Add the following numbers, viz. 14, 18, 99, 45, 28, 27, 19, 38, 16, 39, 48, 29, 260, 148.

Add, six hundred and forty, seventy-nine, eighty, one hundred, two hundred and ten, four hundred and fifty.

Add, nineteen thousands, fifty thousands, one million one hundred and one, one hundred and twenty-five.

APPLICATION.

1. If John give Charles twenty nuts, and James give him fifty-six, and Joseph give him ninety-five, how many will he have? Answer 171.

2. A person went to collect money, and received of one man ninety dollars; of another, one hundred and forty dollars; of another, one hundred and one dollars; and of another, twenty-nine dollars. How much did he collect in all? Ans. 360 dollars.

3. Deposited in bank, fifty dollars in gold; three hundred dollars in silver, and five thousand dollars in notes. What is the whole amount deposited? Ans. 5350 dols.

4. The distance from Philadelphia to Bristol is 20 miles; from Bristol to Trenton, 10 miles; from Trenton to Princeton, 12 miles; from Princeton to Brunswick, 18 miles; from Brunswick to New York, 30 miles. How many miles from Philadelphia to New York? Ans. 90.

5. A merchant bought of one person 50 barrels of flour for 300 dollars; of another person, 75 barrels for 525 dollars; and of another person, 125 barrels for 1000

dollars. How many barrels did he buy, and how much

did he pay for the whole?

Ans. 250 barrels, and paid 1825 dollars.

SIMPLE SUBTRACTION.

By Subtraction we ascertain how much greater one number is than another: or what remains when a less number is taken from a greater.

RULE.

Place the less number under the greater, with units under units, tens under tens, &c. Then, beginning at the units place, take each lower figure from the one above it, and set down what remains. But if either of the lower figures be greater than the upper one, conceive 10 to be added to the upper,* then take the lower from it, and set down the remainder. When 10 is thus added to the upper figure, there must be 1 added to the next lower figure.

PROOF.

Add the remainder to the less number, and their amount will be equal to the greater.

* Some prefer taking the lower figure from 10, adding the remainder

to the upper, and setting down their amount.

Take one hundred and fifty-six from three hundred and twenty-five.

Subtract fifteen thousands five hundred and nine from twenty thousands six hundred and fifty-four.

Subtract twenty-five from ten thousands.

APPLICATION.

1. Charles has thirty-two marbles, and John has twenty-five: how many has Charles more than John? Ans. 7.

2. William is seventeen years old, and James is nine: how much older is William than James? Ans. 8 years. 3. Charles had twenty-five apples, but gave his brother twelve of them: how many had he left? Ans. 13. 4. A person had in bank 9000 pounds, but drew out 1112 pounds: how much money had he remaining in bank? Ans. 7888 pounds. 5. My friend owed me one hundred and fifty dollars, but has paid me ninety dollars: how much does he still Ans. 60 dollars.

Owe me?

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION.

1. If I add 500, 627, and 1000, and subtract from their amount 900, what number will remain ? Ans. 1227. 2. A person borrowed of me, at one time, 62 dollars; at another time, 150 dollars; and at another time, 200 dollars. He has now paid me 300 dollars. How much does he still owe me? Ans. 112 dollars. 3. Subtract 267 from 345, and add 150 to the remainder.

Facit 228.

4. A person had in his desk 1000 dollars. He took out 120 dollars to pay a debt. He afterwards put in 75 dollars. How much was there then in the desk?

Ans. 955 dollars.

SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION.

Multiplication teaches to find what a number amounts to when repeated a given number of times.

The number to be multiplied is called the multiplicand.

The number to multiply by is called the multiplier.

The number produced by multiplying is called the product.

The multiplier and multiplicand are also called fac

tors.

The scholar should commit the following Table to memory before he proceeds further.

MULTIPLICATION TABLE.

Twice 13 times | 4 times 5 times 6 times 17 times 1make2 1make3 1make4 1make5 1make6 1make7

When the multiplier does not exceed 12, work by

RULE I.

Set the multiplier under the right hand figure or figures of the multiplicand. Then, beginning with the units, multiply all the figures of the multiplicand, in succession, and set down the several products. But if

either of the products (except the last) be more than 9, set down its right hand figure only, and add its left hand figure or figures to the next product.-The whole of the last product must be set down.

PROOF.

Multiply by double the multiplier, and the product will be double the former product.

Product 4 8 6 8 2 2 8 0 2 0 8 4 8 1 1 0 4

6 7 0 7 0 5 3 4 6 2 1 4 4 0 9 560 420009

2

1 1

9

When the multiplier exceeds 12, work by

RULE II.

Multiply by each figure of the multiplier separately, first by the one at the right hand then by the next, and so on, placing their respective products one under another, with the right hand figure of each product directly under that figure of the multiplier by which it is produced. And hese products together; and their amount will be the product required.

Note.

-When cyphers occur at the right hand of either or both of the factors, omit them in the operation, and annex them to the product.