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MARRIED,-At Friends' Meeting House, in Millville, Orleans Co., N. Y., on Fourth day, the 23d of Second month last, JOHN W. WEAVER to ANN E., daughter of Jonathan Taber, all of that vicinity.

DIED,-Near Smithfield, Ohio, (of paralysis,) on the 21st of Third month, MARY M., wife of Samuel Carr, an esteemed member of Smithfield Monthly Meeting, in the 51st year of her age.

At her residence in Mahoning Co., Ohio, on the 24th of Twelfth month last, aged 75 years, PRISCILLA STANLEY, a member of Upper Springfield Monthly Meeting, and widow of Thomas Stanley, formerly of Hanover Co., Virginia. She bore her last illness with much patience, manifesting resignation to the Divine will.

sufficient to qualify a man for the ministry of the deduce a lesson from it, to which they may occagospel. And if an education in one of those semi-sionally recur with advantage in a future day. naries could not confer such qualification, the infer- Had the vindictive passion which was spent upon ence was inevitable, that it could not be derived the innocent gosling been indulged, it might easily from schools or colleges at all. Here a principle have been transferred to the owners; and a series was recognized which, if generally admitted, must of unkind and irritating transactions arisen from prostrate the whole system of ecclesiastical usurpa- this trifling event. A story is somewhere told, the tion. A power before which the mightiest potentates particulars of which are not distinctly recollected, of of christendom had quailed, was threatened with two Indian tribes, located near each other; anong total annihilation by the simple principles proclaim- whom a quarrel arose, commencing with the chiled and defended by George Fox and his friends. dren, and eventually involving the nations in a Upon any estimate which human sagacity could desolating war. The origin of the controversy apform, the attack upon this fabric of human inven- pears to have been of as little importance as the tions, was a more formidable attempt than either of destruction of the gosling, or the treading down of those to which our previous observations apply. the farmer's grass. But George Fox did not stop to calculate probabilities. He made no compromises with his conscientious convictions. His path was a plain one: to do what he saw to be his duty, and leave the consequences to Divine disposal. The hierarchy was assailed by the learning and genius of Milton, but George Fox and his coadjutors brought an engine to bear upon it, which was more powerful than logic or sarcasm. They met the clerical demands by a determination of purpose which nothing less than religious conviction could support. They did not attempt to wrest by violence the ecclesiastical power from the hands that held it, but they manifested the depth of their convictions, by patiently suffering the penalties of the law. Power gained by violence, might be regained by similar means; but a cause advocated and maintained by suffering and Christian forbearance, was recommended to the consciences of beholders. As the great system of ecclesiastical usurpation is considered by Friends as one of the most conspicuous results of the apostacy, the maintenance of a free gospel ministry has always been held as one of our indispensable testimonies. And what has been the result of the stand first made by our primitive Friends? It is well known that many of those who This school is located in a healthy and plearemoved at an early day to the western world, were sant part of the Prince Edward District, about closely wedded to their particular systems of ecclesi- three miles west of the town of Pictou, to which astical power; and that numerous efforts were made place there is a communication daily, while the to engraft them on the forms of government estab-navigation is open. The establishment consists ed on this side of the Atlantic. But at the present of a farm of one hundred acres, with suitable day, with a population of nearly twenty millions, buildings for the accommodation of about twentyFunds were obtained five pupils of each sex. the people of the United States acknowledge no for its procurement by subscription, and although ecclesiastic jurisdiction of an involuntary character the society in Canada subscribed liberally, yet it The people are at liberty to perform their worship is questionable whether they would have been in the manner best suited to their religious persua- able to obtain the requisite means but for the sion, and to support such ministry and ministers as liberal assistance of the late J. J. Gurney and they conscientiously approve. Is not this a triumph other English Friends. In the years 1845 and of the principles of Quakerism in one of our most 1846, the school received additional donations essential points? from the same source, to the amount of about $500, for the purpose of placing children at the school whose parents were not able to defray the whole of the expense themselves. The school has been in successful operation for six years,

Perhaps some of our readers may consider the little goose story which we have inserted, as rather trifling; but we apprehend our juvenile friends may

On Sixth day, the 10th of last month, of pulmonary disease, in the 27th year of her age, SARAH ANN, daughter of Thomas Shinn, of Mahoning Co., Ohio, a member of Goshen Preparative Meeting.

For Friends' Review. FRIENDS' BOARDING SCHOOL-CANADA

WEST.

and thus far, by good economy, has been able to sustain itself, though the terms of admittance are exceedingly low, being for Friends' children, only $55 for girls and $65 for boys, per annum, with an additional charge of $5 for those whose parents are not members. The course of instruction is intended to give the pupils a good English education. From the report of the School Committee to the Half-Year's Meeting, it appears that the number of boarders at the school within the past year was 81-boys 38, girls 43; members 44, average attendance 27, which shows that many attended for only a short time. This is much to be regretted, as little benefit can be derived in so limited a period.

In few sections of our Society is there a greater need of schools of this character than in Canada; and it is very desirable that there should be an increasing disposition among Friends in that quarter to avail themselves of the opportunity, thus and not otherwise afforded, of giving their children the advantages of a suitable education.

Orleans Co., N. Y., 3d mo., 1848.

J. H. H.

For Friends' Review. TO PREVENT ANNOYANCE FROM YOUR NEIGHBOUR'S GEESE.

Feeling much disposed to make a visit to my old friend * as well as to breathe some country air, I left the city one afternoon, and by sundown found myself seated between him and his wife on their spacious piazza, enjoying a delightful moonlight evening.

The next morning, whilst leisurely surveying his farm, we came to a point in his meadow on the bank of the *** creek, when he remarked, I seldom pass this spot without recollecting an occurrence which here took place in 1834. I requested him to oblige me by a relation of it; when he continued: After purchasing this farm I found that my predecessor had been greatly annoyed by the frequent inroads of his neighbour's geese, and that the prospect was fair that I should be subject to the same inconvenience. Knowing the character of my neighbours, and being truly desirous to live peaceably with them, as often as I met the trespassing geese I quietly drove them into the creek, (which formed our division line,) and endeavoured to make the best of the matter. But one morning in the 6th mo., just as the grass was fit for mowing, I espied the intruders, and observing the damage my grass had sustained from them, I seized a withered limb which had fallen from a tree hard by, and commenced a hot pursuit. The flock immediately took to the water, and my only chance for revenge was to hurl my stick after them, which was done with a zeal worthy a better cause, and with fatal precision. A fine gosling was instantly killed and carried off by the current, whilst the remainder of the flock gained the opposite bank

uninjured. Immediately I looked round in order to ascertain whether I had been observed, and finding the deed was known only to myself, I gave way to a conviction fast rising within me, which pointed the course for me to pursue. I hurried up to my house, put my purse in my pocket, and made my way to my neighbour's. An elderly woman was the head of the house, and she was the first person I met with. Having some little acquaintance, she civilly invited me to a seat. Her astonishment was great on my asking her whether she would sell me a gosling. " Why, Mr. W., you are certainly not in earnest in wishing to buy a gosling." I assured her that was my object in coming. She replied, "I never heard of anybody buying a gosling, for everyone knows they will fret themselves to death if taken from the goose." I then added, I thought she might now feel quite easy if, after this information I still persisted in buying one. With becoming reluctance she then named her price, which was promptly paid. She then asked me what I intended to do with it. I informed her how it had already been disposed of-expressed my sincere regret for the occurrence, as well as her kindness to me on the occasion. We then pleasantly parted, and from that time to the present I have not been molested by my neighbour's geese.

As some of the young readers of the Review may profit by this excellent example of my country friend, I feel disposed to offer it to the editor, and remain a gratified and constant

Philadelphia, 3d mo., 1848.

HYDRAULIC TELEGRAPH.

READER.

We lately inspected a new species of telegraph, produced from the action of water, patented by Mr. Jowett, which appears to us very simple and ingenious, and is likely to excite some attention, both from its own merits and from the interest which is taken in this means of communication at present. The idea of using water as a medium by which to communicate from place to place, arose from its well-known incompressibility, and we find Mr. Jowett quoting, in his prospectus, from Dr. Lardner, the following passage, which conveys the leading feature of his invention:

"A pressure excited on the liquid at one end of the tube will be communicated to any surface in contact with the liquid at the other end, whether the tube between the two extremities be straight, curved, or angular, or whether it pass upwards, downwards, or in an oblique or horizontal di rection. It may be carried through the walls of a building, through the course of a river, under, over, or around any obstruction or impediment, or, in fact, according to any course or direction whatsoever. If a tube, filled with water, be extended from London to York, a pressure

excited

on the liquid at the extremity in London would present electric telegraph greater economy in be instantaneously transmitted to the extremity construction to the extent of two-thirds, no exat York." There is, perhaps, a limit to this pense whatever after the first outlay, and the doctrine, where curves and undulations are to be impossibility of any physical impediment interovercome, and also from the cohesive power offering with its working. The plan, whether

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generally adopted or not, is certainly well worthy of attention, and no one can examine the model without being struck with the principle which it so beautifully illustrates.-Post.

THE OUTSIDE PASSENGER.

Some years ago a young lady, who was going into a northern county, took a seat in a stagecoach. For many miles she rode alone; but there was enough to amuse her in the scenery through which she passed, and in the pleasing anticipations that occupied her mind. She had been engaged as governess for the grandchildren of an Earl, and was now travelling to his seat. At midday the coach stopped at an inn, at which dinner was provided, and she alighted and sat down at the table. An elderly man followed and sat down also. The young lady arose, rang the bell, and addressing the waiter, said, "there is an outside passenger, I cannot dine with an outside passenger." The stranger bowed, say

the particles of water to that with which they are in contact. The model now exhibiting consists of a small tube with a piston and indicator at each end. An upright plate contains the letters of the alphabet, the first letter being at the top of the plate at one station, and at the bottom of the plate at the other. Thus, if a telegraph of this description were laid down from London to York, the indicator, if pointing to the letter A, would be at the top of the plate at the former place, and at the bottom at the latter. As the one piston descends, the other, from the pressure of the water, ascends in exact proportion, each indicator pointing to the same letter. In the model, as we have stated, the plates containing the letters are placed upright; but it will be easily seen that a horizontal dial can also be used, by means of a rack upon the piston and toothed pinion to guide the indicating hand. This dial may contain two or more circles, into which contracted sentences on any number of subjects can be inserted, the indicator being shortened so as to meet each circle. If it were wanted to communicate any intelligence upon railways, asing, "I beg your pardon, madam, I can go into an example, suppose the contracted sentences another room," and immediately retired. The relating to this subject were in the inner circle, coach soon afterwards resumed its course, and the first intimation would be to shorten the indi- the passengers their places. At length the coach cator, so that its point would exactly touch the stopped at the gate leading to the castle to which words which are to be communicated. If a line the young lady was going; but there was not of pipes were laid down from any given distance, such prompt attention as she expected. each intermediate station would be communi- eyes seemed directed to the outside passenger, cated with by means of branch pipes. To each who was preparing to dismount. She beckoned, piston a bell is attached, and the first motion and was answered, "as soon as we have atwould sound this, putting every one on the qui tended to his lordship we will come to you." A vive. If the communication were intended for few words of explanation ensued, and, to her the first station, the bell would strike one, and dismay, she found that the outside passenger, so on for the others. Without passing any with whom she had thought it beneath her to strong opinion as to the merits of this invention, dine, was not only a nobleman, but that very we must say that its extreme simplicity struck nobleman in whose family she hoped to be an us as an advantage of great importance. The inmate. What could she do? How could she difficulties which may at first sight strike the bear the interview? She felt really ill, and the observer, such as getting over heights above the apology she sent for her nonappearance that evenlevel of the stations, are what upon consideration ing, was more than pretence. The venerable it will be seen can be got over by local appli-peer was a consistent man, and one who knew ances. Perhaps the most serious would arise from the fact that the pipes will require to be placed underground so far as to keep them from atmospheric influence, for in the event of any breakage taking place, it would be difficult in deed to tell the precise locality of the accident. In the case of wires as used at present, any damage they may sustain is easily found out, and can be as easily remedied; but in the case of underground pipes filled with water, unless, indeed, this agent be in sufficient body to force itself to the surface, we do not see how an accident can occur without causing much labour and cost. The inventor claims for his plan over the

All

the way in which the Scripture often speaks of the going down of the sun: "We must not let the night pass thus," said he to his countess : "you must send for her, and we must talk to her before bed time." He reasoned with the foolish girl respecting her conduct, insisted on the impropriety of the state of mind that it evinced, assured her that nothing could induce him to allow his grandchildren to be taught such notions, refused to accept any apology that did not go the length of acknowledging that the thought was wrong; and when the right impression seemed to be produced, gave her his hand.— Liverpool Albion.

THE MOON.

Prof. Mitchell, of Cincinnati, has been recently delivering, in the city of New York, a series of highly interesting lectures on Astronomy-from one of which, as reported in the Tribune, we take the following extract: "Though I have presented you demonstration to-night, you will pardon me if I occupy a little more than my allotted time in giving you some account of the telescopic appearance of the moon's surface. Those who, for the first time,

the light into these cavities of the moon; we see of the cavities are defined with a degree of accushadows cast by the sunward sides, and the limits racy surpassing anything upon the surface of the earth. For the shadows are not here so black as upon yonder orb. They are mitigated and dispersed through the influence of our atmosphere. But on the moon there is no atmosphere at least not such a one as will compare deed it have one, can be no denser than the exat all with ours. The moon's atmosphere, if intremely rarified air, left in the most perfect vacuum yet produced in an exhausted receiver. It cannot sustain animal life-it cannot support the reason that the moon has no atmosphere, clouds, nor can it sustain combustion. And, for there is no gradual fading away of the light as mild and lovely twilight, such as sheds a holy the sun sinks deeper below the horizon-no soft, the valley, casting their black shadows upon the serenity over our favoured globe-but instanta plains below. All these things are very fine; of the sun, drear as the night of Death; and neous and appalling darkness follows the setting and yet, on looking at them through the teles-broken-not by the rosy-fingered morn,' slowly cope for the first time, one is invariably disap- waning from faint streaks of light to the fulness pointed. You cannot see mountains as you see of the day-spring-but startled from the very them in the Highlands of New York. You cannot see the grey rocks projecting so beautifully depth of blackness by the lightning's flash of the as you behold them on some earthly height. sun's meridian glory."-Massachusetts Spy. Remember, after your telescope has carried you out as far as you can reach, there is yet a whole hundred miles to be overcome. So, in spite of From the annual report of the Inspectors, the all you can do, and with all the aid you can bring, you are a hundred miles from the object. following is selected, as a striking illustration of But, do we know nothing of the moon? Are the advantages arising from the melioration of we so far off that we can tell nothing of the cha- prison discipline. We copy from the New York racteristics of its surface? I answer: we know | Mercury: that towering mountains lift their lofty heads, deep caverns yawn, and there are vast circular elevations resembling the usual productions of volcanic action. And how do we determine these things? By the lights and shadows which show themselves to the eye, we measure the height of these mountains, by remarking the relative position of the sun and the earth. We mark the extremities of their long, deep shadows, and find that as the sun slowly rises, the shadows by degrees recede towards the base of the mountains; and when noon-day arrives they entirely disappear. Then as the sun begins to decline on the other side, the same dark shadows are cast in opposite directions. We watch these movements till we ascertain with perfect certainty the character of the object which casts the shadow, and we measure its height. These

behold the moon's surface through a powerful instrument, will always be disappointed in its appearance. There are mighty mountains on its surface; there are deep black cavities, some perhaps fifteen, twenty, forty, and even sixty miles in diameter, and sinking below the surface seven and eight thousand feet. Out of these, mighty

rocks arise two thousand feet above the level of

are reliable facts.

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SING SING PRISON.

sources during the last fiscal year, are put down The aggregate receipts of the prison from all at $74,136 16. The amount expended for every purpose during the same period $73,303 59.

The most interesting feature of the Report is an argument based upon the history of the prison for the past five years, designed to show that the value of convict labour has constantly advanced, and in the same degree as the discipline of the prison has been ameliorated, and moral agencies have been substituted for degrading penalties.

After stating that during the past year the average number of offences and of degrading punishments has been smaller than during any previous period in the history of the institution, so small indeed, as to amount to a practical abandonment of the lush, and of all punishments in which ignominy and degradation are regarded as essential elements, the Inspectors add:

"We are aware that the rarity of punishment might be evidence of lax discipline as well as of good discipline, and that the government of the prison may by many be thought to have been inefficient, for the want of a more stringent system of penal treatment. We choose to anticipate this objection, and to dispose of it at once; both because it may exclude all satisfactory inferences

At the lecture delivered on the 30th of 11th from the minds of some who are disposed to reach the truth upon this subject, and because it month last, after speaking of the position and has been stated publicly, by persons not suffi- time-serving policy of the great Sadducee and ciently cautious about giving currency to error, Pharisee families of Jerusalem, who composthat the finances of the prison have suffered in ed the Sanhedrim, the lecturer next proceedconsequence of the depreciation of convict laboured to describe the administration of the four first occasioned by the inefficiency of the discipline procurators, and then spoke of the fifth, Pontius administered within its walls. We are fortu- Pilate. He was the first who made the Jews nately able to demonstrate, from the statistics preserved on the files of the prison for the past five years, not only that this is not the case, but what is of far greater importance, that the market price of convict labour at the prison has advanced in direct ratio with the melioration of its discipline. That in proportion as moral agencies have been substituted for degrading penalties, the value of the convict labour of all kinds has risen until its average price is now higher and the average number of punishments less than they have ever been before in this institution. We confine ourselves for the purpose of this demonstration to the last five years, for three reasons: first, because no statistics of discipline of any value prior to 1843 have been preserved; secondly, because that, anterior to that time, stock and labour were so much intermingled in the prison accounts that the exact market value of the latter cannot easily be discriminated; and thirdly, the period we have chosen embraces every gradation of discipline, from the most rigid and severe, to the most humane, which the plan of our penitentiary system in this State, as by law established, will admit of.

"The following table, compiled from the most authentic and reliable sources, presents the average number of violations of prison rules and the average number of lashes inflicted for their punishment, and also the average price of convict labour at the prison, from the 1st of May, 1843, to the 1st of December, 1847:

Average number Average number
of violations
of lashes per
month.
per month.

Years.

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Average prices

of convict's la

bour per day.

31 44-113
35 75-211

38

40
45 9-14

It is proper to state, in connexion with the foregoing table, that for the six months previous to this present month of December, the average number of lashes per month has been 22, and the average price of convict labour 50 cents per day. During four of the six months last referred to, the lash was not resorted to in a single in

stance."

PRESENT POSITION OF THE JEWS.

Dr. Raphall, a learned Jewish Rabbi, has lately delivered a course of interesting lectures at Birmingham, to crowded audiences, "On the post Biblical history of the Jews."

to feel the cruel and rapacious caprice of a Ro-
man governor, goading the people on to exaspera-
tion by acts of oppression, and then punishing
them for that exasperation, by fresh acts of
oppression and rapine. Dr. Raphall mentioned
some curious particulars respecting the name and
birthplace of Pontius Pilate, and then proceeded
to enumerate various acts of extortion and cruelty
perpetrated by that procurator; after which he
said, "I have spoken at some length of Pontius
Pilate, not because his administration was im-
portant in itself, but chiefly because you may
deem it interesting to know what I think of the
character and sway of the inan, before whose
tribunal the great teacher of Nazareth was
arraigned. I feel that I am treading on slippery
ground, for, on this, and beyond all other sub-
jects, your opinions and mine must be expected
to differ. But I stand before you this evening,
as an historian, not as a polemic: and as an
historian I have only to remark, that in its first
origin, Christianity does not appear to have ex-
ercised any direct or immediate influence on the
polity and public affairs of the Jews. Their
traditions preserve but few memorials of the
founder of Christianity; indeed it is more than
doubtful, whether he be the Jesus spoken of in
the Talinud, and who is stated to have been the
contemporary of Joshua Ben Perachia, more
than one hundred years before the period at
which the Gospels place the birth of the son of
Mary. Thus the Jews, like yourselves, have not
other authentic account of his life and teachings
than the Gospels, and with these you are, doubt-
less, better acquainted than I can pretend to be.
I am therefore not called upon to speak of his
life and actions. But if you are desirous of
knowing the opinion of a Jew, aye, of a teacher
in Israel, respecting the proceedings against, and
the condemnation of, the master from Nazareth,
do not hesitate to tell you, that I do not by any
means feel bound to identify myself, or my
ren in faith, with those proceedings, or to uphold
that condemnation. The Sanhedrim of those
days composed of both Sadducees and party-
coloured Pharisees, of timid, time-serving, and
therefore unprincipled men, does not sufficiently
command our confidence: what we know of the
motives of some of their acts, is not of such a
nature, as to inspire us with that firm reliance on
their integrity and piety, that we should at all
feel bound to identify ourselves with them, or to
maintain the justice of a sentence, solely because
they pronounced it. On the contrary, in the
absence of any Jewish account of these proceed-

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