Reduce dollars, &c. to the former currency of New- RULE. If the sum is dollars only, multiply by 3, and divide by 8, the quotient is pounds; if the sum is dollars and cents, subtract one tenth of the whole sum from itself, the remainder is pence. Examples. 1. Reduce 628 dollars to Delaware currency, &c. 628×3÷8=£235 10s. Ans. 2. Reduce 2512 dollars to New Jersey currency. Ans. £942. 3. Reduce $2565-20 to Maryland currency, &c. o' )2565.20 256.52 subtract. 12)230868 20)19239 £961 19s. Ans. South Carolina and Georgia currency reduced to dols. cts. and the contrary. RULE.-If the sum to be reduced is pounds, multiply by 30, and divide by 7, the quotient is dollars; (a dollar in South Carolina is equal to 4s. 8d. or seven thirtieths of a pound); if there are shillings and pence, &c. reduce the whole to pence, annex two cyphers and divide by 56, the quotient i cents. Examples. 1. It is required to reduce £56 to dollars, &c. 56 7)1680 8240 Ans. 2. It is required to reduce £21 to dollars, &c. 3. Reduce £22 9s. 4d. to dols. &c. Ans. $90. Ans. $96.284. Dollars, &c. reduced to Georgia, and South Carolina currency. RULE. Multiply dollars by 7, and divide by 30, the quotient is pounds; if there are cents in the sum, multiply by 56, reject two figures from the right of the product, the rest of the figures are pence. Examples. 1. Reduce $240 to Georgia currency, &c. 240X7÷30=£56 Ans. 2. Reduce $90 to South Carolina currency, &c. 90X730=£21 Anş. 3. Reduce $96-284 to Georgia currency. 96.284 56 57768 48140 32 12)5392.00 4498.4d.=622 9s. 4d. Ans. To reduce Canada and Nova Scotia currency to the present currency of the United States, and the contrary. RULE. When the sum to be reduced is pounds; multiply by 4, the product is dollars, (1 dol. is equal to 5 shillings in Canada, &c.); if shillings and pence are in the sum, reduce the whole to pence, annex 2 cyphers, and divide by 60, (note, 60 pence are equal to, a. dol.) the quotient is cents. Examples. 1. Reduce 108 to dollars. 2. Reduce £121 to dollars. 108X4-$432 Ans. 121x4-8484 Ans. 3. Reduce £1057 5s. Canada currency, to döl lars, &c. 1057 5 21145. 12. 253740.00÷60=$4229′00 Ans. Dollars, &c. reduced to the currency of Canada and Nova Scotia. RULE.-If the sum to be reduced is dollars, divide them by 4, the quotient is pounds; if there are dollars and cts. multiply by 60 rejecting two figures on the right, the product is pence. Examples 1. Reduce $432 to Canadá currency, &c. 432÷4=£108 ḍns. 2. Reduce 8484 to Canada currency, &c. 484÷4 6121 Ans. 6 3. Reduce $4229-20 to Canada currency, &c. 422920 60 12)253752 00 21146+20=£1057 6s. Ans. The present currency of England reduced to the present currency of the United States. When the sum is pounds only.* RULE.-Multiply the pounds by 4.44 and point off 2 figures from the right, for cents, the rest are dollars. Examples. 1. Reduce £16 sterling to dollars. 16×4·44 $71.04 cts. Ans. 2. Reduce 223 pounds, sterling to dols. &c. Ans. $990:12. If the sum consists of pounds and shillings. RULE. To the pounds annex half the number of shillings, in the place of tenths; multiply the whole by 4.44, and point off three figures from the right, for cents and mills, the rest are dollars: If the shillings are odd; annex the greatest even half, and for the odd shilling annex 5 in the place of hundredths, multiply by 4.44, and point off 4 figures for cents, &c. the rest are dollars. Examples. 1. Reduce £19 19s. to dollars, &c. 19-95X4-44 $88-5780 Ans. 2. Reduce £127 16s. to dollars, &c. Ans. $567-432. * In England accounts are kept in pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, sterling: 4 farthings make 1 penny; 12 pence. shilling; 20 shillings 1 pound, sterling. PART SECOND. MENSURATION OF PLANES AND SOLIDS. ་ DUODECIMALS, OR CROSS MULTIPLICATION. DEFINITION. Duodecimals is a rule used much in the mensuration of superficies and solids; and teaches to multiply feet and inches, by feet and inches without reducing. Inches are called primes and are marked thus ('); inches are divided into twelfths, or seconds, and marked thus ("); thirds, or the twelfth part of a second is marked thus ("); thus all denominations less than a foot decrease in a twelve fold proportion and are designated by these characters, inches ('), seconds ("), thirds (""), fourths (""), fifths (""), &c. RULE. Write down the number to be multiplied, in feet and primes, or inches, &c. and under it write down the number to multiply by; observing to write every denomination under that of the same name; multiply the highest denomination of the multiplier into all the denominations of the multiplicand, observing to se down all over twelve, and carry the twelves to the next higher denomination; continue to multiply by every denomination of the multiplier, observing to remove the products as many places to the right, as the number you are multiplying by stands to the right of the highest; add up the products in the same order in which they stand, carry one for every twelve, the sum is the answer or product required, |