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CHAPTER II.-THE CIVIL AND ECCLESIASTICAL BEGINNINGS OF

NEW ENGLAND.

Massachusetts..

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Extension of the Plymouth Colony; its Causes and Results.......... 31
Extension of the Puritan Colony.

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PAGE.

New Haven Colony......

Their Puritan Character......

Relations of Church and State......

Congregational Order approved..

The Condition of Connecticut in 1680.......

Rhode Island.................................

Founded by Roger Williams.........

Relations of Church and State..........

Religious Freedom guaranteed by Charter of 1663.....

Vermont........

Its Early Settlements......

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Controversy with New York...

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Relations of Church and State.........

Article III of Bill of Rights of the Constitution of 1777............ 50

CHAPTER III.-THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN THE
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY TO 1691.

(1) Persecution develops Religious Liberty...

In Massachusetts......

In Connecticut.......

In Rhode Island-its Religious Liberty the first fruits of per

secution in Massachusetts...

(2) The Extension of the Franchise.....

In Connecticut.......

By Charter of 1662.....

In Massachusetts.....

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(a) Maine and New Hampshire citizens not church members 57 (b) The Adoption of the Half-way Covenant........ ......... 58 (c) The King insists upon giving all citizens the Franchise.. 60 His letter......... 60 The Church Membership Qualification law repealed.. 61 Its substitute.........

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(3) Massachusetts' controversy with the King forces her to a more liberal policy.....

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CHAPTER IV.-DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN THE EIGH-
TEENTH CENTURY TO 1787.

The Commercial and Industrial Life of New England tends towards
Religious Liberty.........

Breaking up of the Old Town-Church System.......

Charter of 1691. Baptist Swansea under jurisdiction of Massachusetts.....

Towns begin to support two Churches.........

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CHURCH AND STATE IN NEW ENGLAND.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY.

A study of church and state in America may well begin with results of the Reformation in England. Puritan, Independent, Separatist, Pilgrim, were but the names of those zealous English Protestants who, no longer satisfied with the Church of Rome, stood for the reform of its doctrine. and polity. The teachings of Wycliffe, Erasmus and Colet had prepared the way for the reform in England, and, whatever may have been Henry VIII.'s motive for declaring his ecclesiastical independence, there is little doubt that there was a considerable party ready to support him in his opposition to the Pope. The Defender of the Faith was far from ready to take up the cause of Protestantism; nevertheless, the advocates of reform saw in the separation from Rome a point. gained for their cause. The dissolution of the monasteries which followed gave the death-blow to the Catholic hierarchy in England and undermined the whole Catholic party; and, more than that, it raised up a party which not alone from principle but from self-interest opposed every effort to re-establish Catholicism. In this way again the King aided the cause of the reformers. Henry VIII., however, was at heart a Catholic and he aimed to enforce a Catholicism, with himself as Pope, upon the English people. The Statute of Six Articles

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