my possession, I present you with the following measurements, and note of the size of the organs. It will be seen that the head was really large. The hair, as represented in the marble bust, is short, and, in the crown, thin, If, therefore, we deduct two-eighths of an inch, from the following measurements, they will probably approach very closely to those which would have been afforded by the head itself. From Individuality to the occipital spine Comparison to Concentrativeness Destructiveness to Destructiveness Cautiousness to Cautiousness 8 inches. 7 - 7 6% 50 Constructiveness to Constructiveness 5 In the following measurements the hair may be estimated as equal to one-eighth of an inch, which should be deducted:From the hole in the ear to Firmness - 66 to Individuality - 5 From the lower margin of Individuality to 4 ditto ditto to ditto of Veneration 5 The anterior lobe is very large in the lower region; it is large in the middle line; in the upper region it is less. The coronal region is large; it is rather short from before backwards, but very high above Causality; Veneration is the predominating organ. The coronal region rises to unusual height. The base of the brain, particularly in the posterior lobe, is large. bust The relative proportions of the organs as they appear on the be thus estimated : may 1. Amativeness, large. 2. Philoprogenitiveness, large. 3. Concentrativeness, mode rate. 4. Adhesiveness, rather large. 7. Secretiveness, large. organ, from the way the 12. Cautiousness, rather full. | 24. Size, moderate. The back part of this or- 18. Wonder, very large. 21. Imitation, very large. 22. Individuality, rather large. 23. Form, large. 25. Weight, large. It is difficult to ascertain this 29. Order, large. 33. Language, rather large. It will be remarked that Cautiousness and Conscientiousness are much inferior in size to Benevolence and Veneration; and this fact appears to me to coincide perfectly with Sir Walter's manifestations. I have seen a cast purporting to be one of Sir Walter Scott's head, and which is said to have been taken in Paris; but it is widely at variance with Mr. Macdonald's bust, and also with my recollection of Sir Walter's head; which I have seen at least a thousand times, and closely observed. It was the highest head from the ear to Veneration that I ever beheld, and in the lower region of the anterior lobe, as well as in Benevolence, Imitation, and Wonder, it had few equals. The only evidence which could be appealed to in support of the assertion of its being small, is the fact, that he wore a small hat; but the hat affords a measure of the circumference only, and not of the height or whole magnitude of the head, and therefore does not afford a measure of the size of the head that can be relied on for scientific purposes. In Sir Walter's head, the upper and lateral portions of the forehead were only full; Cautiousness was rather full, and Concentrativeness only moderately developed; which organs collectively determine the dimensions of the circumference of the hat; while the forehead and coronal region towered high into its artificial cavity, without rendering any enlargement in that quarter necessary. While, therefore, I controvert the statement that Sir Walter's brain was not large, and maintain that in the propensities, in the lower region of the anterior lobe, in the middle of the anterior lobe, and in the coronal region, it was actually large, I In a number of observations which I have made, I have seen the anterior portion of Cautiousness large, and the posterior portion small; and in other instances the posterior was large and the anterior small. From these facts I think it probable that two organs are included in the space now allotted to Cautiousness. do not subscribe to the opinion that Sir Walter Scott stood in the highest rank of intellectual, and much less of general mental greatness. In exact correspondence with those regions of his brain which were large, he manifested vigorous observing and descriptive powers; with a vast insight into human feeling and action. But also in correspondence with those parts of the brain which were not largely developed, he was deficient in philosophic penetration and comprehensiveness: He has not struck out, or even adopted or embodied, any great moral or intellectual principle calculated to excite his race to improvement: and his poetry wants the splendid elevation of that of Shakspeare, Milton, and Byron. In short, he was an extraordinary man in an extensive but still in a limited and secondary sphere; and this is all that truth permits us to say of his genius. It will be observed that the whole of the perceptive organs, except that of Size, are well developed. I have stated reasons (System of Phrenology, Volume II. p. 427., fourth Edition) for believing that this organ takes cognisance of distance and gives a talent for perspective. Sir Walter mentions that he had an eye for scenery, and tried to draw, but somehow or other failed in his attempts. The large development of the knowing organs probably gave him the acute perception of external objects, which he calls an eye for scenery, while his deficiency in Size was probably the cause of his failure in drawing; a low degree of that organ being attended by feebleness in the power of representing perspective. I am, &c. GEO. COMBE. EDINBURGH, 16th August, 1838. II. Phrenological Exercises.- Case of A. B.-(Continued from page 403 of last volume.) OUR readers will remember that a note of the phrenological development of a gentleman was printed in last Number, intended as an exercise for the ingenuity of young phrenologists, and also as an illustration of the extent to which the form of head may be taken as an index of character in the ordinary walk of life. Before that note of development was made by Mr. Combe, we had written down twenty queries, sending copies of them to the gentleman's two sisters, who each gave answers to the questions, without communication with him, or with each other. We shall subjoin the queries along with the answers of the two ladies, and then introduce some remarks from the gentleman himself in further illustration of the subject. He is a phrenologist, and the ladies have also some knowledge of the theory of Phrenology, but are not cranioscopists. Before giving their remarks we shall re-state the note of development, arranging the organs in groups according to their predominance in size, and adding our own inference of the disposition and talents to be expected from such a development. That inference, however, is by itself no test of the truth of Phrenology, being intended only for an illustration of the mode of predicating mental characteristics: it becomes a test just so far as it is confirmed by the remarks of the two ladies and the gentleman himself. We were intimately acquainted with him, before making the inference, which has influenced our suggestions. The development of the organs is the following: Very large-Cautiousness, Causality. Large Concentrativeness, Destructiveness, Self-Esteem, Firmness, Benevolence, Comparison, Order, Individuality. Rather large-Philoprogenitiveness, Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness, Love of Approbation, Conscientiousness, Imitation, Ideality, Wit, Form." Full Adhesiveness, Constructiveness, Alimentiveness, Hope, Veneration, Eventuality, Number, Locality, Colour, Weight, Size, Language. Rather full-Combativeness. Moderate Amativeness, Wonder, Tune. The head was stated to be 72 inches long, by 5 broad; thus being something above the probable average of English heads, but not reaching a first class in size. The temperament was given as mixed, with the sanguine predominating, and next to that, the nervous quality. Hence we may infer great general vivacity or activity of mind, with sufficient force of character for all ordinary occasions, but not any overpowering degree of it. Except in the great predominance of Cautiousness over Combativeness, the combination is favourable to energy and independence of character, joined with intellectual ability. The general result will be, a mind of sufficient power to exercise considerable influence over the opinions of the greater number of persons with whom he may be on terms of intimacy, pro"bably without attaining much public weight. The predominance of Cautiousness and Causality will give a marked tendency to look forward to the future, with anticipations more dismal than ✰ SEP 30 1948 * MEDICAL LIBRARY bright, and to provide against remote chances of risk and danger. This should be the leading trait of disposition. Proceeding to the next group of organs, those marked as "large," we have the elements of self-reliance and individuality of character, in the Self-Esteem united with Firmness and Destructiveness. And taking Benevolence as a counterpoise to these, we shall have a vibration between asperity and gentleness, severity and kindliness, inducing great apparent contradictions of disposition under the influence of different excitements. When these feelings are brought into action together, and concentrated on some point calculated to give them full scope, there will be much energy and determination of purpose, which the predominance of Cautiousness over Combativeness might otherwise appear to forbid. The redress of the injured, the defence of the weak, and the succour of those in danger, would be undertakings adapted to call forth this manifestation. If it be a correct view, to regard Concentrativeness as giving the desire to draw the thoughts into a focus and to throw out irrelevant ideas, we have in this organ, and Comparison, Order, and Individuality, the principal elements of precision, system, method, and arrangement. As the gentleman is said to reside in the country, and to be disengaged from the pursuits of business, he is probably thrown upon the resources of his own mind for occupation and amusement; in which case we may presume that his tastes will be of an intellectual kind, and that his studies will turn chiefly towards subjects involving causation, arrangement, and the knowledge of objects. The large development of Causality, Comparison, and Individuality would adapt him for the pursuits of moral philosophy, natural philosophy and natural history; and probably the former will be preferred, because some of the organs serviceable in the two latter pursuits are not greatly developed. Under the conjoint influence of a talent for moral science and a tendency to hate oppression and tyranny, it is not unlikely that the gentleman will be a polemic in politics; or, should the want of Combativeness prevent entrance into the strife and battle of parties, he will at least evince discontent with many "things as they are,".for example, the sufferings and degraded condition of the poor. Individually he will be impatient of control, on account of the large Firmness and Self-Esteem; and as he will form his opinions with deliberation, from the possession of much Cautiousness combined with intellect, and have a natural aptitude for defending his opinions by the aid of reasoning and argumentative illustrations, from large Causality, Comparison and Individuality, we make no doubt that he will adhere to his own opinions with a steadiness approaching to obstinacy, |