long period, on approaching the planet Jupiter was diverted and not only changed in orbit, but became entangled in his satellites for 2-65 days, during which time the comet made a complete revolution around Jupiter, passing over an arc of 313 of longitude. Previous to this approach to the great disturbing planet, he ascribes to comet Brooks a period of 31-38 years, with an uncertainty of 12 year. The tendency of the research is to disprove the identity of this comet with that of Lexel, though the latter passed also between Jupiter and his satellites; but the matter has been much discussed, and the suspected identity will probably never be either substantiated or disproved.

Spectrum of Comet b 1894 (Gale).—With a narrow slit, Prof. Campbell saw a bright line at wave length 563, terminating the yellow band; another at 474, terminating the blue band; and two bright lines in the green band were measured at wave lengths 5,163-5 and 5,124. His conclusion was that the four lines were the edges of carbon bands at wave lengths 5,635, 4,737, 5.1653, and 5,129, which in every respect seemed to agree with the observations of Prof. Vogel. The spectrum was photographed on several nights, with long exposures. On one evening 6 bright lines were recorded; on another, 15 bright lines and the unresolved band at wave length 47 were depicted, and, later, with greatly extended exposure, 22 bright lines were photographed. Comparison of this spectrum with that of comet b 1893 shows the two to be identical. The conclusion arrived at is that the principal lines are due to the presence in both comets of carbon and cyanogen, but the origin of several of the fainter lines is unknown. The spectrum of comets more nearly resembles that of a burning compound of carbon than one of carbon made incandescent by electricity.

Jupiter's Family of Comets.-Nearly all, if not every one, of the comets of short period were made thus by the perturbing influence of Jupiter, and hence their paternity is ascribed to him. In their journey to the sun they traveled near the giant planet, whose superior attraction changed their orbits from ellipses of long period, or perchance parabolas, to ellipses of short period. The appended list is his family record so far as known. Nearly all have been observed at more than one apparition: Lexel's of 1770, De Vico's, D'Arrest's, Finlay's, Denning's I, Denning's II, Faye's, Tempel's I, Tempel's II, Swift's I, Swift's II, Barnard's I, Barnard's II, Brooks's I, Brooks's II, Encke's, Spitaler's, Brorsen's, Wolf's, Holmes's, Winnecke's, Tuttle's, Biela's (lost).

There are a few others having short computed periods, but too much uncertainty attaches to them to warrant their introduction into this table.

Asteroids. This year there has been a lull in the discovery of these little planets, and but few new members have been added to the asteroid group. In March, 1893, as many, less one, were found as have been discovered in the past eleven months. But astronomy is the gainer by the infrequency of their detection. The following list comprises all those to be added to the catalogue incorporated in the last volume:

Feb. 11, 1894 Jan. 30, 1894 Mar. 1, 1894 Mar. 1, 1894

AY

Wolf.

= ᎪᏃ

Courty.

Mar. 5, 1894 So far as known, not one of these has received a name, nor have any names been given, save a few, to those found in 1891-'93. The entire number of these bodies is a little uncertain, but will not vary much from 388.

Diameters of Asteroids.-As is well known, measurement of the diameters of the asteroids has been deemed impossible, but Dr. Barnard thinks the brightest of them easily measurable with the 36-inch telescope of the Lick Observatory. "Astronomy and Astro-Physics" for May, 1894, contains a history of the determination by several astronomers of the diameters of Ceres, Pallas, and Vesta, but the results are very discordant. All measurements hitherto have given the largest diameter to Vesta; but Dr. Barnard, with the great telescope, using a power of 1,000, has made micrometrical measures of Ceres, Pallas, and Vesta, and has found the diameter of Ceres twice as large as either of the others. Subjoined are his filar-micrometer measures of these three planetoids:

Meteors. While information has been had from various parts of the world of about the usual number of bolides, yet, as usual, the accounts are so at variance that it is difficult to obtain data of sufficient exactness for computation of reliable orbits. A gratifying exception is the report of a meteor of this sort seen at and in the vicinity of Grahamstown, Cape of Good Hope, on the evening of April 6, 1894, which is thus described by Mr. L. A. Eddie, F. R. A. S.: "When first seen it was about 6° above the western horizon, moving very slowly to the east, having in its wake a brilliant train some 30 in length and 2° or 3° in width, much resembling a bright comet with a long tail. When nearing the eastern horizon the flame was extinguished and it resumed the appearance of a glowing ball of molten matter, as it had on its first apparition in the west. It was visible for thirty seconds. The cause of its slow motion was, doubtless, its direction of motion, that having been from west to east, the same as that of the earth." He adds: "I had never before seen a fire ball rise and set as this one did. There was no accom

panying noise or appearance of an explosion during visibility. It was seen at various places in the colony, and all agree that no noise was heard or explosion seen.'

A majority of fire balls move in the same direction as the earth, or from west to east, and, as the motion of both is about the sun, such meteors overtake the earth. On the contrary, those having a retrograde motion are themselves overtaken by the earth. Results derived from observation of 321 of the largest fire balls seen during the past thirty years show 59.2 per cent. of the former class and 40-8 per cent. of the latter.

Binary Systems.-The following are a few binary systems for which orbits of more or less exactness have been computed:

Constant of Aberration.—Mr. Preston, of the United States Coast Survey, having discussed the observations made at Waikiki, Hawaiian Islands, finds it necessary to make a correction to the generally accepted value of the constant of aberration from 20:445′′ to 20-433" ± 0·034. This value, combined with the latest determinations of the velocity of light (186,333 miles) and Clark's value of the earth's radius (3,963-3 miles), gives the sun's distance and equatorial horizontal parallax as follow: Distance, 92,700,000 miles; parallax, 8-82".

Change in the Astronomical Day.-In answer to the question asked of astronomers in all countries by the Physical Society of Toronto, whether it be desirable that the astronomical day should begin at midnight instead of at noon, 179 replies were received-107 in favor of and 63 adverse to the proposed change. Of the opposition most were Germans. The time indicated for the inauguration of this change of the day's beginning is the first day of the twentieth century, Jan. 1, 1901.

Universal-time Movement.-Considerable progress has been made, both during the past and the present year, by the project for the adoption by the Eastern Continent of a zonal system of time similar to that which for several years has been in use in the United States and Canada. Germany has adopted mid-European time, one hour fast of Greenwich, and made it the legal time of the German Empire. The same system obtains in Italy, Denmark, and Switzerland. England, Belgium, and Holland use Greenwich time. Japan and Australia are nine hours fast of Greenwich time. The United States and Canada are four, five, six, seven, and eight hours slow of Greenwich time, and the differences are named colonial, eastern, central, mountain, and Pacific time, respectivelv. When the standard time was changed in Italy the twenty-four hour system of reckoning was introduced also, 0 hour being midnight.

Astrographic Charts.-Work on these charts may now be regarded as fairly begun. Up to

the beginning of the present year reports were received from 7 of the associated observatories that the plates secured amounted to 1,731, the total number assigned to them being 8,308. If the unreported observatories are equally advanced there should be no difficulty in completing the catalogue plates before the year 1900. Of chart plates, however, only 415 have been taken by the same 7 observatories, so that the date of completion of the long-exposure negatives, even without duplication, is still very uncertain. Letters from the directors of several observatories engaged in the work testify to the practical difficulties encountered by them, notably with the Réscaux, the films of which seem liable to perish, causing faults in the photographs.

Celestial Photography.-The application of photography to astronomical purposes is rapidly extending, and is arousing a spirit of emulation not confined to the great observatories, nor to eminent specialists like Roberts and Barnard, and is achieving valuable results.

MM. Loewy and Puiseux, of the Paris Observatory, at a recent meeting of the Paris Academy of Sciences, exhibited some photographs of the moon, taken with the equatorial coudee, which were larger than those taken at Lick Observatory, and bore enlarging well. One of the enlargements represented the moon on a scale nearly six feet in diameter, rare, indeed, because the atmosphere will seldom allow the taking of a photograph of which such enlargement is possible.

Photographic Nebulæ.-Suspecting that there was a nebulous region hitherto unknown in the vicinity of the Pleiades, not reckoning the nebula of the cluster itself, Dr. Barnard subjected that portion of the sky to an exposure of 10h 15m, and secured a number of singular curved and streaky nebulosities apparently connected with the Pleiades, and extending all about the group. Some of these streams stretch out irregularly several degrees on either side of the cluster.

North of the Pleiades, from right ascension 3h 20m to over 4", and from declination + 30° to several degrees farther north, is a district singularly devoid of small stars, but filled with large masses of exceedingly diffused nebulosity, never before known or imagined. Differing from all other nebulous clusters, the nebulosity of the Pleiades is condensed about the individual stars.

In December, 1892, and January, 1893, the entire constellation of Cassiopeia was photographed by Dr. Max Wolf, which revealed the structure of the Milky Way. Also numerous nebula were recorded on the plates (with exposures of fifteen and sixteen hours), which were to a large extent connected one with another by faint nebulous bands and streamers. tions as a typical form of these nebula that of a funnel narrowing to a curved tube or pipe, which ends in a chain or series of stars.

He men

Publications.-Prof. S. W. Burnham, in a quarto volume of 255 pages, Vol. II, " Annals of Lick Observatory,” has recorded his own work on double stars--the result of his studies with the 36-inch and 12-inch refractors of that institution. He gives full details of micrometrical measurements of between 800 and 900 objects. In discussing his measures of the celebrated

trapezium of Orion, or Theta Orionis, he enters into an elaborate examination of the alleged discoveries with small telescopes of stars in and about the trapezium, and gives a diagrain of all that have been seen by the 36-inch telescope, amounting to only 3, besides the 6 wellknown ones forming the trapezium. In the progress of his study of the double stars he has discovered 9 new nebula, has taken measures of 28 planetary nebulæ, and has made observations of the physical structure of 38 other nebulæ. The importance attaching to the micrometrical measurements of the planetary nebulæ arises from the fact that almost every one has a star in its exact center. The precise place of a nebula which has within it no visible star can not be accurately determined. Though, doubtless, all are in motion, yet no movement has ever been determined in any nebula, or any variation in brightness.

Monthly Notices" of the Royal Astronomical Society of England, for June, 1894, contains 2 maps drawn from Dreyer's New General Catalogue of nebula and clusters, made on an equalsurface projection, showing their general distribution in both the northern and the southern heavens. The resolvable nebulæ are marked with red dots, the irresolvable with black, and the clusters are indicated by a cross. The author is Sidney Watters.

Another valuable record may be found in No. 325 of the "Astronomical Journal," which is wholly occupied by Dr. Barnard, of Lick Observatory, with accounts of the micrometrical measurements, by the 36-inch glass, of the fifth satellite of Jupiter and of the planet Jupiter itself. He, the discoverer of the new satellite, looks with disfavor on the numerous propositions by astronomers to confer upon this little new-found moon a mythological name, and his wish is that it be known simply as the fifth satellite of Jupiter. These are the results of his measures of the planet: Equatorial diameter, 90,19056 miles; polar diameter, 84,570±75 miles; polar compression,

Dr. Barnard finally adopts as the period of the new satellite 11h 57m 22-6188 +0.013.

Cordoba Durchmusterung.-Vol. XVI of the publications of the Observatorio Nacional Argentino contains the first installment of an immense and most important work. It is a continuance from the southern limit-in reality overlapping it by one degree-of the celebrated astronomers Argelander and Schonfield of their Durchmusterung, and records the positions and magnitudes of all the stars to the tenth magnitude inclusive, from south declination 22° to 32°.

Vol. XVII continues the Durchmusterung from declination south 32° to 42°. In the two volumes are comprised the positions and magnitudes of 340,380 stars from the first to the tenth magnitudes. The area covered is 6,075 square degrees of a great circle. It shows an average density of 562 stars to a square degree. In the Milky Way the density occasionally reached to 160 stars. For the preparation of both catalogues 1,108,600 observations were required. This herculean work was performed between 1885 and 1891 by Prof. John M. Thome, director of the Cordoba Óbservatory, Argentine Republic, and is comprised in 12 charts, 20 by 26 inches in

size, containing the places of 340,380 stars of the proper magnitudes, and positions for the epoch 1875-0.

Chandler's Second Catalogue of Variable Stars.-All who take an interest in stars of this kind will welcome the appearance of this list. Its arrangement is very complete in respect to place, color, limits of range, period, epoch, and terms of inequality, while interesting particulars are added in footnotes. It is considered a valuable acquisition to the literature of variable stars.

In Nos. 3233 and 3234 of the Astronomische Nachrichten, double-star observers will find a catalogue of 187 double stars observed by Prof. G. W. Hough with the 18-inch refractor of Evanston, Ill., and a series of measures of 182 known pairs.

Vol. III, "Annals of Lick Observatory," follows quickly the appearance of Vol. II. It contains 4 monographs of different subjects, the most valuable of the series being by Prof. James E. Keeler, now director of Allegheny Observatory, but formerly of the Lick Observatory staff. The treatise relates to his spectroscopic observations of nebula with the appliances on Mount Hamilton. He establishes beyond controversy that the principal nebular line has no connection whatever with the magnesium fluting. His determination of the wave length of the nebular line is 5,007-05 +03 tenth metres, and that of the magnesium fluting 4,959-02 +04 tenth metres. It follows, therefore, that neither of these lines coincides with that of any known terrestrial element. The third nebular line is the H 8, one of the hydrogen lines. The motion of a nebula to or from the earth may be determined by the displacement of the hydrogen line. In this manner Dr. Keeler ascertained that the famous Orion nebula is traveling away from the sun, or that the sun and solar system are leaving the nebula, at the rate of about 11 miles a second. Also that, on the other hand, Struve VI-a planetary nebula, right ascension 18h 7m, declination north 6 50-is moving toward us apparently 6.5 miles a second.

Prizes.-The Arago medal, of the value of 1,000 francs, was awarded to Dr. E. E. Barnard by the French Academy of Sciences on Dec. 18, 1893, for the discovery of the fifth satellite of Jupiter. It was at the same time conferred upon Prof. Asaph Hall, in recognition of his finding of the two moons of Mars in 1877. Only one other has received it-Leverier, for his discovery of Neptune.

The gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of England has been received by Prof. S. W. Burnham, of the University of Chicago, for his discoveries and micrometrical measures of double stars, and for his researches on the orbital motions of binary systems. The number of double stars discovered by him is about 1,300.

The Lalande prize was bestowed upon M. Schulhof for cometary work.

The Valz prize fell to Herr Berberich for work on the asteroids, and the Janssen gold medal was awarded to Prof. Langley, for astronomical physics.

The Donohoe comet prize bronze medal has been forwarded to Mr. Gale for the discovery of comet b 1894. This medal was awarded to Mr.

Denning for the discovery of comet a 1894, but he refused to accept it on the ground that its intrinsic value was inadequate compensation for the labor of comet seeking.

A medal of this sort was cast for the discovery of comet b (Rordame), but, owing to a dispute as to Mr. Rordame's claims, the committee of award determined to withhold it altogether, and to deposit it in the archives of Lick Observatory.

Change of Observatory.-The instruments and equipments of Warner Observatory, Rochester, N. Y., have been removed to Echo mountain, southern California, a spur of the Sierra Madre range, and are now ensconced in the Lowe Observatory, just completed. This station is in Los Angeles County, 15 miles north of the city of that name, and is 3,700 feet above the level of the sea. Dr. Lewis Swift, director, and Mr. Edward D. T. Swift, assistant, constitute the working force of the institution.

Transit of Mercury.-It is too early to transmit general observations of this phenomenon, as it occurred so recently, but it was well observed at the Lowe Observatory, both with the 16-inch refractor and with the 4-inch comet seeker, and was the first astronomical episode of the newly transplanted observatory. The times of contact were noted by Mrs. A. L. Miller for the observers, and were as follow: Ingress, first contact, 7h 57m 10s A. M.; ingress, second contact, 7h 58m 36 A. M. Egress, first contact, 1h 11m 26s P. M.; egress, second contact, 1h 13m 10s P. M.

AUSTRALASIA, one of the grand divisions of the globe, composed mainly of British colonies. The five colonies of the continent of Australia, the adjacent colony of Tasmania, and New Zealand are self-governing, having elective parliaments consisting of two houses, and responsible ministers. The home Government has a right of veto, which it exercises, through the Governor, only in case a measure is deemed prejudicial to imperial rights or interests.

Postal and Telegraph Projects.-A conference arranged toward the end of 1893 between the governments of the Australasian colonies met in Wellington, New Zealand, March 5, 1894, to consider the Pacific cable question, intercolonial postal notes, parcel-post service with the United States, postal communication with Cape Colony, and penny postage between Great Britain and Australasia.

The conference approved the laying of a cable between Bundaberg. Queensland, and Vancouver, touching at Noumea, in New Caledonia, Fiji, Apia, in Samoa, Fanning island, and Honolulu. The Australian colonies expected to share with the British and Canadian governments a guarantee of 4 per cent. for fourteen years on £1,800,000, and hoped to obtain the capital in Great Britain, Canada, the United States, Germany, and France. The tariff should be restricted to 38. per word between Australian stations and Great Britain, and 1s. 6d. for press dispatches. Another proposed route was from Ahaipara Bay, New Zealand, to Vancouver, with extension from New Zealand to Brisbane, rejecting the section that was laid in 1893 between Noumea and Bundaberg by a French company with Government aid. The British Government, for political and strategic reasons, objected to having any landing on other than British soil, and when the

question was discussed at the Intercolonial Conference that met in Ottawa, Canada, in June, that was the understanding. At this conference a preliminary survey, to cost not over £25,000, was authorized, of the expense of which Canada, Australasia, and Great Britain will each bear one third. Siemens, the German electrician, offered to lay the cable for £2,000,000. The mail service between Great Britain and Australia via the Canadian Pacific Railroad by means of a fleet of steamers running between British Columbia and Australian ports was inaugurated by private enterprise. The Canadians purpose to make it a purely British route, by placing a line of fast packets on the Atlantic, and their Government offers a subsidy of £150,000 a year to the new service, while the British Government is expected to pay £75,000, the same subsidy that the Peninsular and Oriental and Orient lines receive.

The Postal Conference condemned the immediate reduction of letter postage between Great Britain and the colonies to 1d., as the reduction in 1891 to 24d. had entailed an annual loss of £40,000 to the colonies, and the necessary reduction of the intercolonial rate from 2d. to 1d. would involve an additional loss of £250,000.

New South Wales.-The oldest of the Australasian colonies has had responsible government since 1855. The Legislative Council has 73 members, who are appointed for life by the Government. The Assembly, under the act that abolished the property qualification and plural votes, approved June 13, 1893, is composed of 125 members, elected for three years, in separate districts, by all male citizens over twenty-one years of age who have resided three months in the district. All elections are held on the same day. A residence of one year in the colony gains the franchise for a British subject. Members are paid £300 per annum. Sir Robert W. Duff began his functions as Governor on May 29, 1893. The Cabinet in the beginning of 1894 was composed as follows: Premier and Colonial Secretary, Sir George R. Dibbs; Colonial Treasurer, John See; Attorney-General, Charles G. Heydon; Secretary for Lands, Henry Copeland; Secretary for Public Works, William J. Lyne; Minister of Public Instruction, Francis B. Suttor; Postmaster-General, John Kidd; Minister of Justice and Secretary for Mines and Agriculture, T. M. Slattery; Vice-President of the Executive Council and Representative of the Government in the Legislative Council, Dr. Maclaurin.

The colony has an area of about 310,700 square miles, and an estimated population, on Dec. 31, 1892, of 1,197,650-646,540 of the male and 551,110 of the female sex. In the census of 1891 464,937 persons were returned as actual workers, of whom 140,941 were in industrial, 136,375 in agricultural, pastoral, and mining, 87,967 in commercial, 58,393 in domestic, 30,879 in professional, and 10,382 in undefined occupations. The dependent persons numbered 655,964, including 12.478 supported by public or private charity. The only large city is Sydney, the capital, which contained an estimated population of 411,710 at the end of 1892. The net immigration in 1892 was 9,510, against 17,846 in 1891. The influx of Chinese has been stopped by the poll tax of £100, which has been collected since 1888 in all the col

onies except Western Australia. The number of arrivals dropped from 1,848 in 1888 to 7 in 1889. In 1892 there were 21 arrivals and 755 departures. The number of marriages in 1892 was 8,022; of births, 40,041; of deaths, 14,441; surplus of births, 25,631. Education is compulsory. There were 2,724 state schools in 1892, of which 5 were high schools, 231 superior public schools, and 1,699 primary schools, having 4,636 teachers and 210,641 enrolled pupils, with 132,250 in average attendance. The University of Sydney received £18,100 from the state in 1892, about half its total revenue.

The total revenue of the Government in 1892 was £10,501,104, of which £3,449,787 was derived from taxes, £2,214,062 was land revenue, and £4,591,498 was earned by the public services, consisting of the railroads, tramways, telegraphs, post office, etc. The taxation includes £2,677,890 from customs, £289,603 from excise, £349,794 from stamps, and £132,500 from licenses. The total expenditure in 1892 was £10,536,820, whereof £2,150,220 was for railway and telegraph services, £759,017 for posts and telegraphs, £1,979,327 for interest and extinction of the debt, £2,333 for immigration, £847,790 for instruction, and £4,798,133 for other public works and services. The public debt on Dec. 31, 1892, was £54,473,433. The expenditure from loans up to that date had been £52,124,865, of which £37,417,319 went for railroads and tramways, £801,301 for telegraphs, £3,196,164 for harbor and river improvements, £791,309 for roads and bridges, £6,119,840 for water supply and sewerage, £1,096,530 for fortifications and war material, and £2,132,472 for other objects. The average rate of interest paid on the debt is 3.8 per cent. The net revenue from public services is 3 per cent. of the cost of construction, and when it is deducted the interest of the debt is reduced to less than 1.4 per cent. The Government is authorized to raise £20,281,362 more to complete the programme of public works construction. The estimated wealth of the colony at the end of 1892 was £593,286,500, of which £181,925,500 represents the assets of the Government, consisting of revenue-producing railroads, water works, etc., valued at £46,752,900, works and buildings worth £23,493,400 yielding no direct revenue, £13,671,200 due on lands purchased from the state, and public lands leased but still unsold valued at £98,008,000; £7,213,000 is the value of municipal property; and £404,148,000 is the valuation of private wealth, of which £179,043,000 is in land, £126,896,000 in buildings and other improvements, and £98,209,000 in other kinds of property. The Government received £47,033,106 from sales of land between 1862 and 1893. The quantity alienated was 46,295,954 acres. The quantity held on pastoral leases is 130,309,466 acres. The total land area of the colony is 195,882,150 acres. Only 1,010,727 acres were under cultivation. The Government has authority to sell lots not exceeding 640 acres in the eastern or 2,560 in the central division, at £1 per acre before survey, also additional lots after the completion of the term of residence and payment by installments; or without the condition of actual residence the maximum area of 320 acres is open to selection at £2 per acre; and auction sales are held for Government land in blocks not

to exceed 640 acres, or, in all, 200,000 acres per annum, at the upset price of £1 5s, for agricultural land and £8 per acre for town lots. There are 97,712 acres of state forests and 5,694,035 acres of timber reserves. The live stock of the colony on Jan. 1, 1893, consisted of 58,080,114 sheep, 2,147,074 cattle, 481,416 horses, and 249,522 hogs. The value of the gold produced in 1892 was £569,178; of copper, £114,559; of tin, £152,994; of coal, £1,462,388. The silver deposits of the Barrier range district, near the border of South Australia, extending over 2,500 square miles, are the most profitable mines of the country, especially the Broken Hill mines, which are as rich as the Nevada bonanzas. In 1891 silver valued at £56,884 was raised, and silver and lead ores of the value of £2,420,950. Veins of auriferous quartz were discovered in February, 1894, at Wyalong, 33 miles southwest of Sydney.

During 1892 there were 686 vessels, of 675,223 tons, entered, and 689, of 656,100 tons, cleared. The shipping of the colony consisted of 314 sailing vessels, of 35,234 tons, and 179 steamers, of 39.347 tons. The Government railroads of 1893 had an aggregate length of 1.886 miles, of which 716 miles were in the North Island and 1,170 in the South Island. There were, besides, 150 miles of private lines. The cost of construction of the Government railways was £15.497,783. The receipts for 1892-'93 were £1,181,521, and the expenses £732,141. The telegraphs, on Jan. 1, 1893, had a total length of 5,479 miles, with 13,459 miles of wire. The number of messages in 1892 was 1,904,143. There are 3,160 miles of telephone belonging to the Government. The post office in 1892 carried 50,610,742 letters, 2,571,036 postal cards, 13,283,387 books and parcels, and 18,557,565 newspapers.

The value of imports in 1892 was £20,776,526, and of exports £21.972,247. The customs revenue amounted to 13 per cent. of the total value of the imports. The exportation of domestic produce amounted to £17,707,102. The quantity of wool exported was 323,052.014 pounds, valued at £10,540,147. Imports from the United States amounted to £823,522; exports to the United States, £1,529,980. During 1892 there were entered 2,960 vessels, of 2,804,549 tons, and cleared 3.067 vessels, of 2,842,635 tons; 60 sailing vessels and 46 steamers (total tonnage, 9,130 tons) constitute the commercial navy of the colony. The Government railroads, on June 30, 1893, had an aggregate length of 2,351 miles, besides 419 miles of tramways. There were 81 miles of private railroads. Of wagon roads the Government has built 32,832 miles, of which 10.073 miles are metaled, ballasted, or graveled. The telegraphs in the beginning of 1893 had 26,443 miles of wire. During the previous year 4,046,251 telegrams were sent. The telegraphs and telephones yielded a net revenue of £185,014. The postal traffic was 76,575,400 letters, 827,360 cards, 45,520,500 newspapers, and 12,380,200 packets. The income was £447,945: expenditure, £447,726.

Parliament, which had been prorogued early in December in the midst of a ministerial crisis, assembled in regular session on Jan. 17, 1894. On an amendment to the address censuring the Government for the manner in which Parliament had been prorogued, the ministers were sustained by the close vote of 67 to 66. One of them, Mr.