COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY. C ELECTROTYPED AND PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. LIBRAR Leland Stanford, Jr. UNIVERSITY PREFACE. swer. "IN all the affairs of life, the arithmetical part of the business is the dominant one." How many and how much have we? How many and how much do we want? are questions that constantly obtrude themselves for an"Arithmetic is the conclusive science that men have to apply, all their days, to all their affairs." Of all the sciences, therefore, with which men have to do, none deserves more intelligent study or more prudent application than the arithmetical one. Memory alone cannot deal with it or comprehend it. Pupils must be trained to see, to hear, to think, in order to grasp its truths and learn to apply them. We dare say that the philosophical study of no other subject will impart to the mind of youth a higher degree of acuteness and penetration. "It makes men subtile," said Lord Bacon. Very few pupils, we presume, enter school for the first time who have not some idea of number and of numerical combinations; but this knowledge, incidentally gathered here and there, necessarily lies in the mind in no definite or connected order. It is important, therefore, that when pupils begin the systematic study of Arithmetic, they begin with the very first lesson, so that what they already know may be set in order and be made the basis of what is next to be learned. Beginners should be iii |