Ratio.

281. SOME OLD PROBLEMS IN NEW FORMS.*

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1. What is the ratio of the area of a 2-inch square to the area of a 6-in. * ? square Of a 6-in. square to a 2-in. square 2. What is the ratio of the perimeter of a 2-in. square to the perimeter of a 6-in. square? Of the perimeter of a 6-in. square to the perimeter of a 2-in. square?

3. What is the ratio of the area of a 3-ft. square to the area of a 6-ft. square? Of a 6-yd. square to a 3-yd. square?

4. What is the ratio of the perimeter of a 3-ft. square to the perimeter of a 6-ft. square? Of the perimeter of a 6 ft. square to the perimeter of a 3-ft. square?

5. What is the ratio of the solid content of a 2-inch cube to the solid content of a 6-in. cube? Of a 6-in. cube to a 2-in. cube?

6. What is the ratio of the surface of a 2-in. cube to the surface of a 6-in. cube? Of the surface of a 6-in. cube to the surface of a 3-in. cube ?

7. What is the ratio of the solid content of a 3-ft. cube to the solid content of a 6-ft. cube? Of a 6-yd. cube to a 3-ft. cube?

8. What is the ratio of the surface of a 3-ft. cube to the surface of a 6-ft. cube? Of the surface of a 6-yd. cube to the surface of a 3-yd. cube?

9. What is the ratio of a square inch to a square foot? Of a cubic inch to a cubic foot?

*If pupils image the magnitudes compared, they will find no difficulty in the solution of these problems.

From the above, learn that the antecedent is always equal to the product of the consequent and the ratio.

From the above, learn that the consequent is always equal to the quotient of the antecedent divided by the ratio.

1. Antecedent 75; ratio 5.
2. Antecedent 96; ratio 3.

3. Antecedent ; ratio .

3

Consequent?
Consequent ?
Consequent?

283. TO FIND TWO NUMBERS WHEN THEIR SUM AND

RATIO ARE GIVEN.

EXAMPLE.

The sum of two numbers is 36 and their ratio is 3. What

1. The sum of two numbers is 196, and their ratio is 3. What are the numbers ?

2. The sum of two numbers is 294, and their ratio is 21. What are the numbers ?

3. The sum of two decimals is .42, and their ratio is 2. What are the decimals?

4. The sum of two numbers is s, and the ratio of the larger to the smaller is r. What are the numbers?

* Observe that any number you please may be put in the place of s, and any number greater than 1 in the place of r; therefore when the sum of two numbers and the ratio of the larger to the smaller are given, the smaller number may be found by dividing the sum by the ratio plus 1.

1. One side of a triangle may be regarded as its base. The perpendicular distance from its base (or from its base. extended) to the opposite angle is its altitude.

2. What is the altitude of the first of the above triangles? Of the second? Of the third?

3. Convince yourself by measurement and by paper cutting that every triangle is one half of a parallelogram having the same base and the same n altitude as the triangle.

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4. To find the area of a triangle, Find the area of the parallelogram having the same base and altitude, and take one half of the result.

PROBLEM. If the above figure represents a piece of land, and is drawn on a scale of inch to the rod, what part of an acre of land does it represent?

285. Miscellaneous Review.

1. The specific gravity of granite is 2.7.* How much does a cubic foot of granite weigh?

2. A certain vessel is exactly large enough to contain 1000 grains of water. It will contain only 700 grains of petroleum. What is the specific gravity of the petroleum ?†

3. The specific gravity of gold is 19.3. How much does a cubic foot of gold weigh?

4. A cubic foot of sulphur weighs 125 lbs. What is the specific gravity of sulphur?

5. A cubic foot of steel weighs 487.5 lbs. What is the specific gravity of steel?

6. What is the ratio of 1 bu. to 1 pk.? Of 1 pk. to 1 qt.? 7. What is the ratio of $37 to $15? Of $15 to $371? 8. What is the area of a rhomboid whose base is 16 inches and whose altitude is 16 inches?

9. Is the rhomboid described in problem 8, equilateral ?

10. The ratio of the perimeter of one square to the perimeter of another square is 4. What is the ratio of the areas of the two squares?

11. Draw three triangles, the base of each being 4 inches and the altitude of each being 2 inches. Make one of them a right-triangle; another, an isosceles triangle, and the third having angles unlike either of the other two. What can you say of the area of the right-triangle as compared with each of the others?

*See page 325, exercise 10.

This means, what is the ratio of the weight of the petroleum to the weight of the same bulk of water?