to contain also a few Extracts made from the posthumous Papers of the late Lieutenantcolonel JOHN SQUIRE, of the corps of Royal Engineers; who met with a melancholy fate, in the service of his country, at Truxillo in Spain, in the thirty-third year of his age. The death of COLONEL SQUIRE was owing to a fever occasioned by excessive fatigue at the siege of Badajoz. Never was the loss of any officer more deeply and sincerely lamented by his friends and fellow-soldiers. To be employed in fighting the battles of his country was his ruling passion; and in fighting them he had been nobly engaged for the last thirteen years of his life. During that space of time, he served on the several expeditions to the Helder, to Egypt, to South America, to Sweden, under Sir J. Moore, to Portugal and Spain, under the same general, to Zealand, and a second time to the Spanish Peninsula, where he terminated his honourable career. The active mind of Colonel Squire did not content itself with the acquirements proper to his profession only, but was impelled by a large and liberal curiosity to obtain every sort of useful or of interesting knowledge. In all the countries which he visited, he kept a full and accurate journal, not only of military affairs, but of every thing else either curious or

important. It is to Colonel Squire that the literary world owes the discovery of the Inscription upon the pedestal of Pompey's 'Pillar, near Alexandria, which had eluded the ingenuity of all former travellers.

The Catalogue of the Patmos Library, communicated by the MARQUIS of SLIGO; and the Remarks made by Mr. WALPOLE, not only upon this Catalogue', but also upon the Libraries of Greece; will, it is hoped, be considered as valuable additions to this Work. The author is desirous also to mention his obligation to the last of these Gentlemen, for the assistance he has rendered in the illustration of many of the Inscriptions. Nor can he pass in silence the advantages he has derived from the Manuscript Journal of his friend and companion, Mr. CRIPPS; particularly in that part of his Travels which relates to EGYPT; where the continuation

(1) The original copy is written in the form usually adopted by the Modern Greeks in their cursive style; abounding in contractions, and containing many orthographical errors. If the Reader only direct his attention to the title of one Manuscript therein mentioned, namely, that of Diodorus Siculus, he will be convinced of the importance of making further inquiry into the state of the Patmos Library; such, for example, as the French Nation caused to be instituted, when they despatched the celebrated Hellenist, Villoison, to the Monasteries of Mount Athos.

of his own narrative was often interrupted by fatigue or by illness.

A more accurate representation of the appearance of antient Inscriptions upon Greek Marbles, than had appeared in former books of travels, it is presumed has been adopted. For this purpose, a new species of type was invented by the author, and used in former publications. It has already received the approbation of literary men; the Society of Antiquaries having applied to the University of Cambridge for the loan of these types, when engaged in publishing the late Professor Porson's restoration of the celebrated Rosetta Inscription. Considerable attention has also been paid towards making improvement in the Plates: and a new mode of representing Hieroglyphics will be found in the Fac-Simile of a Tablet discovered among the Ruins of Saïs1.

It may, perhaps, be deemed a bold acknowledgment to confess, that the account of Heliopolis, and of the Memphian Pyramids, was written without consulting a single page of Jacob Bryant's "Observations upon the Antient His

(1) See the Quarto Edition.

tory of Egypt." The author has, however, since bestowed all the attention he could command, upon that learned Work; and the perusal of it has made known to him the source of Larcher's opinion concerning a Pseudo-Heliopolis in Arabia, together with his reasons for placing the renowned city of that name in the Delta, although the French writer did not acknowledge whence they were derived. Now the whole of Larcher's pretended discovery, and of Bryant's most elaborate dissertation, may be reduced to a single query; namely, Whether we be at liberty to alter the received text of an antient author, in such a manner, as to transpose the names of two Nomes2? If we be not allowed this freedom, the opinions thereby deduced have no weight. After all the labour bestowed upon the subject, the truth must rest upon the examination of a few brief extracts from Herodotus, Strabo, Ptolemy, and the Itinerary of Antoninus, as compared with the modern geography and existing antiquities of Egypt, with which Bryant was but little acquainted. It will always be urged, to use his own words, that "Strabo was

(2) Heliopolites and Latopolites.

(3) Observations upon Antient History, p. 120. Lond. 1767. So also, p. 123 (Note). "Strabo's authority must be valid: he was an eye-witness of what he speaks of; and seems to have been very inquisitive and exact." Strabo does, however, sometimes describe

countries

upon the spot, and very inquisitive, and very minute and diligent in his description ;" and that "we cannot suppose him to have been grossly mistaken.” Bryant believed that the whole space between the Pelusiac branch of the Nile and the Red Sea was such a sandy waste, that the Israelites never could have inhabited it although he confesses that "the Jews, who, during the Captivity, betook themselves to this country, thought it no despicable spot to settle in :" and although the present cities of Old and New Cairo, by their situation, prove that this district has now the preference, he asserts that there were "no Nomes, nor places of any repute," in that part of Egypt1. "When they were occupied," says he", "it was chiefly by foreigners, who obtained leave of the princes of Egypt to take up their habitation within them." Wherefore it should appear that the presumed allotment of this territory to the Israelites would be strictly consistent with the antient usages of the country.

countries of which he was ignorant, from the reports and writings of others; as in the account he gives of Argolis in Peloponnesus, where he acknowledges this, and proves his want of information, by affirming that there existed in his time no remains of the city of Mycena. (1) See Observations, &c. p. 109.

(2) Ibid. p. 107.