main points, viz., good tillage, drainage, manuring, rotation in crops, early seeding, and proper harvesting, will inevitably keep the cultivator of the soil under the teeth of a worse harrow than the one used to break up the clods of his own fallow. No absolute set of rules can be laid down for general guidance, but the above vade mecum is well worthy of being conned.

If

A farmer must not owe too much money. he is able to pay, or if competent nearly to pay, for a farm in the Valley of the Genesee, or any other equally valuable farming locality, then he may be sure, with proper management, of doubling his money within a few years; but as a general thing, it is folly for one possessing only a few hundred dollars, especially if he be young, to think of buying land in such a region. He may expect to labor like a slave for the benefit of his creditors, and be ground out at last in the mill of some ruthless money-shaver. Let such a man push off West, and select a farm judiciously, improve it as rapidly as is consistent with his means, and he will be sure to secure a competence within a few years. If every dollar he obtains above the ordinary and proper expenses of his family, be for years expended upon the farm in clearing off the necessary fields, draining out

men. Hence, good schools and good opportunities for acquiring knowledge, should be early established. Every man who advertises his farm for sale, understands the enhanced value by reason of such advantages; besides, it gives him an opportunity to educate his children, and place them in a position to do honor to themselves and their country. Books and newspapers should be obtained and read in every farmer's family; and above all, next to the Bible, those treating upon agriculture and its cognate subjects, should be carefully, thoughtfully, and regularly perused. The American agriculturist has a great mission to perform, and it is a solemn responsibility resting upon him to see that he performs it rightly. His position is a happy as well as an important one, and he who cultivates his own ground, and eats the fruits thereof under his own vine and fig-tree, has no occasion to envy the lot of any other mortal.-Rural New Yorker.

STATISTICS OF CRIME.

A distinguished English gentleman who has spent many years as a resident or as a traveller in Papal countries in Europe, has presented some deeply interesting facts concerning vice and crime in Papal and Protestant countries. He possessed himself of the government returns of every Romanist state on the continent, and therefore his statistics do not rest on his Protestant prejudices. The Boston Traveller thus condenses his results:

In England four persons for a million, on an average, are committed for murder per year. In Ireland, there are nineteen to the million. In Belgium, a Catholic country, there are eighteen murders to the million. In France there are

THE SEMI ANNUAL EXAMINATION will commence

thirty-one. Passing into Austria we find thirty-vania, by whom all the information required will six. In Bavaria, also Catholic, sixty-eight to be given. When more convenient to do so, parties the million; or if homicides are struck out there applying may register the names of applicants will be thirty. Going into Italy where Catholic with the undersigned. influence is the strongest of any country on earth, ou Second-day, 9th mo. 11th, and close on the and taking first the kingdom of Sardinia, we find morning of Fourth-day following. The presence twenty murders to the million. In the Vene- of parents and others interested in the subject of tian and Milanese provinces there is the enor-Education is respectfully invited. mous result of forty-five to the million. In Tuscany, forty-two, though the land is claimed as a kind of earthly paradise; and in the Papal States, not less than one hundred murders for the million of people. There are ninety in Sicily; and in Naples the result is more appalling still, where public documents show there are two hundred murders per year to the million of people!

The above facts are all drawn from the civil

and criminal record of the respective countries named. Now taking the whole of these countries together, we have seventy-five cases of murder for every million of people. In Protestant countries, England for example, we have but four for every million.

FRIENDS' REVIEW. PHILADELPHIA, EIGHTH MONTH 26, 1854.

Copies of the Order of Examination may be ob tained at the office of Friends Review.

CHARLES YARNALL, Secretary Board of Managers, No. 39 Market st., Philadelphia.

CIRCULAR.

Friends' Boarding School, near Richmond,
Indiana.

To Monthly Meetings, and Friends Individually:

the charge of this Institution, have made arrangeDEAR FRIENDS:-The Committee appointed to ments for opening the School for the ensuing wINTER SESSION, on Third-day the 10th of Tenth month, 1854.

Applications for the admission of scholars, should be addressed, post-paid; to the Superintendent of Friends' Boarding School, Richmond, Indiana.

The price of Tuition, Board and Washing, for the coming session, will be 50 dollars for each Scholar, payment to be made in advance; the Yearly Meeting having united with the recomBy the arrival of the packet ship Albert Galla-mendation that "the price of tuition should inva tin, Captain Delano, at New York, from Liverpool, we have received the melancholy intelligence that William Penn Hoag, the eldest son of our friend Lindley M. Hoag, a youth of promising talents and character, was lost overboard from that vessel about three o'clock on the morning of the 5th inst., four days previous to her arrival at

New York.

riably be paid in advance, owing to the difficulty of obtaining dues in the middle of the session." in which payment is made. Scholars will be reApplicants will have precedence in the order ceived at any time when the School is not full, and charges made from the time of entry. No reduction to be made for absence, after admission, except on account of sickness, or some extraor dinary circumstance.

Parents and Guardians are earnestly requested to see that the clothing of scholars be becoming the

A dense fog prevailed at the time, and every exertion was used to rescue the unfortunate youth, appearance of consistent Friends, having rewho was distinctly heard to answer the two first tions of the changing fashions of the world. The spect to decency and usefulness, avoiding imitasignal guns which were fired from the ship. Life clothing to be of dark plain colors, to save washbuoys were thrown out, the vessel lighted in everying, and each article should be marked with the part, and a boat lowered which cruised two hours owner's name. in a fruitless search. He appears to have been about 18 years of age.

DIED. On the 21st of 5th month, of scarlet fever, NATHAN, son of John MORRIS, a member of Whitewater Monthly Meeting, Wayne county, Indiana, in the 18th year of his age.

-, On the 18th inst., at Germantown, after a long and painful illness, borne with Christian resignation, SARAH POTTS, in the 67th year of her age, a member of the Northern District Monthly Meeting in this city.

HAVERFORD SCHOOL.

The Winter Term will commence on the second Fourth-day of the Tenth month next. Application may be made to JONATHAN RICHARDS, Superintendent, at the school, in person or by letter addressed to West Haverford, Delaware County, Pennsyl

(The inconsistent appearance in dress &c., of many of the Scholars that have come to this Institution has been cause of much regret to the Committee and Officers, and it is hoped that Parents and Guardians, will take the necessary care in this respect before sending scholars, as the Committee believe they will be justified in refus ing admittance to those who will not comply with this Rule.)

Parents and Guardians are also desired to avoid

bringing or taking away Scholars, or visiting the school on the First-day of the week.

The Students will be instructed in the usual branches of a good English education, and if desired, the French, Latin and Greek languages.

The School is furnished with Apparatus suited to the Illustration of many of the Sciences, af fording to those who may be endeavoring to qualify themselves for teaching, an opportunity for completely understanding their subjects; and also with a Library, embracing about 750 volumes of

Again, it is to my mind apparent, that the provision of the Constitution in regard to fugitives from labor or service contemplates a judicial determination of the lawfulness of the claim which may be made.

Mr. Butler of South Carolina, who reported the clause, for the first time, Aug. 29, 1787, framed its conclusion as follows: "But shall be delivered up to the person JUSTLY claiming their service or labor." How was the justice of the claim to be ascertained? Who were to determine it? Fugitives were not to be discharged in consequence of any law or regulation of the States to which they may have fled. Not discharged by whom? The Federal Government? No, but the States, in consequence or by virtue of any law or regulation therein. "But shall be delivered up." By whom? Evidently by the same power which had convenanted not to discharge them. Shall be delivered up by the States, not seized by the Federal Government.

be plainer than that here is suspended a legal right upon an issue of fact, which can only be determined by the Constitutional judicial tribunal of the country?

Here there is a fact, an issue, to be judicially determined before a right can be enforced. What authority shall determine it? Clearly the authority of the State whose duty it is to deliver up the fugitive when the fact is determined. Until the issue which the Constitution itself creates is decided, the person is entitled to the protection of the laws of the State. When the issue is determined against the fugitive, then the constitutional compact arises above the laws and regulations of the State, and to the former the latter must yield.

To my mind this seems very clear and simple. The whole proceeding is clearly a judicial one, and I will not stop here to demonstrate what, from the preceding remarks, appears so obvious. The law of 1850, by providing for a trial of the constitutional issue between the parties designated thereby, by officers not recognised by any Constitution, State or National, is unconstitutional and void.

It has been already said, that, until the claim of the owner be interposed, the fugitive in this State is, to all intents and purposes, a free man.

The interposition of the claim, by legal process, is the commencement of a suit. "A suit is the prosecution of some claim, demand or request." [6 Wheat., 407.] The trial of such claims is the trial of a suit. Therefore the trial thereof must not only be had before a judicial tribunal, but whether proceedings be commenced by the fugitive to resist the claim of the claimant or by the claimant to enforce and establish it, it would seem that either party would be entitled to a jury. It is no answer to this position to say that neither the States nor the General Government have provided the means for such a mode of trial. The constitutional right of the party remains the same. The late organization of our County Courts failed to provide a trial by a Constitutional Jury, yet the Supreme Court held that the parties were nevertheless entitled The clause as finally adopted reads, "but to demand it. If provision is not made for such shall be delivered up on claim of the party to a trial, it is the duty of the proper authority to whom such service or labor is DUE." Here is a make it. Nor is it any answer to this position fact to be ascertained, before the fugitive can be to say that the proceeding to reclaim and relegally delivered up, viz.: that his service or la- possess a fugitive from service is not a "suit at bor is really due to the party who claims him. common law." This question is already settled. How is the fact to be ascertained? A claim is It has been judicially determined that the term set up to the service of a person. He who makes" common law" was used in the Constitution in the claim is denominated by the Constitution a party. The claimant is one party, the person who resists the claim is another party. If he really owes the service according to the laws of the State from which he is alleged to have escaped, he must be delivered up. If the claim is unfounded, he cannot be delivered up. The Constitution itself has made up the issue and arranged the parties to it. Can any proposition

contradistinction to suits in Admiralty or equity. Were it otherwise, Congress need only to change the common law form of procedure to nullify the right of trial by Jury in all cases. See Story Com. 645, et seq.; 3 Pet. 446.

Mr. Justice Story says:

"In a just sense, the amendment may well be construed to embrace all suits which are not of equity or admiralty jurisdiction, whatever may be