PATRIARCHATES. ARCHBISHOPRICS. Immediately subordinate to the Holy See........ 12 Oriental Rite. With Ecclesiastical Provinces. Armenian Rite.. Rite..... BISHOPRICS. Suburban (the Sees of the Cardinal Bishops)..... Armenian. Greco-Rumanian. Syriac... 130 1 1 64 16 8 3 12 the direction of Thomas Jefferson; was aide-de- Total Patriarchates, Archbishoprics, and Bishoprics. at ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. The Pope, Pius IX., formerly Giovanni Maria di Mastai Ferretti, was born at Sinigaglia on the 13th of May, 1792; elected Pope on the death of Gregory XVI., in 1846, and crowned on the 21st of June of that year. There were, in November, 1868, 57 cardinals, of whom 6 were cardinal bishops, 43 cardinal priests, and 8 cardinal deacons; 39 were Italian by birth, and only 18 non-Italians-7 French, 4 Spanish, 4 Germans, 1 Croatian, 1 Portuguese, and 1 Irish. Among the new cardinals created in 1868, was Prince Lucien Bonaparte, a cousin of the Emperor of France. The Annuario Pontificio for 1868 gives the following summary of the Patriarchal, Archiepiscopal and Episcopal Sees of the Roman Catholic Church: 12 Of these dioceses, 107, namely, 5 archbish oprics and 102 bishoprics, have been established by Pope Pius IX., who has also raised 13 bishoprics to the rank of archbishoprics. In addition to the actual diocesan bishops, there are a number of titular bishops (bishops in partibus infidelium), who are either cosdjutors of diocesan bishops or vicars apostolic delegates apostolic, and prefects apostolic There are 103 vicariates apostolic, 5 delegations apostolic, and 22 prefectures apostolie; total 130. All these three names designate a specia territory, like dioceses, but the incumbents have not the full rights of diocesan bishops. Twentyfive of these 130 ecclesiastical districts have bee organized by Pope Pius IX. The total number of titular bishops, in January, 1869, was 229. Of the dioceses at the beginning of the year. 112 were vacant, leaving 753 which were occepied. Adding to this number the 229 bishops in partibus, we have a total number of bishops constituting the Catholic hierarchy st the beginning of the year 1868.* The following list gives the classification and names of the religious orders (according to the Annuario Pontificio for 1868), with the titles of the superiors: *The Annuario Pontificio for 1869 did not reach in time for this article. The following summary we d from a newspaper report: The Annuario gives 12 patriarchs of Latin and Ori rite, 12 Latin archbishops immediately dependent on the Holy See, 120 with ecclesiastical provinces, 70 archbishops. Total, 139. Of Latin bishops there a called suburbicarians, always cardinals, with sees Rome: 84 immediately subject to the Holy See, and with dioceses; 66 bishops of the Oriental rite. Tots His Holiness has elevated to the metropolitan diguity sees and erected 6 archbishoprics and 112 bishoprics Archbishops' sees in partibus, 36; bishops' sees is p copal, 100 episcopal. Those occupied amount to 74 tibus, 198. The vacant sees are, 1 patriarchal, 9 arch archal and residental, and 234 in partibus. There are apostolic delegations, vicariates and prefectures, be which the present Pope has created thirty-two sinkr offices. Of these, eighteen are vacant. Passionists Most Holy Redeemer. Ecclesiastical Congregations. Priests of the Mission.. Pious Works.... Missionaries of the Most Pre cious Blood.... Institute of Charity... Priests of the Society of Missions..... Priests of the Resurrection... Priests of the Sacred Hearts.. Priests of the Holy Cross.. Brothers of the Christian Schools.. Brothers of Mercy... Monks. General. Superior-General. Vicar-General. Director-General. General (Preposito-Generale). Superior-General. ARCHBISHOPRICS. Baltimore.. Oregon City.... BISHOPRICS. Albany. Alton Boston. Churches, including those building. Chapels and stations. 66 66 66 Columbus Mechitarists Antonians of Venice.... Mechitarists Antonians of 66 Vienna.. 66 แ Santa Fé. Savannah Scranton St. Joseph. St. Paul... 66 : AZ: 4:3: 28: ::::::: : 67 : NUNT: 2: 5: A: AN: : : : 8: 10,000 200,000 118,000 50,000 15,000 111,000 20,000 60,000 14,000 80,000 75,000 15,000 24 13 230,000 85,000 700 The increase of bishoprics has been more rapid in America than in any other part of the world, and bids fair to remain so for many years to come, in consequence of the rapid increase of population. The following list contains a complete list of the American Ecclesiastical Provinces, with the names of all archbishoprics and suffragan bishoprics which constitute them: Barquisimeto, Calabozo, Guayana, Merida. Antioquia, Cartagena, Pamplona Nueva, Panama, Pasto, Popayan, S. Marta. U. S. of Colomba, Ecuador. Santiago.. Concepcion, Ancud, Coquimbo. Chil Arequipa, Chachapoyas, Cuzco, Guamanga y Ayacucho, Huanuco, Puno, Per [Trujillo. Argentine Repub and Paraguay. Charcas. Cochabamba, La Paz, S. Cruz de la Sierra. Bolirk Brazil Cuyaba, Diamantina, Fortalezza, Goyazes, Marianne, Para, Pernambuco, In addition to the sees above enumerated, there are two immediately subject to the Holy See-St. John's and Harbor Grace, in Nova Scotia; and two belonging to the French Ecclesiastical Province of Bordeaux. Total number of American archbishoprics, 25; of bishoprics, 127; of American dioceses, 152. Besides these bishops, there were, in America, in 1868, 13 vicars apostolic (Nebraska, North Carolina, Florida, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, East of Rocky Mountains, British Columbia, Curaçoa, Jamaica, Mackenzie, Demerara, Surinam), and 2 prefects apostolic (Islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, Cayenne). The following are the statistics of some of the monastic orders (according to P. Karl von heil. Aloys, Statist. Jahrbuch der Kirche, Ratisbon, 1862): Male-Franciscans, 50,000; School Brethren, 16,000; Congregations for nursing the sick, 6,000; Benedictines, 5,000; Dominicans, 4,000; Carmelites, 4,000; Trappists, 4,000; Lazarists, 2,000; Piarists, 2,000; Redemptorists, 2,000. There are about 190,000 members in female orders, of whom 162,000 are in Europe, 20,000 in America, and the rest in other parts of the world. The order of Jesuits, according to the latest published statistics (1868), comprises 8,168 members, of whom 1,589 speak the Italian language, 2,422 French, 2,111 the various tongues of Northern Europe, 1,148 Spanish, and 698 English. The entire Order is distributed into twenty-one provinces. From authentic records it appears that there is an increase of nearly 100 members yearly. Those on mission all over the world are 1,358. The number of archbishoprics, bishoprics, and vicariates in the British dominions is (according to the London Catholic Directory for 1869) as follows: England.. COLONIES. Europe... North America. Africa. India, Burmah, etc... Australia.. Total...... England proper had, in 1868, 1,489 priests, 1,122 churches, chapels, and stations, 67 comunities of men, 214 female convents, and 25 colleges; Scotland, 201 priests, 207 churches. chapels, and stations, 18 convents and 2 c leges. The Directory gives the number of Roman Catholic peers of Great Britain as and the number of Roman Catholic barons as 50. It also names 38 Roman Catholic me bers of the House of Commons, most of when are from Ireland. In accordance with the design expresse! in his allocution to the assembly of the Ro man Catholic bishops, held in Rome, in June, 1867 (see ANNUAL AMERICAN CYCLOPEDIA O 1867), the Pope on the 29th of June, issued a Bull convoking an Œenmen Council of the Roman Catholic Church, to be gin in Rome, on the 8th of December, 1894 The Bull is as follows: of the great love which He bore unto us, descends The only-begotten Son of the Eternal Father from His celestial throne, in order to redeem, in fulness of time, the whole human race from the yo of sin and from bondage to Satan and the darkne they had long since miserably fallen; and H terror in which, by the fault of their first per declining from the paternal glory, was born of the Immaculate and Most Holy Virgin Mary, and manifested His doctrine and the rule of life brought from heaven, attesting it with so many excellent works, and giving Himself up as an offering for us and as a victim to God in the odor of sanctity; and, having vanquished death, He, before ascending into heaven to sit upon the right hand of the Father, sent His apostles into the world to preach the Gospel to every creature, and gave to them the power of ruling the Church purchased by His own blood, and thus constituted what is the column and firmament of truth; and, enriched by celestial treasures, shows the certain path of salvation and the light of true doctrine to all people. In order, then, that the government of the Church should be ever maintained in a right and well-ordered course, and that the whole Christian world should uphold one sole faith, doctrine, charity, and communion, He promised His aid unto the end of time, and chose Peter, whom He had declared to be Prince of the Apostles, His Vicar on earth, and head, foundation, and centre of the Church, so that, invested with this rank and honor, and with amplitude of chief and full authority, power, and jurisdiction, he should feed the sheep and the lambs, confirm the brethren, rule the universal Church, and be the gate-keeper of heaven, and arbiter to bind and to loose; the effect of his judgment remaining unaltered in heaven (St. Leo, sermon 11). And that the unity and integrity of the Church and her government might remain perpetually immutable, therefore the Roman pontiff's, successors of St. Peter, sitting in this same Roman chair of Peter, inherit and possess in full vigor the very same supreme authority, jurisdiction, and primacy of Peter over the whole Church. - Hence the Roman pontiffs, using their pastoral care and authority over the whole flock of the Lord divinely intrusted to them by Christ Himself in the person of the blessed Peter, have spared no fatigue in making every possible provision, in order that, from the rising to the setting sun, all people and all nations should have knowledge of the evangelical doctrine, and, by walking in the way of truth and justice, attain eternal life. worsed is in error. sects are spread abroad on all sides. The education of the unhappy young is nearly everywhere withdrawn from the clergy, and, what is many places confided to masters of impiety Thus, to our poignant grief, and that of all good men, and with mischief to souls that can never be sufficiently deplored, impiety and corruption of manners have everywhere propagated themselves; and there prevail an unbridled license, and a contagion of depraved opinions of all kinds, and of all vices and immoralities, and so great a violation of divine and human laws, that not only our most holy religion, but human society also, is thereby miserably disturbed and afflicted. In the heavy accumulation of calamities whereby our heart is thus oppressed, the supreme pastoral charge confided to us requires that we should ever increasingly exert our strength to repair the ruin of the Church, to heal the souls of the Lord's flock, and to repel the assaults and fatal attempts of those who try to uproot from their foundation, if that were possible, both the Church and civil society. And truly, by the help of God, from the commencement of our Pontificate, we, conscious of our solemn obligation, have never ceased to raise our voice in our consistorial allocutions and apostolic letters, and to defend constantly, by every effort the cause of God and His holy Church, confided unto us by the Lord Christ, to uphold the rights of this Apostolic See, and of justice and truth, and to unmask the insidious devices of its enemies, to condemn errors and false doctrines, to proscribe impious sects, and to watch over and provide for the salvation of all the Lord's flock. And following the practice of our illustrious predecessors, we have deemed it opportune to assemble a General Council, which we have already long desired, of all our venerable brethren, the bishops of the whole Catholic world, who are now called to take part in our solicitude. These our venerable brethren, prompted by the warmest love for our Catholic Church, and remarkable for eminent piety, and for reverence toward us and this Apostolic See, anxious also for the salvation of souls and excellent in wisdom, in doctrine, and erudition, and greatly lamenting with us the grievous condition of sacred and profane things, they will hold nothing more precious than to communicate to us their judg ment, and confer with us in order to provide salutary remedies for so many calamities. It is known to all with what unwearying care the Roman Pontiff's have sought to preserve the deposit of the faith, the discipline of the clergy, and the holy and learned teachings, and the sanctity and lignity of matrimony, and to promote and extend he education of the youth of both sexes, to foster he religion and piety of the people, and virtuous nanners, to defend justice, and to assure the tranquillity, order, prosperity, and rights of civil society. Vor have the Pontiffs omitted, when they have leemed it useful, especially in times of great perurbation and calamity for our most holy religion nd civil society, to convoke general councils, to the nd that, by consulting with all the bishops of the Catholic world, whom the Holy Ghost has appointed rule the Lord's Church, they might, by their unied strength, providentially and wisely ordain all hose things that would chiefly serve to define the ogmas of the faith, dispel errors already propagated, r that might thenceforward be propagated, illustraté nd elucidate doctrine, uphold and reform ecclesiascal discipline, and correct the corrupt manners of oples. It is already known and manifest to all how horble a tempest now agitates the Church, and what ievous ills afflict civil society. The Catholic hurch, her salutary doctrine, her venerated power, nd the supreme authority of this Apostolic See, are posed and set at naught by the bitter enemies of od and man. All sacred things are contemned, clesiastical property is plundered, bishops and onored men attached to the divine ministry, and en distinguished for their Catholic sentiments, are Dubled in every way, and religious families supessed. Impious books of every kind, pestilent urnals, and multitudinous and most pernicious VOL. VIII.-43 Ꭺ All these things have to be most carefully examined and regulated in this Ecumenical Council, more particularly with regard to all that in these evil times concerns the greatest glory of God, the integrity of the faith, the respect for divine worship, and the eternal salvation of men, the discipline of the orders of the clergy, and their solid and salutary training, the observance of ecclesiastical laws, the amelioration of manners, the education of Christian youth, and the peace and concord of all. And further, the Council must seek by anxious study that, by the help of God, all ills may be removed from civil society, that erring wanderers may be led back into the right way of truth, and that vice and error may be eliminated, our august religion and her salutary doctrine may everywhere be quickened by fresh life, and may still further extend their influence, and thus piety, honesty, probity, justice, charity, and all the Christian virtues may gather strength and flourish, to the great benefit of human society. None can ever deny that the strength of the Catholic Church and her doctrine does not alone regard the eternal salvation of men, but is essential also to the temporal welfare of peoples, and to their real prosperity, order, and tranquillity, and even to the progress and solidity of human science, as the annals of sacred and profane history clearly prove, by a series of splendid facts, and still constantly demonstrate. And since Christ the Lord so greatly consoles and comforts us with those words, "For when two or three are gathered together in my name, there I am in the midst of them," we cannot doubt that, in the abundance of His divine mercy, He would vouchsafe to be present at this Council, in which we shall be able to establish those things that in any way regard the welfare of His holy Church. Therefore, after most fervent prayer offered up day and night in the humility of our heart to God the Father of light, we have judged it to be expedient that this Council should be assembled. For this cause, strong in the authority of God the Father Almighty, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, and of the holy apostles, Peter and Paul, which authority we represent on earth, we, with the counsel and consent of our venerable brethren the Cardinals of the holy Roman Church, by these present letters, announce, convoke, and ordain, the sacred Ecumenical and General Council to be holden in that our city of Rome in the coming year, 1869, in the Vatican Basilica, commencing upon the 8th day of December, sacred to the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, and to be prosecuted and conducted to its termination by the help of God, to His glory and to the salvation of all Christian peoples. We therefore desire and command that our venerable brethren, the patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, as also our beloved sons, the abbots, and all others who, by right or privilege, are entitled to sit in general councils, and to manifest their opinions to the same, should, from all parts, repair to this (Ecumenical Council, convoked by us, and to this effect we invite, exhort, and admonish them, both in virtue of the oath they have taken to us and this holy See, and of holy obedience, and under the penalties by law or custom, decreed against those who fail to appear at the councils. We rigorously ordain and prescribe that they shall be bound to attend this sacred Council, unless withheld by some just impediment, which, however, must in all cases be proved to the Synod by the intermediary of legitimate proxies. We cherish the hope that God, in whose hands are the hearts of men, showing himself favorable to our desire, may grant that, by His ineffable mercy and grace, all the supreme princes and governors, more especially Catholic, of all nations, growing daily more conscious of the immense benefits which human society derives from the Catholic Church, and knowing that the Church is the most stable foundation of empires and kingdoms, not only will not impede our venerable brethren, the bishops, and others from attending this Council, but will rather aid and favor this object, and cooperate zealously, as becomes Catholic princes, in all that may result to the greater glory of God, and the benefit of this Council. To the end that these, our letters and the things therein contained, may come to the knowledge of all whom it may concern, and that no person may be able to plead ignorance of the same; and as, possibly, they might not securely reach all those to whom they may be personally addressed, we desire and command that the present letters be read publicly and audibly by the messengers of our Curia, or some public notary, in the Lateran, Vatican, and' Liberian Basilicas. After having been read, they shall be affixed to the doors of the said Churches, the gates of the in the usual in the di Fiori, and in other public places, where they will remain for some time, for the information of all. When the originals shall be removed, they will be replaced by copies in the same places. 'In view of such lectures, publication, and exhibition, we ordain that, two months from the date of publication and posting of our letters, all and each of those whom they may concern will be bound thereby, equally as if they had been read and communicated to them personally. We further order and decree that copies of these letters, written or signed by a public notary, and bearing the seal of some ecclesiastical dignitary, may be accepted as perfectly authentic. No man will be at liberty to oppose or rashly contravene this our indiction, announcement, convoca tion. And if any shall presume to attempt this, let him know that he will incur the wrath of Almighty God, and of His blessed apostles, Peter and Pac!. Given at Rome, at St. Peter, in the year of the Incarnation of our Lord, 1868, on the 29th June, in the 23d year of our Pontificate." L. † s. +PIUS. Bishop of the Catholic Church. (Here follow the signatures of the cardinals.) On the 8th of September, an invitation was issued to the bishops of the Eastern Churches, to attend the Council (see the text of the Ppal letter, and the replies of the Eastern bistops, in the article EASTERN CHURCHES). On the 14th of September, the following Papal letter was addressed to Protestant and non-Catholic bodies: Pius, Sovereign Pontiff, Ninth of the Name, to Protestants and other Non-Catholics: You must already all know that we, who, despi our unworthiness, have been raised to the throne Peter, and, therefore, have been advanced to the s preme government of the whole Catholic Chur and to its administration, which has been intra to us in Divine fashion by Christ Himself, our Lordwe have judged it fitting to summon before us allez venerable brethren, the bishops of all the world, and to convene them in Ecumenical Council, which is be celebrated next year in such a manner that, those same venerable brethren who have been simmoned to take part in this subject of our solicitude, we may be able to adopt all the most opportune and necessary resolutions to dissipate the shadows of s large a number of pestilential errors which day extending their power and license, to the great proj dice of souls, and daily more and more to establ and strengthen, among the Christian people mitted to our watchful care, the reign of the faith, of justice, and of the true peace of God. Be ing, then, with firm confidence upon the close affectionate bond of union which unites those same venerable brothers to our person, and to Apostolic See, and who have never ceased, at ar period of our Pontificate, to give to us, and to Apostolic See, the most striking evidence of fa love, and of respect, we truly hope that, as it has le in times past with other General Councils, sty be in the present, and that this Ecumenical C convoked by us, may bring forth, with the he Divine grace, the most rich and the most fruits, to the great glory of God, and the eternal For fare of man. Therefore, in that hope, and instigated and t couraged by the charity of our Lord Jesus C who laid down His life for the salvation of the we cannot forbear, on the occasion of the meet the next council, 'addressing our apostolic and ternal word to all those who, while recognizing same Jesus Christ as our Saviour, and rejatz the name of Christians, yet do not profess the table faith of Christ or follow the communien Catholic Church. And if we do so, it is, before warn, exhort, and supplicate with all our zeal and our charity, to consider and seriously examine in truth follow the path prescribed by our Lor Christ, and which leads to eternal happiness. In no one can deny or doubt that Jesus Christ R order that all future human generations shoul the fruit of His redemption, built up here be Church in the person of Peter--that is to Church, one, holy, Catholic, and Apostolic-sch He granted to him all the necessary power, in c that the faith should be preserved intact and entit that the same faith should be transmitted to all p ples, to all races, and to all nations, in such a that all men should be able to be united in His tion, statute, decree, command, precept, and invita- cal body in baptism, and always to preserve in the |