Four pairs of corduroy stockings. Two flannel shirts. One pair of swimming-trunks. One worsted belt. One cap, or light felt hat. One pair of heavy all-wool camp-blankets, gray. One rubber coat. No fire-arms will be allowed. Each boy will be allowed twenty-five cents a week for personal expenses while in camp; it is requested that no other money be furnished to any boy for use during the summer. Necessary additional expenses will be paid by the camp, and an account will be sent to parents. There will be two terms, the first beginning near the end of June and ending about the beginning of August, and the second beginning early in August and ending early in September. The fees for the two terms will be $150; for one term, $85. CANADA, DOMINION OF. See DOMINION OF CANADA. CAPE COLONY, a British colony in South Africa, the form of government of which was established on March 11, 1853. British Caffraria was incorporated in the colony in 1865, and responsible government was established in 1872. The executive authority is vested in the Governor, assisted by an Executive Council appointed by the Crown. The legislative power rests with a Legislative Council of 22 members, elected for seven years, presided over ex officio by the Chief-Justice, and a House of Assembly of 74 members, elected for five years. On Sept. 1, 1887 an act took effect giving the Transkeian territories representation in the Legislative Council, and two members in the House of Assembly. The Governor of the Cape of Good Hope is Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, appointed in 1880. He is also commander-in-chief of the forces within the colony, and High Commissioner for South Africa. The Governor is assisted in his administration by a ministry of five members. Area and Population.-The area of Cape Colony is 213,636 square miles, including 14,230 square miles in the Transkeian territory. The estimated population of the colony and its dependencies in 1885 was 1,252,347. The total white population is estimated at 300,000. The capital of the colony, Cape Town, had a population of 60,000 in 1886. Kimberley had a population of 25,000, and Port Elizabeth, a population of 18,000 in the same year. During 1886, 4,731 marriages were regis. tered in the colony. Assisted immigration was stopped in 1886. The number of emigrants sent out by the emigration agent in London between 1873 and 1885 was 23,337, the greatest number in any single year being 4,645 in 1882. Basutoland, with an area of 168,000 square miles and 168,000 inhabitants, of whom only 400 are whites, a rich grainproducing district, is administered by a resident commissioner under the High Commissioner for South Africa. Bechuanaland, 180,000 square miles in extent, with a Caffre population of 478,000, and Pondoland, with 200,000 inhabitants, are British protectorates. The Pondos have as yet refused to receive a resident commissioner. Finances. The revenue for the year 1888 is estimated at £3,451,000, and the expenditure at £3,110,000. Of the total revenue of the colony, one third is derived from customs, and one third from railways. One third of the expenditure is for the public debt, and one fifth for railways. On Jan. 1, 1887, the colony had a public debt of £21,171,854, besides £1,289,439 raised for guaranteed companies. Colonial paper money has been issued to the amount of £2,360,000. 1886 was £3,799,261, and of exports, including Commerce. The total value of imports for specie and diamonds, £7,306,538. For the year 1887 the exports were £7,535,037. The value of the wool exported in 1886, was £1,580,432; ostrich-feathers, £546,230; hides and skins, £397,091; copper-ore, £559,328; Angora hair, £232,134; wine, £23,426; diamonds, £3,504,756. In 1887 the export of diamonds was 3,598,930 carats, valued at £4,240,000. The number of vessels entered and cleared at the ports of the colony in 1886 was 3,555, having a tonnage of 5,549,217. The number of miles of state railroads in the colony at the end of 1886 was 1,599; the gross earnings were £1,048,686, and expenses, £646,715. The capital expended on railways to the end of 1886 has been £14,130,616. The net earnings, which averaged 24 per cent. for the two years preceding, were 4 per cent. in 1887. The revenue from the postal service amounted in 1886 to £125,634, and the expenditure to £183,057. The number of letters carried during the year was 6,529,874, and of newspapers, 3,151,835. The total length of the telegraph lines in the colony at the end of 1886 was 4,329 miles. During the year, 770,500 messages were sent. Naval Defenses.-The colonial and imperial Governments are jointly fortifying the harbor of Table Bay, the Cape Government providing the labor. Works at Simon's Bay have been built by the British Government. Natal. The colony of Natal was separated from the Cape of Good Hope in 1856. The Governor is assisted by an Executive Council, composed of the chief functionaries, and a Legislative Council made up to seven appointed and twenty-three elected members. The present Governor is Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock, who was appointed to the post in October, 1885. The revenue in 1886 was £600,177, and the expenditure £717,414. In 1887 the revenue rose to £816,680, while the expenditure was £689,325. The public debt at the end of 1887 was £4,035,126. The area of the colony is 21,150 square miles, and the population, as returned in 1886, is 442,697. Between 1878 and 1884, when assisted immigration ceased, 4,526 immigrants were brought into the colony at Government expense. The white population at the end of 1887 was 35,866. There were 32,312 Indian coolies. One quarter of these are indentured to the planters for a term of five years. The free Indians compete with white mechanics and clerks, and the further importation of indentured laborers, who, after the expiration of their term of servitude enter the field of white labor, meets with strong popular opposition. The native population was 408,922, but of this number more than 225,000 live on reservations, and the colonists are anxious to remove them to Zululand. The total trade by sea in 1887 amounted to £3,333,000, against £2,333,000 in 1886. The chief exports are wool, sugar, hides, corn, and recently gold, of which £120,021 were exported in eleven months of 1887. A large part of the commerce consists of transit trade with the interior. Railroads to the Orange Free State and the Transvaal borders were authorized by the Legislative Council in March, 1888, and a loan of £1,500,000 has been raised for the purpose. The development of the railroads to within a short distance of the frontier has assisted the improvement of the trade of Natal, which has greatly increased since the gold discoveries in the Transvaal. The railroad mileage at the close of 1887 was 217, against 195 in 1886. South African Customs and Railway Union.-A conference of the South African states and colonies to consider the question of railway extension into the republics and an agreement with regard to customs and the collection of duties, which it would necessitate, was called at the initiative of the English, who had neglected the matter of railroad communication with the Orange Free State and the Transvaal until the construction of the Delagoa Bay Railroad threatened to divert the trade of those states and of the central parts of South Africa. Delegates from Cape Colony, Natal, and the Orange Free State met at the conference, which concluded its sessions on Feb. 18, 1888. The South African Republic, which had carried through the Delagoa Bay project in spite of British discouragement, was not represented. The conference agreed on the principle of a uniform scheme of tariffs for the four members of the proposed Zollverein. The duties would be collected at the seaboard by Cape and Natal officials, and the colonial governments would retain one quarter to cover the cost of collection, harbor works, and postal and cable subsidies, paying three quarters into the treasury of the Orange Free State or the Transvaal Republic according to the destination of the goods. To carry out this arrangement, it would be necessary for the Transvaal to enter into a similar agreement with Portugal by which the same rates of duty should be levied on imports brought over the Delagoa Bay Railroad, or, in case the South African Republic declined to enter the union or to impose a duty on goods entering by way of Delagoa Bay, the Orange Free State must impose duties at its Vaal frontier which shall be equal to the appointed tariff less the Portuguese transit duties. Imports destined for the crown colonies of Basutoland and British Bechuanaland would be subjected to the same maritime duties, and their governments would, like the republics, receive three fourths of the sums collected. A uniform tariff of 12 per cent. was proposed, of which 3 per cent. would be retained as the transit charge. Sir Gordon Sprigg, the Cape minister, who presided, suggested that if the republics both declined to enter into the arrangement, the British Government might agree with the Portuguese Government on a uniform tariff, the British and Portuguese colonial authorities retaining part as transit charges, and paying the difference to the Dutch republics or to inland merchants in the form of a rebate. conference agreed on specific duties on guns, spirits, tea, coffee, and tobacco; on a free list comprising fence-wire, machinery, railroad materials, printers' material, and pig iron; on a 10-per-cent. rate for agricultural implements, vehicles, and iron manufactures; and on a gencral tariff of 12 per cent. on all other articles. Between the colonies and states composing the union free trade shall exist, except in spirits and sugar. The Cape Colony agreed to extend its railroad lines to the Orange river near Colesberg, there to join lines that the Orange Free State promised to build northeastward through Blomfontein to Harrismith, and thence through the coal and gold fields to the Vaal river. At Harrismith an extension of the Natal system will join the line. In Natal, where the existing tariff is 7 per cent., as against 15 per cent. in Cape Colony, there was much opposition to the customs union. President Krüger, of the South African Republic, expressed himself as desirous for free trade with the Free State and the colonies, but his Government was precluded from entering the customs union by a customs treaty with Belgium and an agreement with the Netherlands South African Railway Company permitting goods to be imported by way of the Delagoa Bay Railroad free of duty. The railroad proposals were carried in the Free State Volksraad after a long discussion, by the casting vote of the President, and in the last days of May a large majority agreed to the customs union with the English colonies. During the session a resolution was passed also in favor of federal union with the Transvaal. The Cape Legislative Council in August rejected the proposition of a customs union, after it had been approved by the Assembly. The Transvaal Government agreed to admit imports from the colonies at the same rates as on the Portuguese frontier, and to cancel the concession to the Dutch and German railroad company, remitting duties on freight, on obtaining a pledge from the British Government that it would not acquire the Delagoa Bay Railroad, which has been built from Lorenzo Marquez as far as the hills bordering the Northern Transvaal territory, and is to be carried across these and extended to Pretoria. The right of Portugal to the country of the Maputos south of Delagoa Bay having been established by arbitration, the Queen of Amatongaland early in 1888 acknowledged the sovereignty of the King of Portugal over this part of her territory. The Cape Parliament authorized the extension of the railways from Colesberg to the Orange river and from Kimberley to the Vaal river. As soon as Parliament was prorogued, on Aug. 17, the Government called a special session to reconsider the customs union tariff bill, and both branches passed it, in order to avert a Cabinet crisis. Zululand.—On May 14, 1887, Zululand was annexed to the British Empire by proclamation. Mr. Osborn, the resident commissioner and chief magistrate of the new possession under Sir Arthur Havelock, gathered such of the Zulus as would accept his invitation at Nkonjeni on July 7, where he hoisted the British flag and read the proclamation. Usibepu, the most powerful of the chiefs among whom the British had partitioned the country after the deposition of King Cetewayo, who had been permitted to retain his territory in the northeast on the king's restoration, was beaten by the Usutus, or Zulus, who were attached to the dynasty, under Cetewayo's son, Dinizulu, and was driven into the Zulu Reserve. After the annexation, as soon as laws and regulations had been made for the territory, the British made preparations to restore their ally and his followers to the lands from which they had been expelled, but deferred their intention when Dinizulu and Umyamyana made preparations to drive out the renegades again. Dinizulu retired into the New Republic, but came back after vainly imploring the Boers to join him in an attack on the British and their Zulu allies, and became involved in a quarrel with another chief. Both were summoned before the special commissioner to have their differences settled. Dinizulu was at first contumacious, but on Nov. 14, 1887, they both appeared and were ordered each to pay a fine of cattle. At the end of that month Usibepu and Sokwetyata, another chief who had fled into the Reserve, were restored. In January, 1888, Usibepu attacked a kraal belonging to some of Dinizula's people, seized their cattle, and drove the Usutus off the land. Dinizulu again went to the New Republic to ask the assistance of the Boers. While he was absent, in April, some police who attempted to make arrests at the kraal of Undabuko, his uncle, were forcibly ejected. In May Dinizulu fell upon the chief Humelane and recaptured stolen cattle. The Zululand police, with an escort of dragoons, proceeded to execute warrants of arrest against him and other chiefs. Dinizulu and Undabuko collected their followers at Ceza, in the ex treme northwest, and compelled the British force to retreat after sharp fighting, in June. Zulus who were loyal to their king, Dinizulu, then rose in rebellion in all parts of the country. Store-keepers in different parts of Zululand were murdered, and natives who were friendly to the English were plundered. On June 23 the Usutus attacked Usibepu, who had raised an impi at the call of Governor Havelock, and routed his force inflicting heavy losses. Usibepu fled, with the police at Ivuna, who were also attacked. The English raised levies of natives in Basutoland and the Reserve, and sent them under European leaders to quell the rebellion, while troops were moved forward from Durban to the frontier, and from Cape Town to Durban, and re-enforcements were even sent from England and Egypt. Lieut.-Gen. Smyth, commanding the British forces in South Africa, went to Zululand to direct operations. A body of troops, native levies, and police advanced from Nkojeni against the Usutus under a brother of Cetewayo named Tshingana, at Hlopekulu, near White Umvolosi river, and defeated them, after six hours' fighting, on July 2, losing two white officers and a large number of natives. Usutu chiefs looted Sokwety ata's cattle and attacked the magistrate of Inkhandla district. In the beginning of July Somkeli and his vassals rose in the Umvolosi district against Mr. Pretorius, the sub-commissioner, and other chiefs on the coast near San Lucia joined the rebellion. Before marching upon Ceza, where Dinizulu had been joined by his loyal subjects from all parts of Zululand, and had a force of 4,000 warriors, Gen. Smith sent an expedition to the Umvolosi. Somkeli surrendered voluntarily, and ordered his under chiefs to desist from hostilities. Other columns dispersed the minor insurgent forces in the south and east of Zululand. The general waited for levies of Zulus and Basutos, but these never came except in small numbers. Sir Arthur Havelock did not share the current opinion as to Dinizulu's guilt, and was anxious to save the Zulus from a war of extermination, and hence arose the usual differences between the civil and the military authorities. The only considerable native force that was raised was John Dunn's impi, numbering over 1,500 warriors, which took part in the reduction of Somkeli near San Lucia. The British forces, numbering about 2,000 British regulars, besides police, Natal volunteers, and native levies, began to move on Ceza in the early part of August, establishing military stations at various points. Dinizulu and Undabuko, whose followers had dwindled to 1,000 men through hunger and cold, fled into the Transvaal. The Zulus several times attacked the British posts and flying columns, and raided the friendly natives in the Reserve. Usibepu, the prime mover of the troubles, was supported, if not instigated, by the Natal colonists and officials, who have shown uniform hostility to the royal family of Zululand, and a determina tion to uproot the loyal attachment of the Zulu Caffres to their hereditary kings. The murders and robberies of the English protégé first drove Dinizulu and his starving followers to acts of retaliation. Usibepu's people also invaded Swaziland, and killed men and women on the pretence that the Swazis had helped Cetewayo. The revolt of Somkele was due to an unjustifiable attack by Usibepu, who had been admonished to keep quiet by the British authorities. Dinizulu gave himself up in September to the Transvaal authorities on a promise that he should not be surrendered to the English, who willingly acquiesced in an arrangement that relieved them of the responsibility of putting him on trial for his life. Undabuko made his escape into Amatongaland, but afterward delivered himself up to the civil authorities at Nkojeni. The British Government announced the intention of maintaining Zululand as a permanent possession. Gen. Smyth, who arrived at Nkojeni on August 1, left Zululand in the beginning of September, leaving an army of occupation consisting of 1,500 troops. The New Republic.-After Cetewayo was allowed to return to Zululand, Usibepu made war on him and compelled him to take refuge in the Zulu Reserve, where he died. His people, the Usutus, under Undabuko and Dinizulu, obtained the assistance of Transvaal Boers by ceding to them the third part of Zululand, and defeated Usibepu, who in his turn fled into the Reserve. The Boers formed the New Republic of Western Zululand on the lands that had been sold to them, and acquired others on the sea-shore. The British, in response to an appeal from the Usutus themselves, interfered, and induced the Boers to give up the latter, except such as were actually occupied, and to forego their claim to a protectorate over the whole of Zululand, by conceding their right to the territory of Western Zululand, and formally recognizing the New Republic. In October, 1887, a treaty of union was concluded between the South African Republic, formerly called the Transvaal, and the New Republic of Western Zululand. The treaty was ratified by the Volksraad of the South African Republic when it met in May, 1888, and also by that of the New Republic in June, subject to the approval of the British Imperial Government, in accordance with the treaty concluded after the Transvaal war, which placed the foreign relations of the republic under the suzerain control of Great Britain. Gen. Joubert and another commissioner were sent from Pretoria to take over the government of the New Republic, and when the reorganization was effected Lucas Meyer, the former President, was left at the head of the administration, with the title of Border Commissioner. Boer Invasion of Khama's Territory. The territory lying between the Macloutsie and Shashi rivers has for some time been the subject of dispute between Khama, the chief of the Ba mangwatos, and Lobengula, king of Matabeleland. The Transvaal Boers, in order to forestall the English, who, having ousted the Dutch from Bechuanaland, apportioned the best farming-lands among immigrants of British birth, made a ferry across the Crocodile river, just below the mouth of the Macloutsie, with the object of taking possession of the disputed tract under grants that had been issued to Boer citizens some time before. A Transvaal Boer named Grobelaar, in July, 1888, went with an escort as special envoy of the Transvaal Government to Lobengula. When the Boers were returning through the debatable ground, in order to cross by the ferry, Chief Khama forbade them the right of passage, and when Khama sent some men to stop them, the Boers took away their guns. A stronger party was sent to retake them, and this was fired upon, but Khama's people returned the fire, and charged on the Boers, who fled after two of them had been killed and the commander and another wounded. The scene of the fight was on land that has been in dispute between Khama and Lobengula, and lies just within the British protectorate. The High Commissioner asked for explanations from the Transvaal Government, which had nominated Grobelaar an envoy to Lobengula. Khama collected a force of 3,000 men armed with rifles, besides 300 horsemen with Martini-Henry breech-loaders, and was joined by a band of British border police. A force of Transvaal Boers was encamped on the opposite bank of Crocodile river, in readiness for action, while the matter was being investigated by commissioners of the British and the Transvaal Governments. Gen. P. J. Joubert and H. Pretorius were the representatives sent from the Transvaal to co-operate with Sir Sidney Shepard, the administrator of Bechuanaland, in an inquiry into the facts. The incident led to the important intimation being made by Sir Hercules Robinson, under instructions from the British Government, to the President of the South African Republic, that the Matabele, Mashona, and Makalaka territories, and the northern part of Khama's territory, as far as the Zambezi, are solely within the sphere of British influence. Lobengula, the Matabele king, concluded a treaty with England in April, by which he bound himself to refrain from entering into any correspondence or treaty with any foreign state or power to sell or cede any portion of his dominions, including the tributary territories of Mashona, Maka, and Malaka, without the previous consent of the British High Commissioner. The Transvaal Republic was cut off by this treaty from any extension northward, except with the sanction of the British. The Boer Government therefore sent Commander Grobelaar to Lobengula to remind him of a previous treaty that he had made with the Transvaal, but the chief of Matabeleland refused to discuss the subject. Grobelaar died of his wounds two weeks after the affray with Khama's men. Another fight took place be |