the air is perfectly calm. Were the slightest breath of wind to rise when the thermometer stands so low, no man could show his face to it for a moment. Forty degrees below zero, and quite calm, is infinitely preferable to fifteen. below, or thereabout, with a strong breeze of wind. Spirit of wine is, of course, the only thing that can be used in the thermometer: as mercury, were it exposed to such cold, would remain frozen nearly half the winter. Spirit never froze in any cold ever experienced at York Factory, unless when very much adulterated with water; and even then, the spirit would remain liquid in the centre of the mass. Quicksilver easily freezes in this climate, and it has frequently been run into a bullet mould, exposed to the cold air till frozen, and in this state rammed down a gun barrel, and fired through a thick plank. The average cold may be set down at about 15 or 16 degrees below zero, or 48 degrees of frost. The houses at the bay are built of wood, with double windows and doors. They are heated by large iron stoves, fed with wood; yet, so intense is the cold, that when a stove has been in places redhot, a basin of water in the room has been frozen solid-Living Age. FAITH. BY R. S. ANDROS. A Swallow in the spring Came to our granary, and 'neath the eaves Essay'd to make her nest, and there did bring Wet earth, and straw, and leaves. Day after day she toil'd With patient art; but e'er her work was crown'd, Some sad mishap the tiny fabric spoil'd, And dash'd it to the ground. She found the ruin wrought; Yet not cast down, forth from her place she flew, And with her mate fresh earth and grass she brought, And built her nest anew. But scarcely had she placed The last soft feather on its ample floor, When wicked hands, or chance, again laid waste, And wrought the ruin o'er. But still her heart she kept, And toil'd again; and, last night, hearing calls, I look'd, and, lo! three little swallows slept Within the earth-made walls. What trust is here, O Man! Hath Hope been smitten in its earlier dawn? Hath clouds o'ercast thy purpose, trust, or plan? Have Faith and struggle on! THE CHILD'S DREAM. BY C. B. DOGGETT. "Oh I have had a dream, mother, Would I could still sleep on, mother, Thy mother's ear is ready To listen to her child." "I dreamed I lay asleep, mother, Beneath an orange tree, When a white bird came and sang, mother, Though it woke me with its warbling, "It led me on and on, mother, An angel form drew near, "I knew not aught was there, mother, I only felt 'twas bliss, And joined that white bird's song, mother; Such happiness is given- SUMMARY OF NEWS. CONGRESS.-The Oregon Territorial bill passed the House on the 2d inst., by a vote of yeas 129, nays 71. The Wilmot Proviso was retained in the bill by yeas 88, nays 114, on a motion to strike it out. The proposition to give the Territorial Governor the veto power, was lost by a vote of 132 to 63. On the 5th, the bill was reported in the Senate, with two amendments, one restoring the Governor's veto power, and the other reciting, as the reason for enacting the Wilmot Proviso, that the territory lies north of the parallel of 36° 30′, the Missouri Compromise line. The object of this preamble is to secure an expression of Congress in favour of the extension of that line to the Pacific. EUROPE.-By the steamer America, dates to the 22d ult. have been received. The improvement in trade seems to have received a check in conse quence of the critical condition of Ireland, which country appears to be on the very verge of insur rection. Many of the popular leaders and editors have been arrested, some of whom are in prison. and others out on bail. It is supposed that ther conviction will be the signal for a general rising. The cities of Dublin, Cork, Waterford and Drogheda, had been proclaimed under an act giving authority to the police to search for arms, and 10 take into custody all persons found in possession of them without a license. At the town of Carrick, in Tipperary County, some of the club member having been arrested, it appears that the people rose in arms and demanded their release, which the authorities complied with accordingly. By the latest telegraphic account, it appears that Lord John Russell, on the 22d, moved, in the House of Commons, "for leave to introduce a bill to enable the Lord Lieutenant and other chief governors of Ireland, until the first day of March, 1849, to apprehend and detain any person or persons pected of conspiring against her Majesty's person and government." There seems to be but little of interest from the continent. The Sicilian Parlament has offered the crown of Sicily to the second son of Charles Albert, King of Sardinia. FRIENDS' REVIEW. VOL. I. A RELIGIOUS, LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS JOURNAL. PHILADELPHIA, EIGHTH MONTH 19, 184S. No. 48. to the University at Dublin, Hannah Gurney subsequently Hannah Buxton, in consequence of some conversation respecting the Parkgate vessels, exacted a promise from him, that he would not go by Parkgate. He was exceedingly impatient to be in Dublin to prepare for the approaching examination; and when he reached Chester, the Captain of the Parkgate packet came to him and invited him to go in his vessel. As the wind was fair, and the vessel to sail in a few hours, the Captain assured him he would be in Dublin early next morning; whereas, by any other conveyance he must lose at least the whole of next day. His promise was a bitter mortification to him; but it had been made, and was not to be disregarded. He passed the early part of the evening in a very unprofitable manner, with a large party, who went on board the packet, about eight or nine o'clock, and of the 119 persons who embarked as passengers, 118 were drowned before midnight. His attention seems to have been drawn, about In the autumn of 1803, Thomas Fowell Bux ton entered the University of Dublin, and engaged in his studies with such ardour and industry, that at his first examination, of which there were four in a year, he gained what was termed the second place. This approximation to the first honours of the class to which he belonged, stimulated his ambition, and though he had several formidable competitors, he resolved to use the utmost diligence to acquire the premium which was awarded to the student who, of his class, acquitted this time, with increased earnestness to religious himself best. His efforts were successful, and he regarded it as a singular circumstance that, as considerations. He had escaped much of the dissipation which prevailed among his collegiate far as he could ascertain, he was the first Eng-associates, partly from the effects of his early lishman who had gained a premium at the education, and partly from the assiduity with Dublin University. He continued his acadewhich his studies were prosecuted. A short mical studies, with little intermission until the time previous to the remarkable escape above spring of 1807, at which time he attained the mentioned, he purchased a large Bible, with a age of manhood. “On the 14th of April, of this resolution, to which he steadily adhered, of peyear," observes his biographer, "he received his thirteenth premium, and also the highest honour rusing a portion of it every day. In a letter written soon afterwards, he mentions, that quite of the University-the gold medal. With these a change had been wrought in his mind in distinctions, and four silver medals, received from the Historical Society, he prepared to return to respect to reading the Holy Scriptures. Formerly he had read as a duty, but an interest was now excited which rendered the perusal of the Bible a source of satisfaction. He became convinced that his happiness depended upon seeking the assistance of a superior Being, and felt strongly inclined to submit himself to the guidance of principle. The Bible, he says, became as great a favorite as a book could be. England." * circumstance During his collegiate life, a occurred which must have made a strong impression on his mind, and which probably gave a more serious direction to his thoughts. He paid a visit annually to his friends at Earlham, and when about parting with some of them to return At the time when the subject of these memoirs This was an association established by the students was about returning to his native island, a proof the University, with a view of promoting the practice of elocution, and the study of history. The silver posal was made to him, which must have been medals alluded to in the text, were awarded to those flattering to the ambition of a young man of who were judged to have spoken most effectively in twenty-one. Though his prospects of a contheir weekly discussions. Here Thomas Fowell Bux-siderable estate in Ireland had been disappointed, ton seems to have made his first efforts at public speak and the property of the family greatly reduced, a proposal was made by the electors that he should ing; and we are informed that his first speech was on the subject of slavery. appear as a candidate for the representation in Parliament of the Dublin University. This suggestion must have been owing to his personal character for integrity and talents, as he had no family connections which could recommend him to this distinction. His friends could hardly conceive why he should hesitate, but after suspending his determination for a single day, during which he considered the subject in its various relations, he decided upon rejecting the offered preferment; and with that decision he remained entirely satisfied. ner in the brewery, and soon afterwards, the senior partners, conscious of his energy and force of mind, entrusted to him the responsible task of remodelling their whole system of management. This business generally occupied his attention during two or three years, from morning till night. An event of this period manifests the firmness and decision with which he encountered the difficulties of his situation. One of the principal clerks, an honest and valuable servant, was obstinately attached to their old system, and viewed with great antipathy the innovaDuring his residence at Dublin, Buxton pur- tions of the junior partner; and at length went sued his studies, with a view of entering eventu- so far, on one occasion, as to thwart Buxton's ally upon the profession of the law; and either plan. The latter took no other notice of it, than while there, or soon after leaving the College, he to request the clerk to attend in the counting made himself master of Blackstone, Montesquieu, house next morning at 6 o'clock. Upon meetand other legal authorities. But his marriage, ing him in the morning, Buxton used no angry which took place in the year 1807, and the dis- expression or expostulation, but desired the clerk appointment of his prospects in regard to the to produce his books, as he meant to take charge possession of wealth, necessarily turned his of them himself in addition to his other duties. attention to the means of providing for his Amazed at this decisive procedure, the clerk imfamily. Nearly a year was spent in anxious mediately promised complete submission, and uncertainty respecting his future engagements. was at length restored to his station. This A decent support, not the possession of wealth, opponent became convinced of the salutary effects seems to have been the summit of his ambition. of the changes introduced; yet on one subse"I longed," said he, at a subsequent period, "forquent occasion he ventured to contend against any employment that would produce me a them, when Buxton sent him a message, that he had hundred a year, if I had to work twelve hours a better meet him at 6 o'clock next morning, in the day for it.' At length, through the intervention counting house. This was conclusive, for nothing of his uncles, a situation was obtained which more was heard of the book-keeper's opposition. ultimately proved a lucrative one. His mother's maiden name was Hanbury, and her brother Sampson, being connected with Truman's brewery, offered him a place in that establishment, with a prospect of becoming a partner after three years probation. A forcible illustration of his readiness to expose himself to imminent danger for the preservation of others, is afforded by a circumstance which occurred in the summer of 1816. The narrative may be rendered more striking by the recollection that Thomas F. Buxton was about six feet four inches in height, with a frame of corresponding dimensions; so that he was familiarly termed Elephant Buxton. In the case before us, all his strength, elephantine as it was reckoned, seems to have been brought into requisition. In this new vocation he manifested the same ardour and indefatigable industry which had carried him triumphantly through his collegiate engagements. In a letter to his mother, apologizing for his previous silence, he informed her that he was up that morning at four, and did not expect to finish his day's work before twelve at One morning, when he was about setting out, night. He was evidently of an ardent tempera- on horseback, from his residence, which was in ment, which led him to engage earnestly in the neighbourhood of London, he was informed everything to which his attention was directed. that his dog had killed a cat, nearly killed another Writing, several years afterwards, to his brother-dog, and made some attempts to bite one or two in-law, J. J. Gurney, respecting some errors in persons. He ordered him to be tied up and the management of the brewery, which he was taken care of, and immediately set off towards determined to remedy, he observed: "This in-town. He had not proceeded far on his journey, volves much labour; but labour I do not regard; and some anxiety, considering my inexperience on many points connected with it. But the true cause of my disquietude arises from a certain feature in my own mind, which I can hardly describe; a kind of unregulated ardour, in any pursuit which appears to me of great importance, which takes captive all my faculties, and binds me down to that pursuit, and will not let them or me rest till it is accomplished." when he saw his dog covered with mud, running furiously, and biting at every thing that came in his way. He saw him bite two boys and a man, besides a number of dogs. Being apprehensive that the animal was mad, he tried every effort to stop him, or drive him into some out house; but his labour was unavailing, as his voice, whether employed in coaxing or scolding, was totally disregarded. The dog directing his course toward London, his master became seriously appre In 1811, Thomas Fowell Buxton, agreeably hensive of the amount of mischief he might do to the original proposal, was admitted as a part-there. He rode some distance by his side, In religious profession Buxton adhered from his youth to the Church of England, and his language always conformed to the usual phraseology of the world, yet there was in his opinions and practice a considerable sprinkling of Quakerism; and he was in the habit of frequently attending the religious meetings of Friends, though he does not appear to have fully understood the nature of their worship. watching an opportunity of checking or changing | took a part in all the charitable objects of that his course. At length, concluding that if ever distressed district. there was an occasion which justified a risk of life, this was one, he determined upon seizing the dog with his own hands. Happily he ran up to a gate, when Buxton, springing from his horse, cast himself upon the furious animal, and grasped him by the neck. The dog struggled violently, attempting to bite, and scattering the foam from his mouth. But his master raising him from the ground, by the neck, managed to hold him in that position until he gave the alarm, and brought the gardener to his assistance. As he thought it very desirable, for the sake of those who had been bitten, to ascertain whether the dog was really mad, he determined not to kill him; but directed the gardener to procure a strong chain, and fitting the collar to the animal's neck, to secure the other end of the chain to a tree. Then walking to the utmost limit of the chain he cast the dog from him, and retreated beyond his reach. As the animal died with unequivocal symptoms of madness, care was taken to destroy the dogs and cats which he had infected, and to cut out and cauterise the wounds of the man and boys. Adverting to the circumstance a day or two afterwards, he observes: "What I did was done from a conviction that it was my duty. I believe that if I had shrunk from the danger, and others had suffered in consequence, I should have felt more pair, than I should have done had I received a bite." In the year 1811, an event took place which must have produced a strong impression at the time on the Buxton family. The youngest brother of Thomas was a wayward youth, born near the time of his father's decease, who went to sea on board of an East Indiaman, at the age of thirteen or fourteen. On the first voyage he left his ship and entered the royal navy. Five years passed away, during which the family heard nothing of him, and they concluded that he had probably died at sea: when at length a letter was received from one of his shipmates, stating that he had arrived in a dying condition at Gosport, and was exceedingly anxious to see some of his relations. It was found that this unhappy youth had been attacked, while on board a ship at Bombay, with a disease, which appearing likely to prove mortal, he took passage in the first ship he could find, and upon landing at Gosport, was carried to the Haslar Hospital. From that place he despatched a letter to his mother, but as she had changed her residence, during his absence, his letter was not received. He then, reflecting upon his own conduct and his neglect in never communicating with his friends, became apprehensive that they would now refuse to own him. A second letter, in which he besought some of the family to visit him on his death bed, came to But at the time when his business in connec- Thomas, and in two hours the two brothers, tion with the brewery occupied the greatest share Thomas and Charies, were on the road to Gosof his time and attention, his habits of applica- port. Arriving at the hospital, they were dition furnished an opportunity, both for increas-rected to a large ward filled with the sick and ing his knowledge, and contributing to the relief of the destitute and distressed. After a few years of close attention to the concerns of the brewery, the success which attended his exertions in business, paved the way for engaging in more public life. He was gradually relieved from the necessity of personal attention to the details of the business, yet he continued to take a part in the general superintendence of the concern. Thomas Fowell Buxton was early instructed in the duty of active benevolence. His mother used to set before him the idea of taking up some great cause by which he might promote the happiness of man. Upon settling in London, he sought opportunities of usefulness; and an acquaintance with Wm. Allen, which soon ripened into friendship, gave a definite direction to his pursuits. We have seen in the review of William Allen's life, that, in 1808, he and some other friends joined a small society, with a view of diminish ing the number and frequency of capital punishments. Of those who joined this association, Thomas Fowell Buxton was one. He also, from the time of his first connection with the brewery, See page 67 of this Review. dying, through which they walked for some time without discovering the object of their search. Their attention was at length arrested by the earnestness with which an emaciated youth, on one of the beds, was gazing at them. They approached his bed; and though he could scarcely speak, the expression of his countenance showed that he recognised them. It was their long lost brother Edward. During the two weeks that followed their recognition, the languishing youth was carefully attended by several of the family; and among them we find the subject of our memoirs particularly assiduous in labouring to fix his attention upon the Fountain of mercy, and the hopes of the repentant sinner. At the end of two weeks, this wandering youth was numbered with those who were, and are not. [To be continued.] For Friends' Review. The writings of this singularly gifted man, may be usefully studied by one who desires to form a clear, vigorous, and sententious style. The student will have the further advantage of becoming conversant with noble thoughts, and with the sentiments, upon a great variety of topics, of one who had large experience both of the world and of the power of religion. Redundancy of expression was perhaps the prevailing fault of that age, yet there were minds so prolific, that they were driven by the very abundance of intellectual wealth, to produce it in the most condensed and effective form; such minds were Milton's and Penn's. Where shall we find just conceptions of human nature and of the beneficent spirit of Christianity, more forcibly expressed in a few earnest sentences, than in the following passages from "An Address to Protestants," published in 1679. C. "A third great cause of persecution for religion is this, That men make too many things necessary to be believed to salvation and communion. For it so falls out, that those who distinguish the tree in the bulk, cannot with the like ease discern every branch or leaf that grows upon it; and to run out the necessary articles of faith to every good or true thing that the wit of man may deduce from the text, and so, too, as that I ought to have a distinct idea or apprehension of every one of them, and must run them over in my mind as a child would con his lesson by heart, of which I must not miss a tittle upon my salvation; this I think to be a temptation upon men to fall into dispute and division: and then we are taught by long experience, that he that has most power will oppress his opinion that is weaker; whence comes persecution. This certainly puts unity and peace too much upon the hazard. Mary's choice, therefore, was not of many things, but the one thing necessary, as Christ the Lord of the true divinity terms it. And pray, what was this one needful thing, but Christ Jesus himself, and her faith, love and obedience in and to him? This one needful thing was Mary's choice and blessing-may it be ours! and then I should hope a quick end to controversies and consequently to persecutions.' "Another reason, and that no small one, is self love, and impatience of men under contradiction; be it of ignorance, that they are angry with what they cannot refute, or out of private interest, it matters not; their opinion must reign alone; they are tenacious of their own sense, and cannot endure to have it questioned, be there never so much reason for it. Men of their passions are yet to learn that they are ignorant of religion, by the want they have of mortification; such persons can easily let go their hold on charity, to lay violent hands upon their opposers. If they have power, they rarely fail to use it so, not remembering that when they absolved themselves from the life of love, meekness and patience, they abandoned true religion, and contended not for the faith once delivered to the saints, which stood therein, but for mere words. "It is here that proud flesh and a capricious head dispute for religion, and not an humble heart and a divine frame of spirit. Men that are angry for God, passionate for Christ, that call names for religion and fling stones for faith, may tell us they are Christians if they will, but nobody would know them to be such by their fruits; to be sure, they are no Christians of Christ's making. "I would to God, that the disputants of our time did but calmly weigh the irreligiousness of their own heats for religion, and see if what they contend for, will quit the cost, will countervail the charge of departing from charity, and making a sacrifice of peace to gain their point. Upon so seasonable a reflection, I am confident they would find that they rather show their love to opinion than truth, and seek victory more than concord. "Could men be contented, as he whom they call their Lord was, to declare their message and not strive for proselytes, nor vex for conquest, they would recommend all to the conscience, and, if it must be so, patiently endure contradiction too, and so lay their religion as he did his, not in violence, but in suffering. But I must freely profess, and in duty and conscience I do it, that I cannot call that religion which is introduced against the laws of love, meekness, and friendship-superstition, interest, or faction, I may. "There is a zeal without knowledge-that is superstition: there is a zeal against knowledgethat is interest or faction, the true heresy: there is a zeal with knowledge that is religion: therefore, blind obedience may be superstition, it cannot be religion; and if you view the countries of cruelty, you will find them superstitious rather than religious. Religion is gentle; it makes men better, more friendly, loving, and patient than before. Are men impatient of having their conceits owned? They are then most to be suspected. Error and superstition, like cracked titles only fear to be searched, and run and ery for authority and number. But pray tell me what is that desired uniformity that has not unity, and that unity which has not love, meekness and patience in it? I beseech you hear me, for those men depart from the spirit of christianity, that seek with anger and forwardness to promote it. Let us not put so miserable a cheat upon ourselves, nor such an affront upon christianity, as to think that a most gentle and patient religion can be advanced by most ungentle and impatient ways. Alas! it is for want of considering, that men do not see that to disorder the mind in controversy, is a greater mischief than to carry the point can be a benefit, |