3d payment April 1, 1801. 4th payment May 1, 1801. 12,00 30,00 How much remains due on said note the 16th of Sep tember, 1801 P Principal dated February 1, 1800, Interest to May 1, 1800, (3 mo.) $ cts. 500,00 7,50 Amount, 507,50 Paid May 1, 1800, a sum exceeding the interest, 40,00 New principal, May 1, 1800, 467,50 Interest to May 1, 1801, (1 year.) 28,05 Amount, 495,55 Paid Nov. 4, 1800, a sum less than the 445,55 10,02 $455,57 New principal May 1, 1801, Interest to Sept. 16, 1801, (44 mo.) Balance due on the note, Sept. 16, 1801, The payments being applied according to this Rule, keep down the interest, and no part of the interest ever forms a part of the principal carrying interest., COMPOUND INTEREST BY DECIMALS. MULTIPLY the given principal continually by the amount of one pound, or one dollar, for one year, at the rate per cent. given, until the number of multiplications are equal to the given number of years, and the product will be the amount required. OR, In Table I. Appendix, find the amount of one dollar, or one pound, for the given number of years, which multiply by the given principal, and it will give the amount as before. EXAMPLES. 1. What will 400l. amount to in 4 years, per annum, compound interest? at 6 per cent. 400×1,06×1,06×1,06×1,06 £504,99+ or [£504 19s. 9d. 2,75qrs.+ Ans. Whole amount=£504,98800 2. Required the amount of 425 dols. 75 cts. for 3 years, at 6 per cent. compound interest. Ans. $507,7ets.+ 3. What is the compound interest of 555 dols. for 14 years, at 5 per cent.? By Table I. Ans. $543,86cts.+ 4. What will 50 dollars amount to in 20 years, at 6 per cent, compound interest? Ans. $160 35cts. 6m. INVOLUTION. pro Is the multiplying any number with itself, and that duct by the former multiplier; and so on; and the several products which arise are called powers. The number denoting the height of the power, is called the index, or exponent of that power. What is the square of 17,1? Ans. 292,41 Ans. ,007225 Ans. 16387,064 Ans. 20736 Ans. 52 EVOLUTION, OR EXTRACTION OF ROOTS. WHEN the root of any power is required, the business of finding it is called the Extraction of the Root. The root is that number, which by a continual multiplication into itself, produces the given power. Although there is no number but what will produce a perfect power by involution, yet there are many numbers of which precise roots can never be determined. But, by the help of decimals, we can approximate towards the root to any assigned degree of exactness. The roots which approximate, are called surd roots, and those which are perfectly accurate are called rational roots. A Table of the Squares and Cubes of the nine digits. EXTRACTION OF THE SQUARE ROOT. Any number multiplied into itself produces a square. To extract the square root, is only to find a number, which being multiplied into itself, shall produce the given number. RULE. 1. Distinguish the given number into periods of two figures each, by putting a point over the place of units, another over the place of hundreds, and so on; and if there are decimals, point them in the same manner, from units towards the right hand; which points show the number of figures the root will consist of. 2. Find the greatest square number in the first, or left hand period, place the root of it at the right hand of the given number, (after the manner of a quotient in division) for the first figure of the root, and the square number under the period, and subtract it therefrom, and to the remainder bring down the next period for a dividend. 3. Place the double of the root, already found, on the left hand of the dividend for a divisor. 4. Place such a figure at the right hand of the divisor, and also the same figure in the root, as when multiplied into the whole (increased divisor) the product shall be equal to, or the next less than the dividend, and it will be the second figure in the root. 5. Subtract the product from the dividend, and to the remainder join the next period for a new dividend. 6. Double the figures already found in the root, for a new divisor, and from these find the next figure in the root as last directed, and continue the operation in the same manner, till you have brought down all the periods. Or, to facilitate the foregoing Rule, when you have brought down a period, and formed a dividend, in order to find a new figure in the root, you may divide said dividend, (omitting the right hand figure thereof,) by double the root already found, and the quotient will commonly be the figures sought, or being made less one or two, wil generally give the next figure in the quotient. EXAMPLES. 1. Required the square root of 141225,64. 141225,64(375,8 the root exactly without a remainder; 9 67)512 469 745)4525 3725 7508)60064 60064 but when the periods belonging to any given number are exhausted, and still feave a remainder, the operation may be continued at pleasure, by annexing periods of cyphers, &c. 0 remains. Reduce the fraction to its lowest terms for this and all other roots; then 1. Extract the root of the numerator for the new numerator, and the root of the denominator, for a new denominator. 2. If the fraction be a surd, reduce it to a decimal, and extract its root. EXAMPLES. 162 1024 1. What is the square root of 98 ? 6. What is the square root of 25 Answers 15 32 15 9128+ ,7745+ 8. Required the square root of 361 ? 6,0207+ APPLICATION AND USE OF THE SQUARE ROOT PROBLEM I. A certain General has an army of 5184 men; how many must he place in rank and file, to form them into a square? |