her she should go down stairs to tea; but her mother desired her to remain in the room a few minutes, that she might first go and prepare her brothers and sisters to receive her properly. Her father and mother then went down, and the latter desired the other children to be kind to Elizabeth, and never to reproach her for her misconduct, or even remind her of it; "for," said she," the poor dear child has already suffered enough." When Elizabeth went down, they all looked kindly at her; and after tea, they enjoyed a game of play together before bed-time: and that night she had the additional pleasure of sleeping with her sister as usual. Elizabeth never lost the recollection of what she felt on those two days of tribulation; and the tender kindness of her mother in requesting the other children not to remind her of it, made a deep impression on her mind. Very often, after she grew up, she remembered the fault she committed in her childhood, and always felt that she had cause to bless God for the care her father and mother took to impress on her young mind a dread of departing from the truth. THE COPPER REGION.-SINGULAR DISCOVERY. A correspondent of the Buffalo Express, writing under the date of June 14, from Ontonagon, Lake Superior, says: Mr. Knapp, of the Vulcan Mining Company, has lately made very singular discoveries here in working one of the veins which he has lately found. He worked into an old cave which has been excavated centuries ago. This led them to look for other works of the same sort, and they have found a number of sinks in the earth which they have traced a long distance. By digging into those sinks, they find them to have been made by the hand of man. It appears that the ancient miners went on different principles from what they do at the present time. The greatest depth yet found in these holes is thirty feetafter getting down to a certain depth, they drifted along the vein, making an open cut. These cuts have been filled nearly to a level by the accumulation of soil, and we find trees of the largest growth standing in this gutter; and also find that trees of a very large growth have grown up and died, and decayed many years since; in the same place there are now standing trees of over three hundred years' growth. Last week they dug down into a new place, and about twelve feet below the surface found a mass of copper that will weigh from eight to ten tons. This mass was buried in ashes, and it appears they could not handle it, and had no means of cutting it, and probably built fire to melt or separate the rock from it, which might be done by heating, and then dashing on cold water. This piece of copper is as pure and clean as a new cent, the upper surface has been pounded clear and smooth. It appears that this mass of In copper was taken from the bottom of a shaft, at the depth of about thirty feet. In sinking this shaft from where the mass now lies, they followed the course of the vein, which pitches considerably; this enabled them to raise it as far as the whole came up with a slant. At the bottom of the shaft they found skids of black oak, from eight to twelve inches in diameter-these sticks were charred through, as if burnt; they found large wooden wedges in the same situation. this shaft they found a miner's gad and a narrow chisel made of copper. I do not know whether these copper tools are tempered or not, but their make displays good workmanship. They have taken out more than a ton of cobble-stones, which have been used as mallets. These stones were nearly round, with a score cut around the center, and look as if this score was cut for the purpose of putting a withe round for a handle. The Chippewa Indians all say that this work was never done by Indians. This discovery will lead to a new method of finding veins in this country, and may be of great benefit to some. I suppose they will keep finding new wonders for some time yet, as it is but a short time since they found the old mine. There is copper here in abundance, and I think people will begin to dig it in a few days. Mr. Knapp has found considerable silver during the past winter. REDUCTION OF COST OF WORKING ENGINES. We find the following article on this subject in the Railway Chronicle of July 8th. Several of the officials of our great metropolitan lines have been trying some plan for the reduction of the smallest working expenses in the common business of the company. Among these, Mr. Samuel, of the Eastern Counties, has been especially active. The "Liliputian" engine was brought forward by him, and since its career, this little engine has run about 10,000 miles, with scarcely any repair. The result of its working induced Mr. Samuel to direct his attention to the employment of light locomotives for branch traffic; and the conclusions at which he arrived will be found in the following extracts from a paper read by him at the Birmingham Society of Mechanical Engineers: "The result of observations which I have for a considerable time been making on the branch passenger traffic of railways, has been to convince me that on the whole it is not remunerative, and in some cases is even worked at a loss. I have therefore been led to consider whether the expenses might not be reduced by the introduction of a system of steam carriages, made suitable to the amount of traffic to be conveyed. It is evident that the more we can reduce the dead weight of the trains and engines in proportion to the number of the passengers, the less will be the expense of repairs both of the carrying stock and engines, and of the way and works of the line. The average weight of a train on | heard enough now, throw!' but the third interthe branch lines is 56 tons, the number of pas- fered, saying, 'He is not so foolish as I exsengers conveyed by each train not exceeding pected-let us hear him out.' The preacher 35 to 40 on many of the branch railways in concluded without being interrupted. Now England. Supposing each passenger with lug- mark me, my brethren-of these three men, gage to weigh one and a half hundred weight, one was executed three months ago at Newgate the total weight of the passengers conveyed is for forgery; the second at this moment lies about three tons, or, in other words, for every under sentence of death in the gaol of this city ton of paying load we are now carrying by the for murder; the other, (continued the minister present system of locomotion, we have 18 to 20 with great emotion,) the third, through the intons of dead weight. It is therefore, in a com- finite goodness of God, is now about to address mercial point of view, of the greatest importance, you-listen to him!" not only to railway companies, but to the public generally, that some less expensive, and at the same time equally safe, means of transport be adopted. It is therefore proposed to substitute steam carriages for locomotives on branch rail ways. "The following are a few of the principal dimensions of the steam carriage now in course of construction: diameter of cylinders, 7 inches; length of stroke, 12 inches; diameter of driving wheels, 5 feet; distance between centres, 20 feet; width of framing, 8 feet 6 inches. The boiler is of the ordinary locomotive construction, 5 feet long by 2 feet 6 inches diameter. The fire box is 3 feet 10 inches by 2 feet 6 inches. There are to be 115 tubes, of 14 inch diameter, and 5 feet 3 inches in length, giving 210 feet of heating surface in the tubes. The area of the fire box is 25 square feet, giving a total of 235 feet of heating surface in the boiler. The consumption of coke may be estimated at 7 pounds per mile, at a velocity of 40 miles per hour. The total weight of the steam carriage, with its coke and water will not exceed 10 tons; and it will be capable of conveying about forty-two passengers at a speed of 40 miles per hour. The water is to be carried below the floor of the carriage, in wrought iron tubes, of 12 inches. diameter and 12 feet long. One great object attained in this machine is the reduction of the Our friends JOHN and MARTHA YEARDLEY, accompanied by ROBERT and CHRISTINE ALSOP, left London on the 12th ult., for Ostend, where they arrived the next day. They were joined by a young man named ADOLPHE ROCHEDIEU, a native of France, with whom they had previously corresponded with a view to his accompanying them in their visit. At Ostend and at Ghent, whither they proceeded on the 14th, they found the Flemish language almost exclusively spoken by the less educated classes. Very few Protestants reside in either of these places; in Ghent, only 300, out of a population of 120,000; and there is great scarcity of schools, and also of religious tracts in Flemish. From Ghent they went on to Brussels, reaching that city on the 15th.-London Friend. Let the time of temptation be the time of silence. Words react upon feelings; and if Satan, in the time of our trials, can induce us to utter a hasty or unadvised word, he will add, by so doing, to the power of his previous assaults, and increase the probability of his getting the victory.-Upham. For Friends' Review. centre of gravity, and the consequent absence of HYMN BEFORE SUNRISE, IN THE VALE OF lateral oscillation." SINGULAR ANECDOTE. Several years ago, a charity sermon was preached in a chapel in the West of England. When the preacher ascended the pulpit, he thus addressed the hearers:-"My brethren, before proceeding to the duties of this evening, allow me to relate a short anecdote. Many years have elapsed since I was last within the walls of this house. Upon that evening among the hearers came three men, with the intention of not only scoffing at the minister, but with their pockets filled with stones for the purpose of assaulting him After he had spoken a few sentences, one said, 'Let us be at him now;' but the second replied, 'No; stop_till we hear what he makes of this point.' The minister went on, when the second said, 'We have CHAMOUNY. Several months ago, I forwarded to the Editor a Hymn to Mont Blanc, translated from the German, and it will be found in the 21st number. It no doubt suggested to Coleridge the Hymn which I herewith forward, and propose for insertion in the Review. The lover of poetry will thus have an opportunity of comparing the two, and will perceive with what felicity our author has expanded and amplified the noble outburst of the German. Although Coleridge spent a couple of years of his early life in Germany, I do not know that he ever visited the Vale of Chamouny; but at the foot of Mont Blanc, he would have been at home, and luxuriated in every thing around him. His was an active and a lively imagination; and with his quick perception of the beautiful and the grand, we need not be surprised that the accuracy of delineation of some parts of the imaginary scene, should have induced Cheever to say that "he [Besides the rivers Arvé and Arveiron, which have their sources in the foot of Mont Blanc, five conspicuous torrents rush down its sides; and, within a few paces of the glaciers, the Gentiana Major grows in immense numbers, with its "flowers of loveliest blue."] Hast thou a charm to stay the Morning Star O dread and silent Mount! I gazed upon thee, Yet, like some sweet, beguiling melody, As in her natural form, swelled vast to heaven! Awake my soul! not only passive praise Or when they climb the sky, or when they sink; And you, ye five wild torrents, fiercely glad! Ye ice-falls! ye that from the mountain's brow, GOD! sing, ye meadow-streams, with gladsome voice! Ye living flowers that skirt the eternal frost! Thou, too, hoar Mount, with thy sky pointing Oft from whose feet, the Avalanche, unheard, Slow travelling with dim eyes suffused with tears, To rise before me,-Rise, O ever rise! SUMMARY OF NEWS. IRELAND. The Steamer Cambria arrived at New York on 7th day last, the 19th inst., from Liverpool, whence she sailed on the 5th. The Government has taken the most decisive measures in order to suppress the revolutionary movements of the insurgents in Ireland. Smith O'Brien, for whose apprehension a reward of £500 was offered, is said to have left Dublin, with his principal confederates, for the mountains of Tipperary; and although it is difficult, from the conflicting statements, to know which to rely on, the general opinion appears to be that the disposition of the mass of the people to join issue with the Government, is not so general as had been supposed. Numerous arrests have been made, on a charge of high treason. ITALY.-An Embassy had arrived at Paris from Milan, earnestly soliciting the intervention of France, by sea and land, in favour of the Piedmontese: and it is believed that the Provisional Government of France will endeavour to prevail upon England to unite with it in the offer of a joint mediation of both countries to Charles Albert and Austria. FRANCE.-Ledru Rollin, Louis Blanc, and Caussidiere, who, it will be recollected, were members of the Provisional Government after the dethronement of Louis Phillippe, are now charged with very unjustifiable measures during the late insurrection. Lamartine does not appear to be implicated, as was threatened. ALBANY. On the 17th, about noon, a fire broke out in Albany, N. Y., which raged with great violence for six or eight hours before it was possible to arrest its progress. This was finally effected by blowing up a number of houses, in its course, and the timely falling of heavy rain. Considerable damage was sustained by the canal boats in the basin, &c. A number of lives were lost. Nearly 500 houses were burned, and the destruction of property is variously estimated, amounting probably to not less than two millions of dollars. FRIENDS' REVIEW. VOL. I. A RELIGIOUS, LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS JOURNAL. PHILADELPHIA, NINTH MONTH 2, 184S. EDITED BY ENOCH LEWIS. Published Weekly by Josiah Tatum, No. 50 North Fourth Street, Price two dollars per annum, payable in advance, or six copies for ten dollars. This paper is subject to newspaper postage only. For Friends' Review. LIFE OF THOMAS FOWELL BUXTON. (Continued from page 755.) No. 50. life, evidently continued with him during the remaining portion of his active career: alloyed, however, to some extent, by the habits of his early life. The winter of 1816, which commenced early, and with unusual severity, brought T. F. Buxton more conspicuously than he had previously been before the view of the public. The weavers of Spitalfields, who are always trembling on the verge of starvation, were plunged into the greatest distress by the stagnation of their business; and this misery was increased by the influx into the parish, of the poorest class of London laIn the beginning of 1813, the subject of our bourers. A soup society had been long esmemoir was visited with a disease which brought tablished, but the distress greatly exceeded the him apparently to the brink of the grave. His means provided for its alleviation. Under these mind had, as already mentioned, been previously circumstances it was determined to hold a public directed with considerable earnestness to the meeting, in order to arrest the attention of the subject of religion; and though he appears to community to the situation of the sufferers. The have always believed in the truth and divine au- funds were nearly exhausted, and an immediate thority of the holy scriptures, his mind was per- supply was essential to the continuance of their plexed with some doubts on the subject, arising operations. It was agreed that the subject of unquestionably from the want of a practical ac- our memoir should address the company, who quaintance with the redemption and consolation might assemble on the occasion, with a view of which the gospel affords. When his disorder awakening the sympathy of the public, and rehad assumed an alarming appearance, he was plenishing the stores of the society. Of the brought to seek by fervent prayer for the removal speech delivered on this occasion, which seems of his perplexity, and was soon favoured to find to have been the first addressed by him to a it entirely withdrawn. Feeling confidence in promiscuous assembly, the author evidently enthe redemption that comes by Jesus Christ, he tertained an humble opinion. He says that he was enabled to view the prospect of approaching felt very flat, did not go through the topics he dissolution without alarm. Towards the close meant to touch upon, and on the whole conof the year, he remarks, "In casting up the sidered it as a kind of failure. ; but as he had blessings of the year, I found nothing to compare entreated that what was best might be done, he with my illness: it gave such a life, such a did not feel at all disheartened. A very different reality and nearness, to my prospects of futurity; view of it, however, was taken by others. It it told me in language so conclusive and intelli- was republished in papers of opposite chagible, that here is not my abiding city; it ex-racters. The Spitalfields Benevolent Society pounded so powerfully the scriptural doctrine of gave it circulation, as the best means of exciting atonement, by showing what the award of my sympathy with their exertions; the opponents fate must be if it depended upon my own merits, of the government gave it publicity, as the best and what that love is which averts condemnation statement of the iniseries permitted under the exby the merits of another; in short, my sickness isting order of things; and it was republished by has been a source of happiness to me in every the friends of that government, "because," said way." they, "it forms so beautiful a contrast to the The visible consequence of his change of feel- language of those wretched demagogues, whose ing was, that as his health returned, he engaged infamous doctrines would increase the evils they with greater earnestness in various works of be- affect to deplore." The consequence of this nevolence, particularly the diffusion of the holy meeting, of which Buxton's speech formed apscriptures; and it may be observed, that the deep parently a prominent part, was a supply to the sense of the paramount importance of a religious | funds of the Spitalfields Society of £43,369, about $216,000. Two days after it was held, Lord Sidmouth sent for Buxton, to inform him that the Prince had been so pleased with the spirit and temper of the meeting, and felt so strongly the claims that had been urged, that he had sent them £5000. This shows at least that the Prince Regent, with all the moral defects which must be admitted as belonging to his character, was not insensible to the sufferings of a starving population. This public address drew to the author a letter from Wilberforce, the first written by him to his future ally and successor, in which he plainly intimated an expectation that they would, at a subsequent day, be fellow-labourers in a different assembly, and upon a different object. His biographer observes, that "with these exertions for the poor around him, Buxton's public career may be said to have commenced. He was now launched on that stream of labour for the good of others, along which his course lay for the remainder of his life." From the notice of the labours of Elizabeth Fry, contained in the early numbers of the Review, it may be seen that her attention, and, through her instrumentality, that of the public, was drawn about the years 1816 and 1817 to the deplorable condition of the prisons and their occupants; and that a society for the reformation of prison discipline was then formed. Among the active promoters and labourers in this work of benevolence, the name of Thomas Fowell Buxton is enrolled, in connection with those of Dr. Lushington and Lord Suffield, his subsequent coadjutors in the attack upon negro slavery. A visit to Newgate, made about this time, and the sight of four individuals who were to be executed in a few days, excited his deepest commiseration, and led him to look more earnestly into the duty and importance of devoting his energies to diminish the prevalence of crime and its consequent miseries. In a letter addressed to his wife, his feelings and reflections are thus disclosed-"Surely it is in the power of all to do something in the service of their Master; and I among the rest, if I were now to begin and endeavour, to the best of my capacity, to serve Him, might be the means of good to some of my fellow-creatures. This capacity is, I feel, no mean talent, and attended with no inconsiderable responsibility. I must pray that I may at length stir myself up, and be enabled to feel somewhat of the real spirit of a missionary, and that I may devote myself, my influence, my time, and above all, my affections, to the honour of God, and the happiness of man. My mission is evidently not abroad, but it is not less a mission on that account. I feel that I may journey through life by two very different paths, and that the time is now come for choosing which I will pursue. I may go on as I have been going on, not absolutely forgetful of futurity, nor absolutely devoted to it. I may get riches and repute, and gratify my ambition, and do some good and more evil; and at length, I shall find all my time on earth expended, and in retracing my life, I shall see little but occasions lost, and capabilities misapplied. The other is a path of more labour and less indulgence. I may become a real soldier of Christ; I may feel that I have no business on earth but to do His will, and to walk in his ways, and I may direct every energy to the service of others. Of these paths I know which I would most gladly choose; but what I would that I do not; but what I hate that I do." In the winter of 1817, Buxton paid a visit to the continent, for the double purpose of promoting the establishment of a branch of the Bible Society at Paris, and of obtaining information respecting the systems of prison discipline adopted in the jails of Antwerp and Ghent. On the passage across the channel they were surrounded by a dense fog, in which they drifted about for two days and nights, without knowing what course they were pursuing, and with scarcely any thing to eat. This gave him a practical acquaintance, which he was desirous not to forget, with the sufferings arising from deficiency of food. After a careful inspection of the prisons at Antwerp and Ghent, which it was one object of his journey to visit, he returned to his native land, where he communicated to the Prison Discipline Society the information which he had procured. This led to a request from the committee, that his description of the prisons which he had visited, might be published. But in order to render this description as useful as possible, he judged it necessary to prove and expose the corruptions and grievances attendant upon the prisons in England, and to trace to their proper source the causes of the prevailing depravity there. For this purpose, he, in company with several others, visited at different times, the principal London jails, and examined, with the utmost attention, into every part of the system pursued in them. His inquiries developed a series of abuses, and brought to light a system of folly and wickedness, surpassing belief. The result of these investigations was given to the world, in the early part of 1818, in a tract entitled "An Inquiry whether crime be produced or prevented by our present systems of Prison Discipline." It was received with a degree of attention which the author had not anticipated; running through six editions in the course of a year; and a considerable impulse was given to the general feeling on the subject. Nor was its usefulness confined to England; for it was translated into French, and circulated on the continent. It even found its way to India, where its perusal occasioned some important improvements in the jails of Madras. The work was thus alluded to by Sir James Mackintosh, in the House of Commons: "The question of our penal code, as relating |