6. Bring 12 acres to square perches.

Facit 1920 sq. P.

LIQUID MEASURE.

This measure is used for beer, cider, wine, &c.

The denominations of Liquid Measure are tun, pipe

or butt, hogshead, gallon, quart, and pint.

2 pints (pt.) make

4 quarts

63 gallons

1 quart

1 gallon

1 hogshead

qt.

2 hogsheads

1 pipe or butt pi. o bt.

2 pipes (or 4 hogsheads) 1 tun

T.

Note. By a law of Pennsylvania, 16 gallons make one half barrel; 31 gallons one barrel; 64 gallons one double barrel; 84 gallons one puncheon; 42 gallons one tierce.

This measure is used for grain, fruit, salt, &c.

The denominations of Dry Measure are bushel, peck,

quart, and pint.

2 pints (pt.) make

8 quarts

4 pecks

1 peck
1 bushel

The denominations of Time are year, month, week,

day, hour, minute, and second.

Note. The six hours in each year are not reckoned till they amount to one day: hence, a common year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year, called leap year, of 366 days.

The following is a statement of the number of days. in each of the twelve months, as they stand in the calendar or almanac :

The fourth, eleventh, ninth, and sixth,
Have thirty days to each affix'd:
And every other thirty-one,
Except the second month alone,
Which has but twenty-eight in fine,

Till leap year gives it twenty-nine.

EXAMPLES.

1. Reduce 8 years to months.

Facit 96 mo.

2. Bring 6 years to weeks, (supposing 52 weeks to rake a year.)

3. Bring 3 years to days, (supposing

make a year.)

4. Reduce 25 weeks to days. 5. Reduce 12 days to hours. 6. Bring 14 hours to minutes. 7. Bring 9 minutes to seconds. 8. Bring 4 weeks to minutes. When a sum or quantity is to be denomination than its own, work by

RULE 2.*

Facit 312 W.

365 days to

Facit 1095 D.

Facit 175 D.

Facit 288 H.

Facit 840 min.

Facit 540 sec.

Facit 40320 min. changed to a higher

Divide the given sum or quantity by that number of Its own denomination which makes one of the denomi

* The reason of this rule may be seen by considering that as it takes twenty shillings to make one pound, there must be just as many pounds in any number of shillings as there are twenties in that number; and that to find how many twenties there are in any number, we divide it by 20.

nation to which it is to be changed. (See notes 1, 2, and 3.)

When there are one or more denominations between the denomination of the given sum or quantity and that to which it is to be changed, first change it to the one next higher than its own, and then to the next higher, and so on. (See notes 4 and 5.)

Remainders are of the same denomination as the sum or quantity divided. (See examples 2, 6, 8, 10, and 12, in English Money.)

EXAMPLES

ENGLISH MONEY.

Note I.-To change shillings to pounds, divide them by 20, because 20 shillings make 1 pound. 1. Bring 60 shillings to pounds.

Facit 3£

3. Bring 120 shillings to pounds. 4. Bring 446 shillings to pounds. Note 2.-To bring pence to shillings, by 12, because 12 pence make 1 shilling. 5. Bring 72 pence to shillings.

6. Bring 195 pence to shillings.

Facit 6 Facit 22£ 6s. divide them

Facit 6s.

Facit 16s. 3d.

Note 3.-To bring farthings to pence, divide them by 4, because 4 farthings make 1 penny.

7. Bring 36 farthings to pence.

Facit 9d.

8. Bring 763 farthings to pence. Facit 190d. 3 qrs. Note 4.-To bring pence to pounds, bring them first to shillings, and then bring those shillings to pounds. 9. Bring 480 pence to pounds. Facit 2£

10. Bring 9655 pence to pounds. Facit 40£ 4s. 7d. Note 5.-To bring farthings to pounds, bring them first to pence, then bring those pence to shillings, and then bring those shillings to pounds.

11. Bring 3840 farthings to pounds. 12. Bring 6529 farthings to pounds.

Facit 4£

Facit 6£ 16 s. 0 d. 4

FEDERAL MONEY.

Note 6.-To reduce cents to dollars, divide them by 100: or, which is the same thing, separate two figures from the right of their number: and all on the left of these will be dollars.

1. Bring 600 cents to dollars. 2. Bring 1250 cents to dollars. 3. Bring 4575 cents to dollars.

Facit 6 dollars. Facit 12 dols. 50 cts.

Facit 45 dols. 75 cts.

Note 7.-To change fourths of a cent to cents, divide them by 4-To change halves of a cent to cents, divide them by 2-To change thirds of a cent to cents, divide them by 3, &c.

4. Bring 20 fourths of a cent to cents. 5. Bring 125 fourths of a cent to cents. 6. Bring 75 half cents to cents.

7. Bring 432 thirds of a cent to cents.

Facit 5 cents.
Facit 314 cts.
Facit 37 cts.
Facit 144 cts.

Note 8.-To change mills to dollars, divide them by 1000: or, which is the same thing, separate three figures from the right of their number, and all on the left of these will be dollars.

8. Bring 4000 mills to dollars.

Facit 4 dols. 9. Bring 25750 mills to dollars. Facit 25 dols. 75 cts. 10. Bring 96532 mills to dollars.

Facit 96 dols. 53 cts. 2 m.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

1. Bring 75 cwt. to tons.
2. Bring 56 qrs. to cwt.
3. Bring 840lb. to quarters.
4. Bring 86 oz. to lb.
5. Bring 176 drams to oz.
6. Bring 958 qr. to tons.
7. Bring 9856 lb. to cwt.

Facit 3 T. 15 cwt.

Facit 14 cwt.

Facit 30 qrs.

Facit 5 lb. 6 oz.

Facit 11 oz.

Facit 11 T. 19 cwt. 2 qr.

TROY WEIGHT.

1. Bring 672 oz. to pounds.
2. Bring 145 dwt. to ounces.
3. Bring 560 gr. to dwt.
4. Bring 960 dwt: to lb.
5. Bring 9624 gr. to lb.

Facit 88 cwt.

Facit 56 lb.

Facit 7 oz. 5 dwt. Facit 23 dwt. 8 gr. Facit 4 lb. Facit 1 lb. 8 oz. 1 dwt.

APOTHECARIES WEIGHT.

1. Bring 672 ounces to pounds.
2. Bring 336 drams to ounces.
3. Bring 91 scruples to drams.
4. Bring 89 grains to 9.
5. Bring 192 to 3.
6. Bring 12660 gr. to fb.

Facit 56

Facit 42 Facit 303 1 Facit 499 gr. Facit 8

Facit 223 33

LONG MEASURE.

1. Bring 60 miles to leagues.
2. Bring 567 furlongs to miles.
3. Bring 640 poles to furlongs.
4. Bring 286 yards to poles.
5. Bring 52 feet to yards.
6. Bring 588 inches to feet.
7. Bring 2880 poles to leagues.

Facit 20 L.

Facit 70 M. 7 fur.
Facit 16 fur.
Facit 52 P.
Facit 17 yds. 1 ft.
Facit 49 ft.

Facit 3 L.

8. Bring 75 inches to yards. Facit 2 yds. 0 ft. 3 in.

CLOTH MEASURE.

1. Bring 60 qr. to French ells.
2. Bring 464 qrs. to English ells.
3. Bring 750 qrs. to Flemish ells.
4. Bring 46 qrs. to yards.
5. Bring 480 nails to quarters.

Facit 10 E. Fr. Facit 92 E. E. 4 qr. Facit 250 E. FI. Facit 11 yds. 2 qr. Facit 120 qr.

6. Bring 95 nails to English ells. Facit 4 E. E. 3 qr. 3 na.

LAND MEASURE.

1. Bring 286 roods to acres.

Facit 71 A. 2 R. 2. Bring 360 square perches to roods. Facit 9 R. 3. Bring 4719 square yards to square perches. Facit 156 P. 4. Bring 756 square feet to square yards. Facit 84 yds. 5. Bring 1728 square inches to square feet. Facit 12 ft. 6. Bring 966 square perches to acres.

Facit 6 A. 0 R. 6 P.

LIQUID MEASURE.

1. Bring 91 pipes to tuns.
2. Bring 50 hogsheads to pipes.
3. Bring 945 gallons to hogsheads.
4. Bring 163 quarts to gallons.
5. Bring 87 pints to quarts.

Facit 45 T. 1 P. Facit 25 pi. Facit 15 nhd. Facit 40 gal. 3 qt. Facit 43 qt. 1 pt.