DENOMINATE NUMBERS. VOLUME MEASURE. 340. The standard unit of volume measure is a cubic yard, which is the equivalent of a 1-yard cube. This unit, like the cubic foot and the cubic inch, is derived from the corresponding unit of linear measure. CUBIC MEASURE. 1728 cubic inches (cu. in.) = 1 cubic foot (cu. ft.). = 1 cubic yard (cu. yd.). EXERCISE. 1. Show by a drawing that there are 27 cu. ft. in a 1-yard cube. 2. How many cubic inches in 1 half of a cubic foot? 4. How many cubic feet in 1 third of a cubic yard? -yard cube? 6. Estimate in cubic feet the amount of air in the school room. 7. Estimate in cubic yards the amount of air in the schoolroom. 8. Estimate in cubic inches the capacity of your dinner box. 9. Estimate in cubic feet the capacity of some wagon box. 10. Estimate in cubic inches the volume of the school globe.* * A globe is a little more than of the smallest cube from which it could have been made. See note 10, p. 445. Denominate Numbers-Volume Measure. 341. Wood is usually measured by the cord. A cord is a pile 4 feet wide, 4 feet high, and 8 feet long, or its equivalent. Hence 128 cubic feet 1 cord. PROBLEMS. 1. Estimate the number of cords of wood that could be put upon the floor of the school room if the desks were removed and the wood piled to the depth of four feet. 2. If 4-foot wood is piled 6 feet high what must be the length of the pile to contain 100 cords? 3. How many cords of wood in a pile 8 feet wide, 8 feet high, and 16 feet long? 4. Compare the amount of wood in the pile described in problem 3, with the amount in a pile one half as wide, one half as high, and one half as long. 5. If I pay $1.10 a cord for sawing wood, cutting each 4-foot stick into 3 pieces, how much ought I to pay for cutting each 4-foot stick into 4 pieces? 6. A pile of wood 4 ft. high, 4 ft. wide, and 192 ft. long contains cords. How many cords in a pile 4 feet high, 192 feet long, and 46 inches wide? 7. A pile of wood is as wide as it is high and 32 feet long. It contains 9 cords. What is the width and height of the pile? 8. How many cords of 4-foot wood can be piled in a cellar that is 24 feet wide and 32 feet long, provided the pile is 4 feet high and one end of each 4-foot stick touches a wall of the cellar? Denominate Numbers-Volume Measure. 342. Rough Stone is usually measured by the cord. A pile 4 feet high, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet long or its equivalent, is 1 cord. NOTE. One cord of good stone is sufficient for about 100 cubic feet of wall. Hence in estimates it is customary to use the number 100 instead of 128; that is, as many cords of stone will be required for a given wall as 100 cubic feet is contained times in the number of cubic feet in the wall. PROBLEMS. 1. Estimate the number of cords of stone necessary for a cellar wall 18 inches thick, the inside dimensions of the cellar being 15 feet by 18 feet and 7 feet deep, no allowance being made for openings in the wall. 2. What are the outside dimensions of the wall of the cellar described in problem 1? 3. What length of wall 7 feet high and 18 inches thick is equivalent, so far as amount of stone is concerned, to the cellar wall described in problem 1 ? 4. If of the depth of the cellar described above is to be below the surface of the ground, how many cubic yards of earth must be excavated? 5. How many per cent less of stone will be required for a 16-inch wall than for an 18-inch wall? 6. Estimate the stone necessary for a wall 100 yards long, 11 feet high, and 2 feet thick. 7. If the specific gravity of stone is 2 and each cord is equivalent to 100 solid feet, how much does a cord of stone weigh? 8. If the specific gravity of a certain stone is 24, what is the weight of a block 8 feet by 2 feet by 2 feet? Denominate Numbers-Volume Measure. 343. An ordinary brick is 2 in. by 4 in. by 8 in. and weighs about 4 pounds. PROBLEMS. 1. How many bricks are equivalent to 1 cubic foot? NOTE. When bricks are laid in mortar in the usual way, about 22 bricks are required to make a cubic foot of wall. 2. Estimate the number of bricks necessary for a cellar wall 12 inches thick, the inside dimensions of the cellar being 15 feet by 18 feet, and 7 feet deep, no allowance being made for openings in the wall? 3. What are the outside dimensions of the wall of the cellar described in problem 2? 4. What length of wall 7 feet high and 12 inches thick is equivalent, so far as the number of bricks required is concerned, to the cellar wall described in problem 2 ? 5. If of the depth of the cellar described above is to be below the surface, how many cubic yards of earth must be excavated? 6. Estimate the number of bricks necessary for a wall 100 yards long, 11 feet high, and 1 foot thick. 7. If a brick is exactly 2 in. by 4 in. by 8 in. and weighs exactly 4 lbs. what is its specific gravity? (Note 16, p. 446.) 8. Find the approximate weight (in tons) of a pile of bricks as long as your school-room, 2 feet wide, and 4 feet high. 9. Find the approximate weight of a chimney, outside dimensions, 16 in. by 16 in., and 20 ft. high, the flue being 8 in. by 8 in. Denominate Numbers-Lumber. 344. A foot of lumber is a board 1 foot square and 1 inch thick or its equivalent. (Note 11, p. 445.) NOTE 1.—An exception to the foregoing is made in the measurement of boards less than 1 inch in thickness. A square foot of such boards is regarded as a foot of lumber, whatever the thickness. EXERCISE. Tell the number of feet of lumber in each of the following boards, the thickness in each case being one inch (or less): 1 in. wide and 12 ft. long. 3 in. wide and 12 ft. long. 7 in. wide and 12 ft. long. 9 in. wide and 12 ft. long. 2 in. wide and 12 ft. long. 4 in. wide and 12 ft. long. 13 in. wide and 12 ft. long. 12 in. wide and 12 ft. long. (a) How many feet (of lumber) in the eight boards? PROBLEMS. 1. How much lumber in 6, 12-ft., 1-in. boards whose widths are 11 in., 13 in., 9 in., 10 in., 12 in., and 14 in.? 2. How much lumber in 5, 12-ft., 3-in. boards whose widths are 10 in., 12 in., 12 in., 11 in., and 14 in.? 3. How much lumber in 7, 12-ft., -in. boards whose widths are 9 in., 8 in., 5 in., 7 in., 8 in., 6 in., and 9 in.? 4. How much lumber in 8, 12-ft., 1-in. boards each of which is 12 inches wide? 5. How much lumber in 54, 12-ft., 1-in. boards each of which is 6 inches wide? (b) Find the sum of the five results. |