"A shikaree (native hunter) has just come his nearer acquaintance. Now for the coup de into camp to say that a young bullock was carried grace, fire away!' and as he spoke he leaned off yesterday, and is lying half eaten in the jun-forward to take a deliberate aim, when suddenly gle about a mile from this place: so at last, my the front of the howdah gave way, and, to my boy, I shall have the pleasure of introducing you to a real live tiger.'

FRIENDS' REVIEW.

VOL. I.

A RELIGIOUS, LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS JOURNAL.

PHILADELPHIA, ELEVENTH MONTH 20, 1847.

No. 9.

| parte to France in the following year, one act of his ephemeral authority was the abrogation of that traffic; and upon the second restoration of the Bourbon family, the stipulation in favour of the trade was not renewed.

One advantage which the subject of this review endeavoured to derive from his acquaintance with Count Lieven, was to direct his attention to the education of the poor in Russia. At the request of the Count, he drew up in writing a plan for that purpose, to be submitted to the Emperor. Count Lieven appeared deeply interested in the subject, and expressed a belief that the system proposed would be adopted. Thus, we see this indefatigable philanthropist using the influence which circumstances had given him with the great of the world, not in seeking

stantial improvement of our race. It would be difficult to estimate the result of these labours, and it is not necessary that we should. W. Allen was careful to observe the injunction, "In the morning sow thy seed, and in the evening withhold not thine hand, for thou knowest not whether shall prosper this or that, or whether both shall be alike good."

In the conference, upon the presentation of Friends' address to the Emperor of Russia, an allusion is made to the traffic in slaves. It may be noted, that in the definitive treaty between the Allies and France, the latter power was per-favours for himself, but in promoting the submitted to carry on the African slave trade during five years. As the French nation had been prevented, by the superiority of the British navy, from prosecuting that iniquitous traffic during the war which was just closed, this provision amounted to permission to open a new slave-trade among the subjects of Louis XVIII. The London Meeting for Sufferings in consequence concluded to memorialize the two Houses of Parliament on the subject. The address was prepared by W. Allen; but when adopted by the Meeting, and offered for presentation, a difficulty was raised which forcibly illustrates the importance which men in exalted stations sometimes assign to matters which they can regard only as points of etiquette. The address to the House of Peers did not give them their usual title, the "Lords spiritual and temporal," Friends not being free to assign the term spiritual to the clerical branch of that body. As this question involved a principle which Friends considered themselves bound to maintain, and the privilege of addressing both houses of Parliament, when occasion required, was of great importance, considerable efforts were made to introduce the address in a satisfactory form. After considerable debate, the petition, addressed "to the Lords in Parliament assembled," was received, and a precedent thus established. Among the advocates of the measure we find the Duke of Gloucester, the President of the African Institution.

With regard to the slave trade, it may be remarked, that upon the return of Napoleon Buona

In the summer of 1814, S. Grellet, having recently paid a visit to several parts of the Continent, exhibited to Friends at London a number of letters, from which, and his own personal observations, it appeared that many thousands of pious persons in the neighbourhood of Munich in Bavaria, were awakened to a sense of the importance of vital religion and the inefficacy of lifeless forms. They were anxious to promote the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, but were not satisfied with their own translation, and fearful that one received from England would meet with insuperable opposition. They were therefore making a translation for themselves: but the poverty to which they had been reduced by the pressure of war, disabled them from completing it without some assistance. Friends, in consequence, agreed to raise a subscription for this purpose, and for the relief of those who were suffering persecution. A committee, of whom W. Allen was one, was selected to correspond with them.

In the early part of the following year (1815) some interesting letters were received from those people. Of these, the following sufficiently

prove, that in that Roman Catholic country, and among the clerical order, there were some who were desirous of disseminating the Holy Scriptures, without adulteration or concealment. The first was signed by eight Roman Catholies, six of whom were priests; and the other was from a priest to a person in Munich.

"I am very sorry that you have not sent me some Bibles, and some of that book called the Heart of Man.' The desire for this book among my people is so great that I am at a loss how to satisfy them. Brethren, we must now lose no time. It is the time of God's salvation which he hath given. Do, do your best, all of "Encouraged by the brotherly visit of our you, to let us have the scriptures and the books dear friend Stephen Grellet, of North America, I have mentioned. I have occasion every week we address ourselves to you, our dear friends, for some of them; there is more and more stirto acquaint you with our undertaking, and to ring both of good and evil; persecution is apsolicit your prayers, as well as your active proaching, but at the same time the hunger for assistance. As we have now tasted how good the truth increases, and the number of sincere the Lord is, and know, from experience, how believers is augmented from day to day. I beg it infinitely rich and happy the incomparable know- therefore of you, and of all the brethren in Christ, ledge of Jesus Christ renders every one who who are interested in the good work, to supply esteems all things, in comparison therewith, but us every week with as many Bibles as they can. as loss and as dross, we wish that all men, but It is now that they do good more especially, the especially our countrymen and fellow-professors, people being eager for them; without this it may become acquainted therewith. To this would be of little avail to distribute them. Volk end, wherever a door is opened, and an oppor- and my family salute you as brethren-may the tunity is presented, both when we speak and grace of God increase and be established in all when we write, we bear testimony to Christ, of us, through the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus and declare that in him alone is salvation. At Christ. Amen." the same time, we feel the loss which the inhabitants sustain from not being in possession of the written word of God, from being unable to read in the wonderful book of the Lord, what we testify to them, and what they have, in some degree, known by experience.

"We have ample proof how the poor would rejoice, how delighted they would be, how their faith would be strengthened and confirmed, if they had the means of reading in the Bible of what they inwardly feel, or believe from the testimony of others. Our care and attention will be principally employed in faithfully editing the pure, uncorrupted written word of God, without any addition, commentary, or interpretation. As it has been our privilege not to believe in men, but in God and his word, we have no desire by human additions, to deceive or blind others, and to lead them from the true light. We heartily unite with every one who reveres the Bible, in the wish to put it into the hands of our brethren, as it came from God, and was penned by the evangelists and apostles. There are many who can afford to purchase the New Testament at a low price, but a much greater number to whom it must be given. Our native country is almost exhausted and impoverished by the repeated plunder and requisitions of the French, and by the taxes and enormous burdens of the war during the last twenty years; but many are become more hungry and solicitous for the written word of God. The field is indeed extensive, but the seed is insufficient and scarce. May the means be put into our power to cover the field with seed; stretch out to us your liberal hands; grant us what God may direct, who has in his abundant mercy blessed you. You give it to him who has made us poor and hungry for his word."

About this time the attention of W. Allen was called to a subject with which he was evidently deeply interested. It was found that the metropolis was infected by a number of youthful of fenders, from nine to twelve years of age; their

number was estimated at six or seven hundred. The species of crime to which they were addicted are not clearly explained; but we find that young as they were, the sanguinary laws then in force, declared some of them capital, and that the sentence of death was actually pronounced upon some of these juvenile criminals. We are not informed whether this barbarous sentence was, in any of these cases, carried into execution. From some expressions in the diary, it may be inferred that they were generally addicted to stealing, and this was probably their principal offence. As such crimes, when committed by children, are usually the result of destitution or evil example, a society was formed, of which the subject of this review was one, who made vigorous exertions to acquaint themselves with the circumstances of these youths, and to promote the needful efforts for their reformation. The subject is frequently noticed in the diary, in terms which sufficiently indicate the solicitude of our friend for the redemption of this neglected class. In this, as in his other engagements for improving the condition of his fellow men, he was evidently stimulated by an apprehension of duty. And we can scarcely doubt that an acquaintance with these miserable outcasts of society, and the knowledge that a want of proper instruction was the principal cause of their vicious course, gave additional ardour to the zeal with which he availed himself of every opportunity to improve and extend the education of the poor. With this view he appears to have maintained an extensive corres

pondence with persons residing in various parts of the world. His labours in this line extended to Russia, France, Hayti and Sierra Leone.

pally be carried on, by private individuals, with
little or no assistance from the government. But
in Russia these impediments do not exist, and
her present enlightened Emperor has it in his
power to set the world an example, which must
produce the most striking effect."
(To be continued.)

The sentiments of W. Allen on the importance of educating the poor, and the opposition to his enlarged and benevolent efforts, which arose from religious intolerance, are clearly and forcibly expressed in a letter to Count Lieven, the Russian ambassador, from which the following Abridged from the North British Review, for Friends' Review.

extract is made:

CHINA.

"The vast importance of educating the children of the poorest classes of the people, has so deeply China is undoubtedly the most singular counimpressed my mind, that I consider it my duty, try in the world. Possessing a population as long as I live, to do all in my power to pro-amounting to at least a third of the whole human mote it, not only in my own country, but in race, and occupying a vast yet continuous and every other. In England, it is only within these well defined portion of the globe, it has existed few years that the public have been convinced, as a peculiar and entirely secluded kingdom for that the crime and misery, which abound among a longer period of time than any other nation on our poor, are chiefly to be ascribed to the neg- the face of the earth. While migrations and lect of their education; and now, notwithstanding wars and foreign conquests were making vast all that has been done, it appears, by inquiry, changes on the rest of the world-while nations that in Great Britain alone, exclusive of her were rising up from barbarism, flourishing for a colonies, some hundreds of thousands of the season, and then sinking into insignificance, the poor are growing up to the state of men and Chinese held on in one uniform tenor-with the women without any education at all, and are same arts, the same government, the same laws, liable to become an easy prey to temptation and unchanged and uninterrupted, except by casual vice. To this cause we may, in a great measure, outbreaks and tumults within themselves, which attribute the crowded state of our prisons, and were soon calmed and smoothed over. While the prevalence of crime among the lower orders. many mighty nations of the Western world The gradual progress of the efforts of the British were still in a state of comparative barbarism, and Foreign School Society, and other societies the Chinese had their various arts to embellish with a similar object, are, however, proceeding domestic life, they were clothed in their silks towards remedying the evil. But the opposition and cottons-were expert in the culture of the encountered from those who have never con- soil-knew something of the nature of the magsidered this subject in its true point of view-netic compass-of gunpowder, and various other more especially from those who are bigoted to inventions still unheard of in Europe. some particular system of religion, and would prefer, that the poor should remain ignorant, unless they could, at the same time, be educated in their particular creed, renders the labour of the real friends to their country, and to mankind, much greater than it ought to be. If our govern- | ment were but to act upon this grand principlethat as long as individuals proved themselves good subjects of the state, and were zealously disposed to promote obedience to the ruling authorities in all civil concerns, and the comfort and happiness of their fellow-citizens, they should be encouraged in their endeavour to promote works of public utility, particularly in the general education of the poor,-England would, I doubt not, in the course of a very few years, exhibit to the nations a pattern of morality and virtue: the united energies of all good men would be directed to one point, and with an irresistible effort. But, unfortunately, in this country it is thought of more importance to support one particular establishment of religion, than to attend to the most efficacious plans for producing habits of morality and virtue in the great mass of the people, which, in all countries, is made up of the labouring class. Thus is England situated; and here this great work must princi

The extreme caution of their natures, a certain timid and exclusive policy, which has all along characterized their intercourse with surrounding nations, as much, perhaps, as their self-conceit, which made them look down upon all others as barbarians, had the effect of keeping them for so long a time in such a state of singular seclusion. At last, however, the spell has been broken; an almost unavoidable war of aggression has done for them, what wars and conquests seem to have been the chief agents in performing among all the nations of the world-it has opened up this vast empire to the intercourse, and influence, and example of other races, and other modes of civilization. If it be not good for man to live alone, neither is it for nations; for we find that the same narrow, contracted, and selfish notions, which arise in the solitary and secluded indidividual, are no less apt to take possession of a whole community. Hence the exclusive jealousy of strangers, the vain boasting, and ignorance of the manners and history of all other nations, so conspicuous in the Chinese.

Hitherto our information regarding the actual state of China has been derived from the hasty survey of ambassadors quickly passing through it, or the casual reports of a few missionaries