Of how many It consists of three parts, callparts does it con-ed the multiplicand, the multiWhat are they plier, and the product. sist? called? EXAMPLES. 1. A man had six calves, each one was worth seven dollars; how much are they all worth? Performed by Addition, it is done thus: Price of the 1st calf is 7 dollars. Performed by Multiplication :— Price of one calf is 7 dollars, six times as much as times seven are 42 the same as by Simple Addition. 2. A man has five cows worth 22 dollars each; how much are they all worth? REMARK. In adding the sum it is evident, that the first column contains five 2's, or 5 times 2 dollars, which must make 10, which, according to the rule of Addition, requires a cipher to be set down, and 1 carried to the next column, making 11 in the second column, and by already having a cipher at the right hand must make 110. Therefore, by performing the operation by Multiplication, you increase the number of units and tens 5 times. By saying 5 times 2 are ten, is exactly the same in principle as to say, 2 and 2 are 4 and 2 are 6 and 2 are 8 and 2 are 10; as you there take the figure 2 five times to make ten. Which number should be placed carry? Which number is the multipli cand? In doing Multiplication, the largest number should be placed uppermost, and the other underneath, and carry for the same as in Addition. The uppermost number is called the multiplicand. The Which is the one placed underneath is callmultiplier ? ed the multiplier. And the Which the pro- number produced by multiplying, is called the product. AlWhere do you begin to multi-ways begin at the right hand to multiply. duct? ply? 3. A man sold nine cows for twenty-two dollars each; how much did they come to? Price of one cow is 22 must be dollars, 9 cows 9 times as much. 198 dols. Ans. Do the same by Addition. In the above sum, which is the multiplicand?— Which is the multiplier ?-Which the product? NOTE. If the scholar do not yet perfectly understand the terms, the questions should be asked in each sum, as above, until he perfectly understands them. 4. How much will twelve months' work amount to, at seven dollars for one month? 5. A man bought 125 acres of land, for eight dollars per acre; how much did it cost? 6. At six cents a piece, how much will 237 oranges cost? 7. A boy bought sixteen apples at 2 cents a piece, and 25 oranges at 4 cents a piece; how much did he give for the whole ? 8. What will 639 acres of land cost, at eleven dollars per acre? 9. How many miles will a horse travel in seventy-two hours, at the rate of one mile per hour? 10. A man has eight horses; four of them are worth ninety-five dollars, and the other four are worth seventy-five dollars each. How much are they all worth? 11. A man had 127 acres of land, and sold all except 49 acres at the rate of eight dollars per acre. How much did it come to ?-How much was what he kept worth, at seven dollars per acre? 12. A man bought at one time 102 acres of land, at another time 95 acres, and sold the whole at twelve dollars per acre. How much did it come to? 13. A merchant bought 133 barrels of flour, at six dollars per barrel; and 96 quintals of fish, at five dollars per quintal; and 67 barrels of rye flour, at three dollars per barrel. How much did the whole cost? travels two miles an How far apart will hour?-How far at 14. Two men start from the same place, and travel different ways; one hour, and the other three: they be at the end of one the end of two hours?-Of three hours ?-How far at the end of four hours? 15. Two men start from the same place and travel the same way; one goes at the rate of two miles an hour, and the other four: How far apart will they be in one hour?-How far in two hours?-How far in four hours? To prove Multiplication, take the multiplier and place it uppermost for the multiplicand, How do you and take the multiplicand for prove Multiplica- a multiplier, and multiply them together in tion? the usual man ner; if the work be right, the product will be the same as at first. EXAMPLES. 16. Which is the most, 12 times 9, or 9 When there are When you have two or more two or more fig-figures to multiply by, multiply ures to multiply by, what must you do first? every figure in the multiplicand first by the unit figure of the multiplier, in the same manner as |