I. ENOCH C. WINES.

ENOCH C. WINES, D.D. LL.D., first President of the City University, St. Louis, Missouri, was born in Hanover Township, Morris County, New Jersey, on the 17th day of February, 1806. His ancestors were from Wales. They were among the first settlers of the eastern portion of Long Island, where many of their descendants still reside. One of them, the Rev. Abijah Wines, was the first professor of theology in the Theological Seminary of Bangor, Maine. The father of Dr. Wines was a farmer, and having removed from New Jersey to Vermont when his son was about six years of age, he purchased land on the beautiful and romantic shores of Lake Champlain; and here was laid the foundation of that robust frame and vigorous health, which have aided so largely in the successful prosecution of whatever that son has since undertaken. He does not hesitate to express his great indebtedness to his father for having wisely kept him at work on the farm until he was fifteen years old; for his physical constitution was in this way so matured and strengthened, that, in the severest and most protracted mental labors, he has never broken down, and indeed has never suffered but one serious attack of illness through a life extending over half a century.

More is due to the influences surrounding us when our education, in the true sense of the word, begins, than is perhaps generally supposed or admitted. The instructions of parents, the nature of our youthful employments, the objects which we daily contemplate, and the companions with whom we daily associate, inevitably make their abiding impression, and can not, in justice, be passed over when seeking to know how a human mind was educated. Something more than schools is to be taken into account; something that often shapes all the acquirements made in schools, and gives direction to our intellectual efforts when we ourselves may be wholly unconscious of the origin of the impulse. The scholastic advantages of young Wines were poor enough, having nothing better than the ordinary district school to attend in the winter months, at a time when the cheapest teachers were employed rather to take care of the children than instruct them; but it was not without lasting benefit that, while his

frame was hardening under the healthful work of the farm, he had leisure for reflection and self-communion and patient thought, as he followed the slow plough. Nor must we leave out of view another of his educators of a different character, found in the sublime scenery around Lake Champlain. There were gentle voices speaking to the boy mysteriously from the clear water and blue mountains, and the echo of these voices is still heard after the lapse of forty years. The result of these silent but potent influences is still seen in many poetic thought, starting out from the midst of the most logical discussions, like gems flashing here and there in a quarry of solid rocks.

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At the age of fifteen he was sent to the Castleton Academy, then under the care of Henry How, A. M., who united in himself the high qualities of the ripe scholar, the skillful teacher, and the polished christian gentleman. Two years afterwards he entered Middlebury College, Vermont. The faculty at that time was composed of gentlemen of acknowledged worth and distinguished ability. The venerable Joshua Bates, D.D., was president; Robert B. Patton, one of the most eminent Greek scholars our country has ever produced, was professor of the Greek language and literature; and the Rev. Dr. John Hough, a gentleman of rare genius and of the highest culture, was professor of Latin. Here he was graduated in 1827, receiving the second honor in his class, in the Latin salutatory, the valedictory oration, which was the first, having been assigned to Henry Smith, (now the Rev. Dr. Smith,) for many years professor of languages in Marietta College, Ohio, and subsequently president of the same, and at the present time, (1860,) professor of ecclesiastical history in the Lane Theological Seminary near Cincinnati.

Immediately after his graduation, Dr. Wines became principal of the academy in St. Albans, Vermont. Here, however, he continued only six months, in consequence of having accepted the offer of a private school in Washington city. At the expiration of a year in this new field of labor, where he gave high promise of his future usefulness and distinction, he was appointed professor of mathematics in the United States Navy, and was ordered on board the frigate Constellation for a cruise up the Mediterranean. While he desired to visit and see for himself the scenes and cities of the old world, with which his youthful studies had made him familiar, his principal motive for seeking this position was his desire to perfect himself in the languages of southern Europe-an object which good health and assiduous diligence enabled him fully to accomplish.

On his return, he made his first venture as an author, in the publication, through the well-known house of Carey & Lea, Philadelphia,

of two volumes, 12mo., entitled "Two Years and a Half in the American Navy." This work met with a favor and a success far be yond the author's expectations. It was reviewed in terms of high commendation by the leading papers and magazines of the country. It was republished in England, where, with a solitary exception, it met with a like favor from the literary journals of the united kingdom.

About this time, summer of 1832, he was married to Miss Emma, daughter of Arthur Joseph Stansbury, Esq., of Washington city, the veteran and accomplished reporter of the "National Intelligencer."

Seven sons have blessed this happy and still unbroken union, of whom three are yet spared. Two of them, young gentlemen of fine talents and culture, are on the eve of entering the gospel ministry.

In the autumn of the same year, 1832, Prof. R. B. Patton, his old teacher in Greek, invited him to become his successor in the principalship of the Edgehill School, Princeton, New Jersey; a position which Dr. Wines accepted and assumed the following spring. This school was established in some degree, though not fully, upon the plan of the German gymnasia, a class of institutions with which a two years' residence in Germany had made Prof. Patton familiar. It had already attained a high reputation under the skillful and able administration of its founder. Fortunately it did not lose any portion of its renown or of its success after it had passed into the hands of Dr. Wines. Not half the applications for places in the school could receive a favorable response during the time of his connection with it. The sons of many of the most distinguished gentlemen in every part of the United States, were placed under his care; among others, those of Senators Clay of Kentucky, Barnard of Louisiana, Crawford of Georgia, Archer and Barber of Virginia, Southard of New Jersey, and many others scarcely less famous in the history of the country. The impression made upon the mind and heart of ingenuous youth by his labors in the Edgehill school, as well as the estimate placed upon them in after years by intelligent and cultivated men, is clearly seen in the subjoined communication from the Hon. Henry R. Jackson, of Georgia, one of the most eminent scholars and accomplished writers, as well as one of the ablest lawyers in the land, who for several years filled, with honor to himself and advantage to his country, the post of Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Austria. The letter is as follows: :

SAVANNAH, Georgia, Oct. 10th, 1859. DEAR SIR:-Having understood that you are collecting materials for a biographical sketch of the Rev. E. C. Wines, I make bold to lay before you some of my own reminiscences of that gentleman as a teacher, to be disposed of according to your pleasure.

My acquaintance with Mr. Wines began at Princeton, N. J., in 1833, when he was principal and I a pupil of Edgehill Seminary; and I have always regarded the two years spent under his charge, as decidedly the most profitable of my educational life. That the reminiscences connected with them should be pleasing is not at all extraordinary, since there must be some abnormal influence at work to cast a cloud over buoyant, healthful, hopeful youth; and certainly there was nothing either in the personal disposition of Mr. Wines himself, or in the system of moral discipline which he adopted for his school, to engender such an influence. As I remember the one, it was genial, gentle, and patient to a peculiar degree; and the characteristic feature of the other was, that it substituted the familiar companionship of the tutor with the pupil as well at play as at work, and a standing appeal to the honor and noble impulses of the boy, for other and harsher expedients.

That I should remember my life at Edgehill, far more by its lights than its shadows, is therefore not to be wondered at; but I have always thought it remarkable that while the impressions left upon my mind by all contemporaneous and subsequent instruction, whether at school or at college, if not wholly lost, have been sadly worn away by the lapse of time, those made by the tuition of Mr. Wines have remained indelible, and still wear their own distinctive stamp. It may be said with indisputable force, that the first great object of education, and especially the education of the school, is to develop the mind, to set its complex machinery at play, irrespective of any positive information, of any lasting memories to be garnered; but will it be denied that if, at the same time, nuclei of suggestive thought can be permanently fixed, ideas of the beautiful entwining themselves with the very words of authors, studied mainly for the purpose of intellectual discipline can it be denied that the teacher will thus have achieved a double triumph? And it is in this regard that I realize my peculiar obligation to Mr. Wines. To me certainly, his tuition touched nothing that it did not beautify, or which in beautifying it did not make a living, suggestive, and useful memory. Others may have sowed the seed, which, having produced their harvest, may have returned again in seed to the earth; he alone planted the evergreen.

If called upon to account for this peculiar result of Mr. Wines' tuition, I might be wholly at fault. Neither was I at the time the relation of preceptor and pupil existed between us, nor am I now, a competent judge of scholarship. I have had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Wines but once since, more than twenty years ago, when he bade me farewell at New Haven, upon my entrance into Yale College. But whether ascribable to profound scholarship, to extraordinary patience, or to a cordial sympathy with the young mind and heart, creating the mesmeric connection by which the orator, as well as the professor, engages, sways, and impresses his auditor-the effect bears absolute testimony to the possession by Mr. Wines, of the tact or talent (call it by what name you may) of the consummate teacher. Rare power! and invaluable as it is rare!

My vacations were spent with him either at Edgehill or in travel. During one of those vacations, at his suggestion, I studied the "Ars Poetica" of Horace, and my daily recitation to him, with his comments upon the poem, constituted one of the most pleasant of my pastimes. It would be impossible for me to place an estimate upon the profit which I derived from that labor, (if labor it can be called,) altogether voluntary upon both sides.

When traveling, it was my habit to keep a journal, and the same critical talent, the same appreciation of the beautiful which had disclosed the (to me) hidden charms of the classics, were ever active in pointing out whatever was worthy of note in the works of the more material and imitative arts. As Mr. Wines' image is identified with all of the authors, and books I studied under him, so it is inseparably associated with the places which we visited together. I never glance at the former, I never revisit the latter, without the thought of him-his genial smile, the gentle, persuasive intonation of his voice, never losing its kindly music, though explanation, pertinaciously called for, must have taxed the most patient of spirits.

It is often the chief reward which a faithful teacher receives in this world, to have a beautiful wreath placed around his modest brow by the

hands of illustrious men, who once sat at his feet, and who caught from him the first impulse in their splendid career.

During a portion of the time in which Dr. Wines held the position of principal of the Edgehill school, he edited a monthly journal of education, and employed his pen in furthering the great objects embraced within that comprehensive term. He also attended educational meetings and conventions in various parts of the state, where he earnestly sought to promote the same objects by addresses and discussions.

In 1837, when the convention for framing a new constitution for the state of Pennsylvania was in session at Harrisburg, he was invited by members of that body to deliver a lecture before them, when they were about to proceed to a discussion of the article in the constitution relating to common schools. This effort was well received by the members. It won high commendation from such gentlemen as John Sergeant, Stephen R. Burrows, Judge Woodworth, and Jos. R. Chandler. There is reason to believe that it was not without its influence in shaping the action of the convention in reference to the educational measures and interests of the commonwealth. This lecture was afterwards expanded into a 12mo. volume, and published in 1838 under the title of "Hints on a System of Popular Education." The Leg. islatures of Pennsylvania and New Jersey ordered each several hundred copies of this work for distribution throughout their respective states. The same year he published another educational work, entitled "How shall I govern my School." This volume was well received by the public, and especially by teachers. It passed through several editions.

In 1838 he was called to the chair of ancient languages, and also to that of mental, moral and political science, in the Central High School of Philadelphia, then about to go into operation. To aid in the organization of this new and important institution, he was commissioned and sent by the controllers of public schools to Boston, to visit the schools and examine into the educational system of that city. During the execution of this mission, he wrote a series of letters, descriptive of Boston and its environs, to the "Philadelphia United States Gazette." Messrs. Little & Brown subsequently published these letters in a 12mo. volume, under the title of a "Trip to Boston." The late Mr. Amos Lawrence purchased many hundreds of copies of this work for gratuitous distribution, esteeming it the best description of Boston ever published.

The following year, 1839, he published a small 16mo. volume, entitled "Letters to School Children." This was adopted as a text