EXAMPLES.

1. In 96deg. 56m. 7fur. 32rd. 12ft. 6in. how many inches? 2. In 424320486 inches how many degrees?

3. How many feet in 79 miles ?

4. Required the miles in 417120 feet.

5. How many inches in 396 furlongs?

6. Required the furlongs in 3136320 inches?

7. How many inches from Haverhill to Boston, the distance

being 30 miles?

8. Required the miles in 1900800 inches.

CLOTH MEASURE.

134. Cloth Measure is used in measuring cloth, ribbons, lace, and other articles sold by the yard or ell.

NOTE 1.- The Ell French is 6 quarters; the Ell Scotch, 4qr. 1}in. NOTE 2. Cloth measure is a species of linear measure, and the yard and inch are the same in both.

-

EXAMPLES.

1. In 17yd. 3qr. 2na, how many nails?

2. In 286 nails how many yards?

3. In 365yd. 1qr. 3na. how many nails? 4. In 5847 nails how many yards?

5. In 71E. E. 4qr. how many nails?

6. In 1436 nails how many ells English?

7. What cost 47yd. 3qr. of silk velvet at $1.25 per quarter? 8. A merchant bought a roll of cloth containing 314E. E. and paid for it at the rate of $3 per yard. What did it cost him? Ans. $117.

NOTE. A square is a figure bounded by four equal lines, perpendicular to each other.

When the four lines are each 1 foot in length, the space enclosed is 1 square foot; when 1 yard in length, 1 square yard; when 1 rod in length, 1 square rod; and so for any other dimension.

To find the contents of a square, multiply the numbers denoting its length and breadth together.

EXAMPLES.

1. In 57A. 3R. 27p. 21yd. 8ft. 57in. how many square inches?

2. In 363331893 square inches how many acres?

3. How many square feet in 25 acres?

4. How many acres in 1089000

square

feet?

5. How many square rods in 365 square miles?
6. How many square miles in 37376000 square rods?
7. How many acres in 12345678 square inches?

Ans. 1A. 3R. 34p. 27yd. 4ft. 54in.

8. Bought 39A. 2R. 16p. of land for $3.75 per square rod, and sold the same for $0.25 per square foot. What did I gain by my bargain? Ans. $407,484.00.

SURVEYORS' MEASURE.

136. This measure is used by surveyors in measuring land, roads, &c.

NOTE 1.- Gunter's chain, in length 4 poles, or 66 feet, and divided into 100 links, is that mostly used in ordinary land surveys; but in locating roads, and like public works, an engineer's chain is usually 100 feet in length, containing 120 links, each 10 inches long.

NOTE 2. -A section of government lands is 1 square mile, or 640 acres. An acre, as a square piece of land, will measure on each side about 209 feet or 70 paces. 625 square links make 1 square rod or pole; 16 square rods make 1 square chain, and 10 square chains make 1 acre.

NOTE 3. A rod or pole is sometimes called a perch, and each of the names given to this measure is expressive of the instrument by which it was formerly measured.

EXAMPLES.

1. How many links in 46m. 3fur. 5ch. 251.?

2. In 371525 links how many miles?

3. In 97m. Ofur. how many links?

4. In 776000 links how many miles?

5. The extent of a certain farm is found, by survey, to be 1377 square chains (Note 2). How many acres does it contain? Ans. 137A. 2R. 32p.

6. What will be the cost of a field measuring 2,126,250 square links, at $80 per acre?

Ans. $1701.00.

CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE.

137. Cubic or Solid Measure is used in measuring such bodies or things as have length, breadth, and thickness; as

221184

=

NOTE 1.- A pile of wood 8ft. in length, 4ft. in breadth, and 4ft. in height, contains a cord.

Also, one ton of timber, as usually surveyed, contains 50% cubic or solid

feet.

Sawed timber, joists, plank, and scantlings are now generally bought and sold by what is called board measure.

NOTE 2.- A cube is a solid bounded by six square and equal sides.

If the cube is 1 foot long, 1 foot wide, and 1 foot high, it is called a cubic or solid foot. If the cube is 5 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 3 feet thick, it is called a cubic or solid yard.

Now, since each side of a cubic yard, as represented in the diagram, contains 9 sq ft. of surface (Art. 135), it is plain, if a block be cut off from one side, one foot thick, it can be divided into 9 solid blocks, with, sides 1 foot in length, breadth, and thickness, and therefore will contain 9 solid feet; and since the whole block or cube is three feet thick, it must contain 3 solid feet X 9 = 27 solid feet; for 3 solid feet X 3 X 3 =

To find the contents of a cubic body, multiply the numbers denoting its length, breadth, and thickness together.

NOTE 3.- A cubic foot of distilled water at the maximum density, at the level of the sea, and the barometer at 30 inches, is equal in weight to 624lb. or 1000oz. avoirdupois.

NOTE 4. - A cubic foot of lead weighs 7084lb.; of brass, 534lb.; of copper, 555lb.; of wrought-iron, 4863lb.; of cast-iron, 450lb.; of marble, 171lb.; of granite, 165lb.; of clay, 130lb.; of common soil, 124lb.; of bricks, 124lb.; of sand, 95lb.; of sea-water, 64lb.; of oak wood, 55lb.; of Anthracite coal, 54lb.; of Bituminous coal, 50lb.; of red-pine wood, 421b.; and of white-pine wood, 30lb.

EXAMPLES.

1. In 29 cords of wood how many solid inches? 2. In 6414336 cubic inches how many cords?

3. In 19 tons of timber how many solid inches?

4. How many tons of timber in 1313280 cubic inches?

5. How many cubic feet of wood in 128 cords?

6. How many cords of wood in 16384 cubic feet?

7. How many cubic feet in a pile of wood, 40 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 7 feet high?

8. How many cords of wood in 8650 cubic feet?

9. How many cubic feet in feet wide, and 9 feet high?

Ans. 67 cords, 74 cubic feet.

a granite block, 17 feet long, 11 Ans. 1683 cubic feet.

LIQUID OR WINE MEASURE

138. Liquid or Wine Measure is used in measuring all kinds of liquids, except, in some places, beer, ale, porter, and milk.