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METRIC SYSTEM.

NOTE. The teacher should present this subject orally before attempting the pages that follow. It will be well if this oral work can be commenced many weeks before this page is reached in the regular work of the class. A meter stick, a liter measure, and metric weights should be provided and each pupil should weigh and measure until he can easily think quantity in the units of this system without reference to the units of any other system.

319. All units in the metric system of measures and weights are derived from the primary unit known as the

meter.

When the length of the primary unit of this system was determined it was supposed to be one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the pole. A pendulum that vibrates seconds is nearly one meter long.

In the names of the derived units of this system the prefix deka means 10; hekto means 100; kilo means 1000; myria means 10000; deci means tenth; centi means hundredth; milli means thousandth.

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* In the common pronunciation of these words the primary accent is on the first syllable and a secondary accent on the penultimate syllable; thus, cen'timéter. In the better pronunciation the accent is on the vowel preceding the letter m, that is, on the antepenultimate syllable; thus, centim'eter, dekam'eter, etc.

Metric System.

321. The names of the units of surface measurement are the same as those used for linear measurement, combined with the word square; thus, a surface equivalent to a square whose side is a meter is 1 square meter.

The pupil, if properly taught to this point, will be able, without difficulty, to fill the blanks in the table of—

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NOTE. The special unit of surface measure for measuring land is equivalent to a square whose side is ten meters. This unit is

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Metric System.

322. The names of the units of volume measurement are the same as those used for linear measurement, combined with the word cubic; thus, a volume equivalent to a cube whose edge is a meter is 1 cubic meter.

The pupil should be able easily to fill the blanks in the table of

VOLUME MEASURE.

1000 cubic millimeters (cu. mm.) = 1 cubic centimeter (cu. cm.).*

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NOTE 1. The special unit of capacity for measuring liquids, grain, small fruits, etc., is the liter. It is equal to 1 cubic decimeter. 10 liters (1.) = 1 dekaliter (Dl.), and 1 tenth of a liter = 1 deciliter (dl.), etc.

NOTE 2.-The special unit for measuring wood is the ster. It is equal to 1 cubic meter.

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* The abbreviation cc. is often used for cubic centimeter.

Metric System.

323. The primary unit of weight is the gram. This equals the weight of one cubic centimeter of pure water.

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NOTE. The special unit for the weight of very heavy articles is the tonneau. It equals the weight of a cubic meter of pure water,

or 1000 kilograms.

EXERCISE.

1. The weight of 1 liter of water is

grams.

2. The weight of 6 cubic centimeters of water is
3. The weight of a cubic decimeter of water is

4. One kilogram of water equals

5. One hektogram of water equals
6. One dekagram of water equals

cubic centimeters.

CC.

cubic centimeters.

7. If the specific gravity of iron is 7.5, what is the weight of a cubic centimeter of iron?

8. If the specific gravity of cork is 4, what is the weight of a cubic decimeter of cork?

9. If the specific gravity of oil is .9, what is the weight of a liter of oil?

10. What is the weight of a cubic meter of stone whose specific gravity is 2.5?

11. What is the weight of a cubic decimeter of wood whose specific gravity is .8?

Metric System.

324. MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS.

1. Find the area of a rectangular surface that is 1 meter long and 6 decimeters wide. Make a diagram of this surface upon the blackboard.

2. Find the area of a rectangular surface that is 2 decimeters long and 5 centimeters wide. Make a diagram of this surface on your slate or paper.

3. Find the solid content of a 5-centimeter cube. A 5centimeter cube is what part of a cubic decimeter ?

4. Find the solid content of a 4-decimeter cube. decimeter cube is what part of a cubic meter?

A 4

5. Find the entire surface of a 4-centimeter cube. The surface of a 4 centimeter cube is what part of a square decimeter ?

6. Find the area of a rectangular surface that is 2.4 yards by 5 yards; of a rectangular surface that is 2.4 meters by 5

meters.

7. Which is the larger of the two surfaces described in problem 6?

8. Find the area of a rectangular surface that is 3.5 yards by 2.5 yards; of a rectangular surface that is 3.5 meters by 2.5 meters.

9. Find the volume of a rectangular solid that is 3.4 feet by 3 feet by 2 feet; of a rectangular solid that is 3.4 meters by 3 meters by 2 meters.

10. Find the volume of a rectangular solid that is 3.5 meters by 2.3 meters by 4.6 meters.

11. What is the weight of a cubic decimeter of wood whose specific gravity is .5?

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