Human Sacrifice in Ancient GreeceRoutledge, 11 Ιαν 2013 - 316 σελίδες Numerous ancient texts describe human sacrifices and other forms of ritual killing: in 480 BC Themistocles sacrifices three Persian captives to Dionysus; human scapegoats called pharmakoi are expelled yearly from Greek cities, and according to some authors they are killed; Locrin girls are hunted down and slain by the Trojans; on Mt Lykaion children are sacrificed and consumed by the worshippers; and many other texts report human sacrifices performed regularly in the cult of the gods or during emergencies such as war and plague. Archaeologists have frequently proposed human sacrifice as an explanation for their discoveries: from Minoan Crete children's bones with knife-cut marks, the skeleton of a youth lying on a platform with a bronze blade resting on his chest, skeletons, sometimes bound, in the dromoi of Mycenaean and Cypriot chamber tombs; and dual man-woman burials, where it is suggested that the woman was slain or took her own life at the man's funeral. If the archaeologists' interpretations and the claims in the ancient sources are accepted, they present a bloody and violent picture of the religious life of the ancient Greeks, from the Bronze Age well into historical times. But the author expresses caution. In many cases alternative, if less sensational, explanations of the archaeological are possible; and it can often be shown that human sacrifices in the literary texts are mythical or that late authors confused mythical details with actual practices.Whether the evidence is accepted or not, this study offers a fascinating glimpse into the religious thought of the ancient Greeks and into changing modern conceptions of their religious behaviour. |
Περιεχόμενα
1 | |
2 Archaeological evidence | 13 |
3 Funerary ritual killing in Greek literature and history | 49 |
4 Human sacrifice in Greek myth cult and history | 71 |
5 The pharmakos and related rites | 139 |
the Locrian maiden tribute | 166 |
7 Conclusion | 185 |
Appendix A Cut marks and mass burials | 194 |
Appendix B Pylos tablet Tn 316 | 199 |
Notes | 203 |
Bibliography | 258 |
278 | |
288 | |
Άλλες εκδόσεις - Προβολή όλων
Συχνά εμφανιζόμενοι όροι και φράσεις
Abdera Achilles Alex altar ancient animal sacrifice Apollod appears Arcadian archaeological Artemis Athamas Athenian Athens Brauron Brelich Bremmer burial buried Burkert Callimachus century Chadwick chamber cult custom cut marks Cypriot Cypro-Geometric Cyprus Damarchus daughter death Dionysus dromos Epimenides Euripides evidence excavated Farnell FGrHist Fontenrose fragments funeral funerary Gebhard goddess Graf grave Greece Greek Henrichs Herodotus Hipponax historical Homer human bones human sacrifice human victims inscription interpretation Iphigeneia Istros King Lapithos Locrians Lycoph Lykaios maidens Meuli Minoan Mycenaean Mylonas myth mythical Nilsson oracle original passage Patroclus Paus Pausanias performed period Persson Phainias pharmakos pharmakos rituals Phrixus Plut Plutarch Polyxena possible practice purification pyre references rites ritual killing sacrificed Sakellaraki 1979 Sakellarakis Sakellarakis and Sakellaraki Salamis sanctuary Schol scholars Schwenn seems skeletons slain slaughter slaves slaying stone story Strabo suggested suttee tomb tribute Trojan Troy Tzetzes vengeance Zeus Zeus Lykaios