2. How much sugar, at 9 d. per lb., must be given in barter for 492 lb. of rice, at 3 d. per lb.? Ans. 164 lb. 3. How much tea, at 64 cents per lb., must be given in barter for 448 lb. of coffee, at 20 cents per lb.?

Ans. 140 lb 4. What quantity of tea, at 10 s. per lh., must be given for 720 lb. of chocolate, at 4 s. 2 d.

per ĺb.?

Ans. 300 lb. per bushel, is

5. How much wheat, at 1 dol. 25 cts. equal in value to 50 bushels of rye, at 70 cents per bushel ? Ans. 28 bushels. 6. B has 75 yards of muslin, at 1 s. 4 d. per yard, which he is to give to H for linen, at 5 s. per yard; how much linen will he receive? Ans. 20 yards. 7. A has sugar at 9 d. per lb., for a quantity of which F is to give him 225 lb. of tea, at 6 s. per lb.; how much sugar must F receive for his tea ? Ans. 1800 lb. 8. How much sugar, at 8 d. per lb., must be given in barter for 20 cwt. of tobacco, at 3 L. per cwt.? Ans. 16 cwt. 0 qrs. 8 lb. 9. A merchant has 1000 yards of canvass, at 94 d. per yard, which he is to barter for serge, at 104 d. per yard; how many yards of serge should he receive?

Ans. 92634 yards. 10. A grocer bartered 5 cwt. of sugar, at 6 d. per lb.. for cinnamon, at 10 s. 8 d. per lb.; how much cinnamon did he receive? Ans. 26 lb. 4 oz. 11. A has 41 cwt. of hops, at 30 s. per cwt., for which B is to give him 20 L. in money, and the rest in prunes, at 5 d. per lb.: what quantity of prunes must A receive? Ans. 1992 lb.

12. A and B barter: A has 320 lb. of chocolate, at 4 s. 6 d. per lb., for which B is to give money, and the rest in cotton, at 8 d. much cotton is B to give A?

him 30 L. in per lb. How Ans. 1260 lb.

13. L has 41 cwt. of hops, at 4 dols. 50 cts. per cwt., for which M is to give him 28 dols. 50 cts. in money, and the rest in salt, at 80 cts. per bushel; what quantity of salt is M to give L? Ans. 195 bushels.

14. G has 28 lb. of tea, at 11 s. 6 d. per lb., for which B is to give him 40 yards of linen, at 7 s. 4 d. per yard, and the rest in money; how much money must & re

ceive?

Ans. 1 L. 14s. 5d.

15. R gave 189 yards of linen, at 6 s. 8 d. per yard, to C, for 42 yards of cloth; what was the cloth per yard? Ans. 30 s.

16. A has 608 yards of cloth, at 14 s. per yard, for which B is to give him 125 L. 12 s. in money, and 85 cwt. 2 qrs. 24 lb. of bees wax. At how much is the bees wax valued per cwt.? Ans. 3 L. 10 s. 17. C has wheat at $1.25 cents per bushel, ready money; but in barter he will have $1.50 per bushel; D has cotton at 20 cents per lb. ready money: what price must the cotton be in barter, and how much cotton must be given for 100 bushels of wheat?

Ans. {

The cotton must be 24 cts. per lb., and 625 lb. must be given for 100 bushels of wheat.

LOSS AND GAIN.

Loss and gain instructs merchants and traders, so to estimate their goods in buying and selling, as to know what they gain or lose in dealing.

Questions in Loss and Gain are solved by the Rule of Three, or by Practice.

EXAMPLES.

1. A storekeeper sold 100 yards of silk, at $1.50 per yard, which cost him $1.25 per yard; how much did he gain by the sale?

$1.50
$1.25

25 gain per yard.

yd. yds. cts.
1 : 100 :: 25

100

Whole gain $25.00

and

2. If a grocer buy 265 lb. of tea for 79 L. 10 s., afterwards sell the whole at 7 s. per lb., how much will

he gain by the transaction?

265
7

2|0)185|5

92 L. 15 s.

-L. S.

3. A shopkeeper bought 53 yards of silk, at 12s per yard, and afterwards sold it at 14 s. per yard; how much did he gain by the sale?

Ans. 5 L. 6 s.

4. G bought 650 lb. of sugar, at 10 cents per lb., and sold it at 12 cents per lb.; how much did he gain? Ans. $13.00. 5. If I buy 765 yards of baize, at 3 s. 44 d. per yard, and sell it at 3 s. 9 d. per yard, how much do gain? Ans. 14 L. 6 s. 10 d. 6. Bought 2016 lb. of rice, at 3 d. per lb., and sold it at 3 d. per lb.; how much was gained by the transaction? Ans. 4 L. 4 s.

7. If I lay out 1000 dollars in hats, at 4 dollars each, and sell them afterwards at 4 dols. 50 cts. each, how much will I gain? Ans. 125 dols. 8. A merchant bought 1300 lb. of coffee, at 22 cts. per lb., and was afterwards obliged to sell it at 20 cts. per lb.; how much did he lose? Ans. $26.00. 9. B laid out 250 L, in cloth, at 30 s. per yard, and, afterwards, finding it was damaged, sold it at 26 s. 3 d. per yard; how much did he lose? Ans. 31 L. 5 s. 10. A shopkeeper bought 42 yards of muslin for 4 L. 14 s. 8 d., and sold it at 2 s. 6 d. per yard; whether did he gain or lose, and how much? Ans. He gained 10s. 4 d.

11. A draper bought 100 yards of cloth for 56 dollars; how must he sell it per yard, to gain 19 dollars in the whole? Ans. 75 cents. 12. If a grocer buy a quantity of tea for 125 L., and sell it again for 150 L., how much will he gain per Ans. 20 per cent. 13. If a yard of mantua be purchased for $1.20, and sold again for $1.50, what is the gain per cent.?

cent.?

Ans. 25 per cent. 14. If a yard of velvet be bought for 16 s., and sold again for 12 s., what is the loss per cent.? Ans. 25 per cent. 15. Bought a chest of tea, weighing 490 lb. for 326 dollars, and sold it for $370.10, what was the profit on each lb.? Ans. 9 cents. 16. If I buy 100 yards of cambric for 56 L., at how much must I sell it per yard, to gain 15 per cent.? Ans. 12 s. 10 d.

17. Bought 12 pieces of white cloth, for 6 L. 10 s. per piece, and paid 20 s. 10d. per piece for dying it; how much must each piece be sold for, to gain 20 per Ans. 9 L. 1 s.

cent.?

18. If a trader gain 14 d. per shilling on his goods,| how much does he gain per cent.? Ans. 12 per ct.

19. If I buy 28 pieces of stuffs at 4 L. per piece, and sell 10 of the pieces at 6 L. per piece, and 8 at 5 L. per piece; at what rate per piece must I sell the rest, to gain 20 per cent. by the whole? Ans. 3 L. 8 s. 9 d. 20. Having bought a parcel of goods for 18 L., and sold the same immediately for 25 L. with 4 months credit, what is gained per cent. per annum?

Ans. 116 L. 13 s. 3 d.

FELLOWSHIP.

Fellowship is a rule, by which merchants, &c. trading in company with a joint stock, are enabled to ascertain each person's particular share of the gain or loss, in proportion to his share in the joint stock.

By this rule, also, legacies are adjusted, and the effects of bankrupts divided, &c.

CASE 1.

When the several stocks in company are considered without regard to time.

RULE.

As the whole sum, or stock,

Is to either person's share in stock, &c.

So is the whole gain or loss,

To that person's share of the gain or loss.

PROOF.

The sum of the several shares must equal the whole gain or loss.

EXAMPLES.

1. Three merchants, trading together, gained 800 dollars; A's stock was 1200 dols., B's 4800 dols., and C's 2000 dols.: what was each man's share of the gain?

A's stock 1200 dols.

B's stock 4800 dols.

C's stock 2000 dols.

Whole stock 8000 dollars.

As 8000: 1200 :: 800: 120 A's share of gain. As 8000 4800 :: 800: 480 B's share of gain. As 8000: 2000 :: 800 : 200 C's share of gain. 2. D, E, and F, trading together, gained 120 L.; D's stock was 140 L., E's was 300 L., and F's was 160 L.: what was each man's share of the gain?

Ans. D's share was 28 L., E's 60 L., F's 32 L. 3. Three merchants, trading together, lost goods to the value of 1920 dols.; now suppose A's stock was 2880 dols., B's 11520 dols., and C's 4800 dols.: what share of the loss must each man sustain ?

4. A, B, and C freighted a ship with 108 tuns of wine, of which A had 48 tuns, B 36, and C 24, but by reason of stormy weather were obliged to cast 45 tuns overboard; how much must each man sustain of the loss? Ans. A 20 tuns, B 15, and C 10.

5. If the money and effects of a bankrupt amount to 1400 L. 14 s. 6 d., and he is indebted to M 742 L. 12s., to B 641 L. 19 s. 8 d., and to C 987 L. 19 s. 9 d.; how must the property be divided among them?

M must have 438 L. 8 s. 44 d.

Ans. B
C

379 L. 0 s. 3 d.

583 L. 5 s. 9 d.

6. Suppose a person is indebted to S 70 L., to T 400 L., and to V 140 L. 12 s. 6 d., but upon his decease his property is found to be worth only 409 L. 14 s.; how must it be divided among his creditors?

{

S must have 46 L. 19 s. 3 d. 268 L. 7 s. 74 d. 94 L. 7 s. 0 d.

Ans. T
V

7. Three graziers pay among them 120 dols. for a grass enclosure, into which they put 300 oxen, whereol L had 80, N 100, and C 120; how much should each person pay? Ans. L 32 dols., N 40 dols., and C. 48 dols.

CASE 2.

When the respective stocks in company are consi dered with time.

RULE.

Multiply each man's stock by its time; then,