XIV. LESSON ON COLOR. BY D. R. HAY. THERE are three distinct kinds of color in nature, viz., yellow, red, and blue. The first is most allied to light, and is a color having no characteristic tone; the second is characterized by warmth of tone; and the third by coolness of tone. Yellow, red, and blue, are called the primary colors, because out of their various modes of combination all other colors, either in nature or art, are produced. The three colors which arise from the binary union of these primary colors are orange, purple, and green, orange being composed of yellow and red-purple, of red and blue-and green of blue and yellow; they are therefore called secondary colors. All other colors in nature and art arise from the union of the whole three primary colors, under an infinite variety of modifications, in respect to the relative proportions in which they are combined. White and black represent light and darkness, and are not therefore consid. ered as colors. When yellow, red, and blue, of corresponding intensities, are united together in equal quantities, a neutral gray, similar to the union of white and black, is the result; because it is the nature of these colors, when in triple union, to neutralize each other. These simple facts would clearly exhibit themselves in a diagram constructed like the accompanying one (but without the dotting and straight lining by which color is there represented,) by coloring the space within the two curved lines DA F and D O F with pure yellow-the space with the similar lines D B E and DPE with pure red-and the space within the similar lines E C F and ENE with pure blue. The colors thus put together must be of equal intensity, and quite transparent. Gamboge yellow, crimson lake, and Prussian blue, are quite suitable for ordinary purposes of this kind. Each color should be thoroughly dry before the other is put on, and then applied quickly in order to prevent the washing up of those first laid on. By this means the space D A FL remains yellow, D B EG red, and E C F M blue, while the space D G L is orange color, E G M purple, F L M green, and the center space G L M gray, all arranged in harmonious order, both as to that of succession and union. The primary and secondary colors follow each other in the order of a primary and secondary alternately, as in the rainbow. The yellow, which being neutral as to tone unites with the warm-toned red on the one side in the production of orange, and on the other side with the cool-toned blue in the production of green, while the red and blue neutralize their respective warmth and coolness in the production of the secondary purple. The manner in which the most powerful harmonies of color occur within this circle is as follows:-on the line A E we find opposed to the neutral-toned primary color yellow, the secondary color purple, in which the warm-toned primary color red, and the cool-toned primary color blue, have mutually neutralized each other, and thereby constituting purple, the true harmonic accompaniment to yellow. On the line B F, we find opposed to the warm-toned primary color red, the secondary color green, in which the cool-toned primary color blue is united with the neutraltoned primary color yellow, thus constituting green, the true harmonic accompaniment to red. On the line D C, we find opposed to the cool-toned primary color blue, the secondary color orange, in which the warm-toned primary color red is united with the neutral-toned primary color yellow thus constituting orange color, the true harmonic accompaniment to blue. The contrast between each of these three pairs of harmonizing colors, is relieved by the neutral gray which occurs in the space G L M. These varieties of tone in the three primary colors thus produce that harmony to which the eye responds with so much delight when dwelling upon the beauties of nature; and a proper knowledge of this species of harmony would enable us to render truly beautiful many of the most simple products of our labor. XVI. BOOK NOTICES. HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES. By H. B. Smith, D. D. Scribner, 124 Grand Street, New York. In these Synchronistic Tables, Dr. Smith has given us the best condensed view of the history of the Christian Church, with the great events of contemporaneous secular history, and the state of literature, philosophy and culture, which we have seen brought together in a single volume, or made available for immediate reference. Nothing but a personal examination can give the scholar and general reader an idea of its comprehensiveness and accuracy. Fourfold the cost of this work ($6.00,) will not bring together so much valuable matter-and then to get the same facts for any one period will require the consultation of a dozen volumes at an expense of time, and comparison of dates and statements, which but few readers can afford to give. We have examined this work with admiration, and gratitude to the learned author. COLTON'S SCHOOL ATLAS. New York: Iverson, Phinney & Co. These are the best specimens of Maps for School purposes which we have seen from the American press. In clearness, accuracy, and elegance, they will compare favorably with the recent German publications of Vogel, and Ritter. EATON'S PRIMARY ARITHMETIC. Boston: Brown & Taggard. This is a Gem of school book typography and appropriate illustration. And the matter seems worthy of the style of publication. Author and publisher deserve the gratitude of teacher and pupils for the manner in which this work is got up. SELF-HELP. By Samuel Smiles. Boston: Ticknor & Fields. This is one of the best books we have ever read to inspire a love of reading, study and work, and to cultivate habits of diligence, decision and perseverance. It should be read by pupil and teacher-the worker with the hands, as well as the worker with the brain-and be placed in every library, public and private. THE NEW AMERICAN CYCLOPEDIA. Vol. X. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 443 Broadway. Each new volume extends the range of reference, and makes us long for an early completion of the set. It answers more inquiries, stated in our reading and conversation, than any similar work. GUIZOT; MEMOIRS OF MY OWM TIME. Vol. III., London. We have in this volume a very interesting account of this great Minister's administration of the Department of Public Instruction in France, during the reorganization, or rather the institution, of the present system of Primary Schools. We shall transfer a large portion of it to a future number of this Journal. SCOTT'S AMERICAN REPRINTS OF THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, NORTH BRITISH, AND WESTMINSTER QUARTERLY REVIEWS, AND BLACKWOOD'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, come to us punctually within a few days after the English copy reaches our shores, each with rich and varied contents, keeping us abreast with the literary world on the other side of the Atlantic. Almost every number contains one or more articles specially interesting to the teacher and educator, and the general reader can always find something new and instructive. WASHINGTON IRVING'S WORKS. National Edition. New York: G. P. Put nam, Agent, 115 Nassau Street. We have before us specimen volumes (Knickerbocker's New York, Sketch Book, Life of Washington, Vol. I.,) of this fine edition of our National Classic. They are beautifully printed on heavy tinted paper, and substantially bound in beveled boards. This edition will be sold exclusively to subscribers, and will Price, $1.50 each. be issued in Monthly volumes. CARLYLE'S ESSAYS. 4 vols. Boston: Brown & Taggard, 25 Cornhill. This edition has been revised and corrected by the author, of whom there is a Portrait which is the best likeness we have seen. It is printed on the finest tinted paper, and has a copious index. There can be no better library edition. THE WHITE HILLS. By Thomas Starr King. Boston: Crosby, Nichols, Lee & Co. p. 403. A capital book both for the matter and the manner of its getting up. In typographical elegance, it is one of the handsomest issues of the American press, and for it æsthetic teaching, its graphic power in making travel and natural scenery minister to the development of taste, science and religion, the volume deserves a permanent place in our public and private libraries. LECTURES ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. By G. P. Marsh. New York: Scribner, 124 Grand Street. This is one of the most valuable contributions to the thorough understanding of the English language—at once fascinating and instructive to the philologist and the general student. It has already done good service in turning the attention of teachers to a much neglected study in all our schools. Why do not our lexicographers enlist the critical and profound scholarship of this author in the revised editions of their dictionaries? PECK'S GARNOT'S POPULAR PHYSICS. New York: A. S. Barnes & Burr. Prof. Peck has given our High Schools and Academies, in his edition of the French Author, an admirable introduction—clear, logical, and illustrated—to the principles of Natural Philosophy in their wide applications to the useful arts, and to daily experience. FASQUELLE, (LOUIS,) NEW METHOD OF LEARNING THE FRENCH LANGUAGE. Revised. New York: Iverson, Phinney & Co. 1860. We have found Prof. Fasquelle's "Method," and his Course, generally what he claims for them, "a plain and practical way of acquiring the French Language." THE TEACHER'S MANUAL OF METHOD, OR THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND SCHOOL-KEEPING, WITH ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES. By W. Ross. London: Longman. 1858. p. 212. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF EARLY AND INFANT SCHOOL EDUCATION. By J. Currie. Edinburgh: Constable & Co. p. 310. MANUAL OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT. By T. Morrison. Glasgow: Hamilton. p. 356. PASS AND CLASS: AN OXFORD GUIDE BOOK. By M. Burrows. London: Parker. p. 256. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF NOTES OF LESSONS. By J. Jones. London: Sompkin, Marshall & Co. p. 136. LANGUAGE AS A MEANS OF MENTAL CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION; OR, MANUAL OF THE TEACHER AND LEARNER OF LANGUAGES. By C. Marcel. London: Chapman & Hall. 2 vols. 1. MEMOIR OF THOMAS DOWSE, AND THE DowSE LIBRARY. By Edward Everett,.... 355 Memoir, Benefactions, Example cited.... Monument to Franklin,. The Dowse Library...... II. THE CATECHETICAL METHOD OF TEACHING. By William Ross,. Characteristics, Conditions of a good question,.. Conditions of a perfect answer,.. Counsels and cautions as to the employment, Socratic method applied to religious instruction,. Specimen of the Socratic method,... Defence of this method by Dr. Dinter,......... III. SYSTEM OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN FRANCE, 1. Primary schools-historical,. Cousin's report, Guizot's speeches,.. Outline of system,. Budget, Statistical returns,... Condition of primary schools in department of Tarn,.. IV. SPECIAL INSTRUCTION IN SCIENCE AND ART IN FRANCE,. Budget, 381 382 323 387 391 395 396 401 405 406 V. GALLERY TRAINING LESSONS ORALLY PRESENTED. By David Stow,. VI. NORMAL SCHOOL FOR TRAINING PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS,.. Home and Colonial Infant and Juvenile School Society,.. Applications of Pestalozzi's principles to school management and art of teaching,..... 462 STOR LIBRAR 454 456 457 .... |