CIVIL ENGINEERING.

58.-HYDRAULIC AND RAILWAY ENGINEERING.

(a) HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING.-The water supply of towns, and the design and construction of the various works required.

SANITARY ENGINEERING.-Various systems of sewerage. House drainage. Sewerage disposal. The destruction of nightsoil, street garbage, refuse from slaughter houses, &c. The design and construction of the various works required in connection with Sanitary Engineering.

HARBOUR ENGINEERING.-Description and classification of the principal harbours. The design and construction of breakwaters and harbour works, docks, &c.

RIVERS AND CANALS.-The design and construction of the various works in connection with river improvements. Ship canals, &c.

(b) RAILWAY ENGINEERING. The location of roads and railways. The design and construction of railway works, such as earthworks, tunnels, bridges, permanent way, signals, points and crossings, interlocking systems, passenger and goods stations, locomotive engines, rolling stock, brakes, couplings, and other railway appliances. Road work, paving of carriage ways.

BOOKS AND PAPERS RECOMMENDED FOR REFERENCE IN DESCRIPTIVE ENGINEERING. Humber's Water Supply; the Manchester Waterworks, by Bateman; Spon's Dictionary; Waring's Sewerage and Land Drainage; Sewage Disposal, by W. Santo Crimp: Stevenson's Harbours and Docks; Stevenson's Rivers and Canals; Vernon Harcourt's Harbours and Docks; Vernon Harcourt's Rivers and Canals; the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and also of the American Society of Civil Engineers: the various reports of Sir John Coode; the various reports on the Sewerage of the principal towns of Australia; Roads and Streets, by D. K. Clark; Barry's Railway Appliances; Gribble's Preliminary Surveys and Estimates; Wilcocks' Egyptian Irrigation. Buckley's Irrigation Works in India. Students are expected to read the current numbers of the various Engineerng Journals.

59.-MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES.

The materials used in engineering and building construction their characteristic properties, strength, and durability, with especial reference to iron, steel, timber, concrete, brickwork, masonry. The theory of long columns. Equations of slope and deflection of beams, discontinuous and continuous. The calculation of the stresses from fixed and moving loads in structures such as plate web and lattice girder bridges for roads and rail

Continuous railway

ways. Bowstring and polygonal trusses. bridges. Swing and other movable bridges. Arched, suspension and cantilever bridges, roofs, &c. The design and construction of retaining walls, reservoir dams, piers, abutments and masonry arches. Temporary works in connection with engineering

structures.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED FOR REFERENCE.-Engineering construction in Iron, Steel and Timber, by Professor Warren (Longmans); Rankine's Applied Mechanics and Civil Engineering; Weyrauch on the Structure of Iron and Steel; Unwin's Testing of Materials; Johnson's Materials of Construction; Ritter on Iron Bridges; Lanza's Applied Mechanics; The Strains in Framed Structures, by Dubois; R. H. Smith's Graphics; Clarke's Graphic Statics; Burr's Stresses in Bridges and Roof Trusses; Claxton Fidler's Practical Treatise on Bridge Construction; Report of the New South Wales Railway Bridges Inquiry Commission; Johnson's Theory and Practice of Modern Framed Structures; Baker's Masonry Construction; Patton's Foundations, published by Wiley and Son.

60. DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSMISSION OF POWER.-Determination of most efficient types of engines, boilers and hydraulic motors in particular cases. Design and construction of power stations. Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical transmission of power. Wire rope transmission. Design and construction of pneumatic, hydraulic and electrical machinery.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED.-Unwin's Development and Transmission of Power.

61.-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

The construction of continuous current electrical machinery. Alternating current machinery. The design and preparation of working drawings of generators, transformers and other alternating current apparatus. Instruments and appliances used in electrical testing.

Discussion of the design, equipment and management of hydraulic and steam power stations for electric lighting, traction, and power distribution. Long distance transmission of power by electricity. Special applications of electricity to industrial purposes, such as the driving of workshop tools, cranes, pumps, and other machinery by means of electric motors.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED.-Silvanus Thompson's Dynamo Electric Machinery; Bell's Transmission of Power.

62.-ENGINEERING DRAWING.

All students in Engineering are required to attend lectures in the following subjects, and to continue their practice till they

have satisfied the lecturers as to their proficiency :-' drawing instruments. Systems of lettering, writing and colouring -The use of on engineering and surveying plans, charts, &c. Conventions for the representation of topographical and orographical features.

The Mechanical Drawing course for the first two years includes The practical design of machine details, engines, boilers and machinery. Drawing out valve diagrams, and diagrams of stresses in structures. Designs of bridges, roofs and buildings.

In their final year students are required to prepare an original set of working drawings, having reference to the particular branch of engineering which they have taken up in that year.

THE ENGINEERING LABORATORY.

The Engineering Laboratory is fitted with apparatus for systematic instruction in the experimental methods which are used to determine the physical constants of the chief materials of construction and the numerical data employed in engineering calculations. The laboratory is provided with a Buckton testing machine, capable of exerting a force of 100 tons, especially arranged for accurate tests of large sized specimens such as beams and columns; also with a Greenwood and Battey machine of 100,000 pounds capacity, both being connected to an accumulator, and provided with various descriptions of apparatus for measuring strains, autographic recording apparatus, micrometers, verniers, &c., including a complete outfit of Marten's mirror extensometers. Both machines are adapted for testing in tension, compression, crossbreaking and torsion. An impact testing machine and various pieces of apparatus for testing cements, wire, the lubricating values of oils, and the calorimetric value of fuels. An experimental compound condensing engine and locomotive boiler, provided with indicators, brakes, calorimeters, and all necessary apparatus for testing the efficiency under various conditions of working. Apparatus for the determination of the friction with materials of the form and with the velocities common in engineering work, the measurement of the energy spent in driving machines, and the useful work done by them.

LABORATORY PRACTICE.-Students are required to attend a course in laboratory practice, including-The testing of materials, the practical management and testing of gas engines, steam engines and boilers, the measurement of the flow of water, the

testing of hydraulic motors, the determination of the power absorbed by different machines, and various tests of the value of lubricants.

EXCURSIONS.

Excursions are made each year to works such as the Railway Workshops at Eveleigh, Mort's Dock and Engineering Company, and to the various works in progress in connection with railways, docks, water supply, and sewerage.

63.-SURVEYING.

THE COURSE CONSISTS OF LECTURES AND FIELD DEMONSTRATIONS.

1. GENERAL.-Historical sketch, definition, aim, scope and general theory of survey. Geometrical analysis of its methods. Conditions of precision. General applications of mathematics to the problems of survey. Elementary applications of the theory of probability and theory of errors. Physical and economic limitations in surveying, considered as an art.

2. INSTRUMENTS. - Instruments for lineal and angular measurement, for telemetry and photogrammetry: their structure, examination, adjustment and use. Theory of their inherent defects and of defective manipulation: the influence of these on the precision of survey. The elimination of systematic error.

3. FIELD OPERATIONS. General principles. General principles. Methods of lineal measurement. Plane table surveying and its problems. Traversing in horizontal and vertical planes. Aligning, setting out given angles and circular and other curves. The use of curves of adjustment in railway surveying. Levelling, contouring and grading. Systems of telemetry and their place in schemes of survey. Photogrammetry. The setting out of road and

railways, and of areas; the measurement of earthworks, and of volumes generally. Retrace of survey and problems connected therewith. Cadastral survey. Methods by which surveys made for different purposes may be included as integral parts of a comprehensive scheme.

4. MARKING AND RECORD.-Methods of marking survey. Necessity for permanent marking in cadastral survey. The recording of survey operations generally. Systems of keeping field-records appropriate for various classes of survey.

5. COMPUTATION.-General principles. Mathematical tables, and tables for facilitating various calculations. Graphics.

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Instruments for facilitating calculation: Integrating machines. The closure of survey. Distribution of residual error. Determination of missing elements. Localisation of error. Reduction to coordinate systems. Problems, arising in survey, respecting lines, areas and volumes.

6. CARTOGRAPHY.-General principles of cartography. Instruments required, their examination and use. Protractor and coordinate systems of plotting. The preparation of plans and sections. Conventions in delineating topographical and orographical features. Systems of reducing, enlarging, and reproducing plans. The theory of projection. Projections used in map compilation. Methods of map compilation.

7. HYDRAULICS.-The general applications of hydrodynamics. The flow of water through orifices, over weirs, and overfalls, through pipes, and in sewers, canals, and rivers. Velocity and discharge formulæ. Current meters and their rating. The gauging of discharges. Theory of flow in permeable strata and of artesian flow. Hydraulic computations. The present state of hydraulic theory.

8. HYPSOMETRY.-The theory of thermometric and barometric hypsometry: its application to the hypsometer, and to the aneroid and mercurial barometers. Schemes of hypsometric observation. Limitations of these methods of height deter

mination.

9. NAUTICAL AND HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY.-Scope, aim, and general principles of nautical surveying. Measurement of land and sea bases. System of angle observations. Survey of estuaries, harbours, and of coast line generally. Soundings. Tidal phænomena: their observation and systematic reduction, and their application to hydrographic survey. The harmonic analysis of tides. Hydrographic cartography.

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10. ASTRONOMY. -The general mathematical theory astronomy. Its geodetical applications. Systems of coordinates. Ephemerides. The apparent places of celestial objects. Interpolations in astronomical tables. Celestial refraction, parallax, semi-diameter. The various methods of determining time, latitude, meridian, and longitude. Conditions of precision.

11. GEODESY.-The figure of the earth. Motion of the earth's axis, and consequent variation of latitudes and longitudes of points on earth's surface. Distance and azimuths on a