disgraced, and kept us down, and which now | asks for its support the overthrow of our wise form of government, is no more to be tolerated. Our interests, our peace, our safety, demand its extirpation.' I do not believe it is good policy for the slaveholders to let their neighbours hear them talk of disunion. Unless I read very stupidly the signs of the times, it will not be the Union they will thus endanger, but the interest to which they would sacrifice it. If they insist that both cannot live together, they may be taken at their word, but IT IS THE UNION THAT MUST STAND." For Friends' Review. LETTERS OF JONATHAN HUTCHINSON. This Friend was born at Gedney in Lincolnshire, in 1760, of parents who educated him in the principles of our excellent profession, and with whom he grew up, enjoying the privileges of rural retirement and the simplicity of pastoral life. The period between his leaving school and manhood, was, he says, "strongly characterized by the sins and follies to which youth and inexperience are so peculiarly liable." He appears "to have been left to explore in much solitude the depth and the misery of fallen nature, in its greatest bitterness." Yet through the adorable goodness and mercy of our Heavenly Father, he was not left to himself, but was brought into such distress of mind, that, though hope had almost "taken its departure," he was induced to call upon his God, and cry earnestly for deliverance from the thraldom of sin, and the cruel grasp of his soul's enemy. He did not ask in vain. He who came to seek and to save that which was lost, had mercy on him; severe afflictions were blessed to him, and through the baptizing influences of the Holy Spirit, his will was brought into subjection to the Divine will, and to use his own language respecting himself, his "poor soul was placed in a capacity to endeavour to know and to do the will of God." loved to lead his hearers from created beauty, to reflect on that perfection which is without beginning, and will have no end." The evening before his death he spent very cheerfully with his family, and retired to rest as well as usual. About two in the morning, he was seized with violent pain in the chest, which continued with but little intermission for about an hour. During this time he was perfectly sensible, and at times supplicated for ease. This was mercifully granted about three, and after a few minutes of peaceful tranquillity, he gently ceased to breathe on the first of the fourth month, 1835, in the seventy-sixth year of his age.' Extracts from his letters were published in London-the copy before the writer, in 1844and edited by our friend Josiah Forster, of Tottenham. There is much instructive matter contained in them, and it is intended to offer occasionally to the editor, some of the letters for insertion in the Review. The following, under date of 2d mo. 21, 1823, is addressed to Sarah Squire. T. U. 6 "I can feel for thee under the buffeting of Satan, whereof, in the shape of a wandering imagination, thou so pathetically complained. This mode of his attack, including both the roaring of the lion, the subtlety of the serpent, and many nameless presentations, is in itself no new or strange thing, though in appearance both new, strange, and terrific to the individual who has not been much, if at all, accustomed to such conflicts. I was early acquainted with them myself, so that before reaching twenty years of age, I was almost driven to distraction. The short petition, Lord! help me,' which thou hast mentioned as one that has sometimes escaped thee when under deep trial, has forcibly reminded me of perhaps the first fervent prayer I ever put up,-not in a temple made with hands,--not in any congregation assembled for worship,-but in solitude, under the magnificent canopy of the In the year 1809, not long after the decease of overarching heavens, and with a retired corner his wife, while accompanying Deborah Darby of a haystack for my altar: here I cast myself on a religious visit in the neighbourhood of in great agitation on my knees, and exclaimed, Gedney, he first spoke as a minister of the Gos-If there be a God in heaven, I pray thee help pel. His "ministry was not in many words, but under a feeling of Divine requiring, and it found great acceptance with his friends." His public petitions at the throne of grace, it is said, "were solemn and reverent, in few words: and being offered in the Spirit, often tended to spread a spirit of supplication over the meeting." His conversation was instructive; "he was particularly careful not to reflect upon the failings of others," and thus his gentle, retiring manners, greatly endeared him to his friends. He loved to address himself to the youth, and in the hours of social enjoyment," a shell, a stone, or a seemingly insignificant plant, would furnish him with a subject on which instructively to dilate; for he me.' "Nor was this the only period of my life in which I have been thus pursued by him who is described as 'going about,' &c.—who was permitted to prove Job, to withstand Joshua, and even to tempt the dear Son of God himself; for since I have been more decidedly endeavouring to serve and to please my Creator, and to be what he would have me to be, I have sometimes been thus hunted, from day to day, and from place to place. Once in particular I recollect, when on a little turn-out with two women Friends, who were travelling in the work of the ministry, I was grievously tried with wandering thoughts from meeting to meeting; my very soul 6 abhorred them, and at length a language to this effect sprang up in the secret of my heart, If I have sinned, I pray Thee, forgive me; but if these things are for the trial of my faith and patience, I submit.' Upon this the enemy vanished, and I was enabled to pursue the remainder of my journey in satisfaction and peace; and it is somewhat remarkable how useful I find the remembrance of this circumstance, even to the present time, so much so, that when followed, and might we not almost say insulted, by this malignant spirit, I can generally by prayer and patience foil, or at least silence him. "Although no consideration ought to reconcile us to sin, there are, I think, several which may prevent our being too much surprised at temptation, or from viewing it as a thing inconsistent with our probationary state, of which, perhaps, speaking after the manner of men, it might be almost said to form an integral part, wherefore, Blessed is the man that endureth it; To him that overcometh will I give,' &c. But if there were no such thing as temptation, there would be none to endure, and were there no opposition, there would be nothing to overcome. Were there none of these, there could be neither warfare nor victory, nor is it probable we should have been favoured with a promise and declaration, which I consider as one of the most precious left us on sacred record: Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth.' "Do not think, however, that I would assume the office of a preacher to thee. I am only giving thee a leaf of my experience, to help thee against our common enemy, in a case wherein I have had, and may yet have, many a combat with him. For thou hast not been mistaken in supposing, that notwithstanding my being further advanced in age than thyself, yet I find amidst the vicissitudes which surround me, stormy night seasons, which not unfrequently, either to my weakness or my impatience, perhaps to both, seem long, dark and dreary. Yet, like thyself, I have nothing of which I would complain; rather let me respond to thy sweet and moving ejaculation, O that the good Pilot may guard and protect us!' and let us endeavour to be of good cheer. I hope and trust He will.” From the North American and U. S. Gazette. GIRARD MINERAL ESTATE. The several tracts which are comprised in this Estate, were bought by, and under the direction of the late Stephen Girard of the city of Philadelphia, and by him they were bequeathed to that city, and are now known as the "City" or "Girard" Coal Lands. The Estate is situated in Schuylkill and Columbia Counties. It lies in the Shamokin and | Mahanoy Coal Regions, and embraces the former to a small, the latter to a great extent. The Estate comprises coal, iron, timber, and farming lands. That part of it in which the coal lies, is on the head waters of the Shanodoah, a branch of Mahanoy, and on the head waters of the Mahanoy Creek. These streams with their several branches run west, and intersect each other in the southwestern part of the City Coal Lands, their confluence being on the east side of Girardsville. The head waters of Little Cattawissa Creek, the head waters of Mine Run, and the head waters of Roaring Creek, are in the northwestern part of this Estate. In the southeastern part of the City Coal Lands rise the head waters of the Little Schuylkill. The timber and farming lands, being the northeastern portion of the Estate, are intersected by the waters of Cattawissa Creek, and its tributary branches. The " Girard" or "City" Coal Lands are divided into seventy contiguous tracts, which are severally distinguished by the names of the respective warrantees. The total area of the estate is upwards of twenty-eight thousand acres, twenty-five thousand acres of which contain coal and iron ore, the remaining portion is composed of farming and timber lands. There are thirteen tracts in the southeastern part of the "Girard,” or "City" Coal Lands, in which Messrs. Alter and Stevenson, of Philadelphia, own an undivided fourth part, in common with the city of Philadelphia. That part of the Girard Lands which contains the coal, embraces a run of fifteen miles upon the course of the coal strata. The eastern and western portions of the estate command the entire width of the coal field-the central part contains the northern portion of the coal basin. The second, or middle Anthracite Region, is, as before observed, divided into the Mahanoy and Shamokin coal fields. These contain several elongated axes of the coal strata from east to west. The most northern axis in the central part of the middle Anthracite Region, as regards its length, is synclinal, the coal strata forming a basin between Big Mountain on the north, and Coal Run Ridge on the south. To this basin belong the coal veins now in operation at Shamokin Gap. The coal strata of this synclinal axis, or basin, extend into the northwestern part of the Girard Lands, and in this estate, a short distance east from its west boundary line, the coal strata, of this axis basin out-the bottom part of the basin, becomes more and more elevated, until the bottom vein of coal crops out, encircling the table land between the head waters of Shamokin and those of Roaring Creek; further east the mountain chain forming the northern boundary of this coal basin, westward, becomes depressed, and the coal strata are therefore discontinued. The second axis of coal veins is formed between Coal Run Ridge and Mine Ridge. This axis is continued with great regularity through | property of the citizens of Philadelphia, in which the City Coal Lands. The third axis of coal veins lies between Mine Ridge and Locust Mountain. This axis likewise continues with great regularity through the Girard Estate. The fourth, or southern axis of coal veins, of this great coal formation, is between Locust Mountain and Mahanoy Mountain. It basins out in a similar manner to the first described or northern axis, terminating a rounded end on the summit land, in the southeastern part of the Girard estate, between the head waters of Mahanoy and Little Schuylkill. The lowermost coal veins in the basins of this extensive coal region, Mahanoy and Shamokin, are of great thickness, and yield coal of an exceedingly pure quality. The mineral strata crop out high up the sides of the mountains, and in some places they lap over, making a continuous vein from one basin to the other. Where this is the case the anticlinal axis of the coal vein is only observable in the ravines, where the cross streams have cut the hills at right angles to the range of the strata. Anticlinal axes or saddles of coal may be expected to exist in the Girard or City Coal Lands; therefore an incredible, and I may with safety add, an inexhaustible amount of coal, lies above water level in this estate, which, from the unbroken nature of the strata, and freeness from fault, as indicated by the uniform regularity of the surface, may be mined at very low rates, and will yield, when in operation, a revenue to the city of Philadelphia far beyond the yield of any other property in the possession of that corpo ration. In consideration of the foregoing facts-facts which cannot be questioned-facts which any intelligent miner, any person at all conversant with Geology must coincide with-in consideration of these facts, can this, will this invaluable mineral estate be suffered to remain idle, in consequence of its being shut out from market, for the want of some five or six miles of railroad to make it the most profitable estate, with judicious management, ever held by any corporation under the sun? each and every citizen is interested, and will be benefitted by the great revenue it will yield when the coal and iron ore veins are opened, leased and in work-and not only the citizens of Philadelphia, but the whole country around the estate will reap advantages from it when brought into operation-should be immediately and ceasingly persevered in, until this very necessary and very desirable work is accomplished. un To enable the citizens of Philadelphia-the owners of the extensive mineral estate,-the "Girard" or "City" Coal Lands,-to form some idea of the value thereof, its extent and capabilities are compared with other anthracite estates, in the Schuylkill and Lehigh coal fields, now in their infancy as regards their future value, by the following facts, which are respectfully submitted for their consideration. In a pamphlet published by C. G. Childs, Esq., the able editor of the Philadelphia Commercial List, a table is inserted with the names and cost of the canals and railroads leading to the mines, from which are extracted the following items: Mauch Chunk Railroad-from Summit Beaver Meadow Railroad-From the Hazleton Railroad to Lehigh Canal, 10 $200,000 $600,000 $360,000 $120,000 $40,000 $70,000 $270,000 The Lehigh Company's railway between the mines and Mauch Chunk, where the coal is shipped on the canal, is a series of inclined planes. The Beaver Meadow Railroad has two inclined planes, and the Buck Mountain Company's Road has inclined planes. The "Girard" or "City" coal lands may be connected at New Boston, the head of the Mill Creek Railroad, by constructing a railroad of some five to six miles, By the construction of some five or six miles of railroad, a continuation from the terminus of the road, which will be completed this year up to New Boston, on Broad Mountain, the City anthracite coal lands, containing coal in inex-without an inclined plane. haustible quantities, of the very best quality, and iron ore in abundance, would be connected, without an inclined plane, with the Reading RailRoad, the Schuylkill Navigation. and the Atlantic Ocean. The construction of so short a line of railroad by which such incalculable advantages will be gained, by one and all, the citizens of Philadelphia, ought not to be longer delayed. The opening to market of this invaluable and unequalled coal and iron estate, the The surface area of the City coal lands is four times as large as the estate of the Lehigh Company within the coal field; it is twenty times as large as that portion of the Beaver Meadow estate within the coal field; twenty times as large as that of the Hazleton Company, and so with the other estates named in the list-and the whole of these estates combined, which cost upwards of one million of dollars to open them to market, are not more than one half the extent of jackets, pantaloons, frocks, bonnets, shoes, &c., among ragged children. Some who had never possessed a pair of shoes, were here supplied with them; and many who came covered with rags, were sent home clad in a decent suit. But this plan of distributing was found to create jealousies and hard feelings on the part of some of the scholars; so that now when clothing is needed it is taken to their homes. We found some of the boys almost in a wild state, and for a long time it was very difficult to manage them. Others we have never been able to bring into the school at all. the "Girard" coal lands, owned by the citizens | of the school on Sabbath evenings distributing of Philadelphia;-and in addition to this the thickness and number of the coal veins in the same area of surface, in the City coal lands, far outstrip several of the properties before named. The coal in the estate, the property of the city of Philadelphia, is in character and quality similar to the best on the Lehigh, and taking into consideration the advantages for draining the mines, the regularity of the strata, the abundance of timber, and many other natural facilities, it is presumed that the coal may be mined at very low rates, and as every indication exists in favour of an abundant supply of iron ore within the limits of the coal field, the value of the city coal lands One Sabbath, several months since, as we must be enhanced far beyond what we can pos- were wending our way to the little school-house, sibly conceive-for where the material is, and we saw, as usual, a group of boys at play. The that in abundance, as is the case here, and the place they had chosen for their amusement was only legitimate place for iron making being in a steam saw-mill. They had often been rethe coal field, blast furnaces will be built, and proved for similar conduct, and urged to attend with these, towns and villages will spring up, the Sabbath-school, and it did not surprise us with manufactories, workshops and stores. that on perceiving our approach they scattered. These things duly considered, we cannot esti- Some hid under the mill, others behind timber mate the great and ever-increasing value that and plank, so that when we reached the spot it must follow the opening to market of the coal was apparently deserted. Knowing from past and iron ore lands, in the Mahanoy and Shamo-experience that all efforts to persuade them to kin coal regions, the property of the citizens of Philadelphia. WM. F. ROBERTS, Engineer of Mines. Danville, Feb. 1, 1848. From the Sunday School Journal. A SUNDAY-SCHOOL IN A DARK CELLAR. Before relating the incident to which I am about to call the reader's attention, I must give you a short account of the Bethlehem SundaySchool, with which that incident is connected. This school is situated on the bank of the Ohio river in the upper part of this city, in a neighbourhood chiefly composed of poor people, many of whose children have no other instruction than that which they receive on the Sabbath. The school was commenced three years ago, and has been sustained by members of several different evangelical denominations, who, at the expense of much self-denial at all seasons and in all kinds of weather, have been found at their posts endeavouring to point these ignorant but immortal pupils to the "Lamb of God who taketh away the sin of the world." There was at one time in the school a class of adult females, who manifested much anxiety to learn to read. It was truly interesting to see these poor mothers (some of them with their infants in their arms) sitting down with the children to learn their alphabet. Six who commenced with their letters learned to read, and two of the number, we trust, were led to see their lost condition, and to flee to Jesus for refuge. But the spiritual welfare of the scholars, though the first, was not the only object of solicitude. During the first year, it was not uncommon to see teachers at the close accompany us would be useless, we addressed to one or two of them a few admonitory words, and passed on. The school was thinly attended, and at its close one inquired, what shall be done for those wicked boys? The following plan was agreed upon. The male teachers, three in number, were to visit the saw-mill; two were to pass around to the farther end of the building to prevent the egress of the boys in that direction, while the third was to enter in front. Thus we were giving them a Sunday-school on their own ground. But when we reached the place not a boy was to be found. We knew their habits too well to suppose they had retired quietly to their homes. The probability was that, foreseeing our return, they had changed their place of amusement. With heavy hearts we passed on, and soon came to a large unoccupied building. At an open cellar door stood a boy, evidently watching our movements, and communicating the result of his observations to some one below; we entered and found ourselves in a large room some forty or fifty feet long, and perhaps one-third as wide, entirely under ground, with no light excepting that which came in at the entrance! Not an object was visible; but we perceived by a slight tittering at the farther end of the room, that the objects of our search were there. One of our number addressed them respecting their wicked course, and reminded them that though they were hid here from our view, the eye of God was upon them, and that he could not only see their bodies, but could tell all their thoughts. The speaker then related the history of one whose early course strikingly resembled that which these boys were now pursuing, and who ended his career on the gallows! At the commencement of this narrative, one or two of the boys came out and stood near the speaker. One by one they left their hiding place, till all stood in a line before us, eager listeners. We then offered up a short prayer, during which we thought some of the boys wept; and before we left, all promised to attend Sabbath-school regularly, and they kept their promise. The school now numbers sixty scholars and twelve teachers, and if no other good had been accomplished than that which we have received in our own hearts, we should be amply repaid for our trouble; but we trust that much other good has been done. God has evidently blessed our labours, and to his name be all the praise. P. CROPS IN 1847. A Washington correspondent of the Courier and Enquirer gives the following particulars from the forthcoming annual report of the Commissioner of Patents. No year is mentioned in the letter, but 1847 is doubtless intended:Grains, &c. Bushels. Indian Corn crop throughout the Rye crop throughout the Union, sets in sods of cranberries ten or twelve inches square. Mr. Gardner, of Nantucket, has cultivated them on Nantucket Island, with great success in the following manner: He selects a spot of ground that will keep rather moist throughout the season-takes off the top soil two inches deep-(an easier method would be to plough the land four or five inches deep, completely turning over the furrow ;) he then ploughs and harrows the ground-strikes out drills twenty inches apart-enriches with swamp muck, and sets out the plants four inches apart in the drills. Others are set out in hills, by putting a small sod of vines four feet apart each way. By any of the above methods no cultivation is needed after the first year, and in two or three years the vines completely cover the ground. Rakes are now made in Massachusetts for the express purpose of gathering cranberries, with which one man gathers fifty bushels in a day. If by raking, a few vines are pulled up, it is an advantage, as it loosens the ground and acts as a partial cultivation. After being gathered, the fruit is passed through a fanning mill, to free 540,000,000 them from any leaves or pieces of vines that 31,850,000 may have come off in raking. After this, if there are any bruised ones in a 11,674,000 lot, they may be run over a platform slightly inBarley crop throughout the Union, 5,735,000 clined, on which should be nailed crossways a Oat crop throughout the Union, 288,530,000 few pieces of common plastering lath-the Potato crop throughout the Union, 97,018,000 bruised fruit will not run off, but is gathered up This last crop, (Potatoes,) it seems, has very and thrown away or sold at a reduced price. much diminished in consequence of the rot, which deserves the attention of the Government. The report of the Commissioner may contain some valuable suggestions on the subject. From the Pennsylvania Inquirer. It is rather singular that the first cranberries were cultivated in England, by the late Sir Joseph Banks, who, in 1813, produced 3 bushels from a bed eighteen feet square. S. Bates of Billingham, Massachusetts, has cultivated this fruit for several years on dry soil with the utmost success-the fruit being double the usual size. Mr. B.'s method is to plough his land-strike out drills twenty inches apart, into which he puts a quantity of swamp muck-then sets out the plants in these drills four or five inches apart-hoeing them the first season. Capt. Henry Hall, of Barnstable, has cultivated this fruit for more than twenty years. His method is to spread on his swampy grounds a quantity of sand or gravel to kill the grass-then dig shallow holes four feet apart each way, and When the fruit is to be shipped to Europe or Asia, put them in new tight casks, and fill up with water; they will arrive at their destination in perfect order. During a winter as mild as the present, the land might be put in order, and the plant put into the ground at any time from the opening of spring until the tenth of May. Philadelphia, Feb 2, 1848. B. G. Boswell. Lieut. Burke, of the Bombay Engineers, has published a pamphlet, in which he states, that one of the salt beds of Scinde contains an area of 300 miles of salt, of an average thickness of 3 feet, or a supply equal to the consumption of 100,000,000 of people for 1600 years.-Journ. of Commerce. HYMN TO THE FLOWERS. BY HORACE SMITH. Day-stars! that ope your eyes with man, to twinkle Ye matin worshippers! who bending lowly Before the uprisen sun, God's lidless eye, |