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6. If 2 apples cost 4 cents, I will cost 2 cents, and 4 will cost 8 cents. Or 4 apples will cost 2 times as much as 2 apples.

22. Find how many times 2 pears are contained in 20 pears, which is 10 times. 10 times 3 cents are 30 cents. Or, first find what 20 pears would come to, at 3 cents apiece; and since it is 2 for 3 cents, instead of 1 for 3 cents, the price will be half as much.

23. See how many times you can have 5 cents in 30 cents, and you can buy so many times 3 eggs. 30 is 6 times 5, and 6 times 3 are 18. 18 eggs.

24. 10 dollars a week, and 40 dollars a month.

25. 5 dollars are 30 shillings, which is 10 shillings a day.

26. 5 dollars apiece.

SECTION V.

In this section the principle of fractions is applied to larger numbers, but such as are divisible into the parts proposed to be taken. The pupil, whn is familiar with what precedes, will easily understand the examples in this section. They require nothing but division and multiplication.

A. Let the pupil explain each example in the following manner. What is 1 sixth of 18 ? Ans. 3. Why? Because 6 times 3 are 18; therefore if you divide 18 into 6 equal parts, one of the parts will be 3.

To find this answer on the plate ; on the 6th row the pupil will find 3 times 6 make 18; this will direct him to the third row, where he will find 6

times 3 are 18. Consequently, he will see 18 divided into 6 equal parts. It will be well to let the pupil prove a large number of the examples on the plate.

The pupil will be very likely to say 3 is the 6th part of 18, because 3 times 6 are 18. Be careful to make him say it the other way, viz. 6 times 3 are 18. 14. 1 third of 9 is 3; & is 2 times as much as therefore of 9 is 6. 383

19. 1 barrel will cost part of 12 dollars; 3 barrels will cost of 12 dollars. 7 barrels will cost

of 12 dollars.

37. What is of 32! ¦ of 32 is 4, § are 5 times 4, or 20.

B. 11. of 20 is 4;

are 7 times 4, or 28; and

28 is 4 times 6, and 1⁄2 of 6.

C. 3. 1 half of 10 is 5, of 10 are 4; 5 and 4

are 9. He gave away 9 and had 1 left.

4. 1 yard will cost of what 3 yards cost.

6 dollars is 2 dollars.

of

5. 2 yards will cost 1 half of what 4 cost; or 6 dollars.

6. 3 apples will cost of what 9 cost; or 6 cents. · 7. 2 is of 3; therefore 2 oranges will cost of 18 cents are 12 cents.

what 3 cost.

of

8. of 25 are 20. The 10 apples cost 20 cents, which was 2 cents apiece.

11. of 42 are 12, and 6 times 12 are 72. 72 dollars.

13. 3 is 2 of 4: 3 of 12 dollars are 9 dollars. Or 4 yards at 12 dollars is 3 dollars a yard, and 9 dollars for 3 yards.

13

Ans. 15 cents.

14. Solved like the 13th. 15. Since 1 is of 3, 7 is are 35 cents. Or, 3 oranges at apiece 7 times 5 are 35 cents.

of 3.

of 15 cents 15 cents, is 5 cents

Note. In questions of this kind it is generally the simplest way to find what 1 article will cost, then it may easily be told how much any number will cost.

19. 4 men would do it in 1 half the time that 2 would do it. Or, you may say, if 2 men would do it in 6 days, 1 man would do it in 12 days, and 4 men in of that time, or 3 days.

SECTION VI.

A. 4. 2 halves of any number make the whole number. Therefore 2 is 1 half of 2 times 2; or 4. It is of 4 times 2, or 8.

Let the pupil answer these questions in the following manner: 4 is of 3 times 4; 3 times 4 are 12. 5 is of 7 times 5; 7 times 5 are 35.

B. 2. 4 is 2 times 2.

4. 6 is 2 times 3.

16. 2 thirds of any number is twice as much as of the same number. If 4 is of some number, then 1 half of 4 or 2 is of that number; 2 is of

6 therefore 4 is of 6.

20. If 6 is of a number, of 6 or 2 is of the same number; 2 is of 8; therefore 6 is 3 of 8. 23. It is evident that of a pound will cost only of what will cost. If cost 6 cents, will cost 2 cents, and the whole pound 14 cents.

26. It will probably be perceived by this time, that of a number being given, it is necessary to find, and then the number is easily found; 4 being, 2 is, and 2 is 4 of 14.

45. 24 being }, † of 24 or 3 will be † ; 3 is of 27.

C. 6. 20 being 4, 5 is 4, and 5 is of 35; and 35 is 5 times 6, and § of 6.

D. 4. 18 is 3 times 6, and 6 is 4 of 4 times 6, or 24. Ans. 24 dollars.

6. 54 is of 48; 12 yards at 48 dollars is 4 dollars a yard. He gained 6 dollars.

7. 10 feet is of 15 feet.

8. If are under water, there must be out of the water. 4 is of 12.

9. If are under water there must be out of the water. 6 is 3 of 10.

10. and are . bear cherries and peaches; consequently, the 10 which bear plums must be the other; 10 is 4 of 35. 10 bear peaches and 15 bear cherries. 11. %, and 3, and †, must be the other number is 54.

and †, are ; therefore 12 of the whole.

Miscellaneous Examples.

The whole

.6. The grey-hound gains upon the fox 4 rods in a minute. It will take him 20 minutes to gain 80 rods.

8. of 24. Or you may say, 1 sheep would cost 3 dollars, and 3 sheep 9 dollars.

9. 30 horses will eat 10 times as much as 3 horses.

11. 10 dollars apiece, and 2 dollars a yard.

12. 5 dollars for 1 week, 20 dollars for a month, and 25 dollars for 5 weeks.

14. It would take them 5 times as long to eat 40 bushels, as it would to eat 8 bushels.

15. 4 horses would eat 4 bushels in 3 days, and it would take them 9 times as long to eat 36 bushels. Ans. 27 days.

16. If 2 men spend 12 dollars in 1 week, 1 man will spend 6 dollars in 1 week, and 30 dollars in 5 weeks, and 3 men would spend 3 times as much, or 90 dollars.

17. The shadow of the staff is of the length of the staff, therefore the shadow of the pole must the length of the pole. 18 feet is of 27

be feet.

20. It would take 2 men 3 times as long to do it as it would 6 men.

23. 8 men would do a piece of work 1 half as large in 2 days, and it would take 2 men 4 times as long to do it, or 8 days.

28. He must sell it for 56 dollars in order to gain 16 dollars. 56 dollars is 7 dollars per barrel.

29. It cost him 35 dollars, and he must sell it for 45 to gain 10 dollars; 45 dollars is 9 dollars a firkin. 30. Ans. 56 cents, see section VI.

33. If it would last 3 men 10 months, it would last 1 man 30 months, and 5 men 6 months.

34. There are 8 times 5 in 40, and since the other would build as many times 9, as the first does 5, he would build 8 times 9 or 72 rods

A. 13.

SECTION VII.

of 20 is 4, 4 are 16; 16 being, 2 is;

2 is of 14, and 16 is of 14.

16. of 28 are 12; 12 is 2 times 6, and 6 is ↓ of 48, (12 is of 48) and 48 is 6 times 7 and 9 of 7. B

B. 1. of 15 are 12; 12 is 6 times 2; 2 is of 20 (12 is of 20); } of 21 is 7; 20 is 2 times

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