DEPARTMENT ON COMPENSATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS PREVENTION-THE NATIONAL CIVIC FEDERA AND THEIR ALPINE, JOHN R. (president Association of Plumbers, Gas Fitters, and Steam Fitters), Chicago. BALDWIN, WILLIAM D. (president Otis Elevator Co.), New York City. BARTLETT, GEORGE A. (Member of Congress), Tonopah, Nev. BELMONT AUGUST (Interborough Rapid Transit BLAINE, JOHN J. (member former industrial insur- BUCKLEY, E. R. (American Mining Congress), BUTLER, CHARLES H. (chairman compensation committee American Bar Association), Washington, D. C. BUTLER, J. G., jr. (president Bessemer Pig Iron CARMICAL, DREWRY A. (president Carmical Manufacturing Co.), Union City, Ga. COOLIDGE, L. A. (treasurer United Shoe Machinery Co.), Boston, Mass. CONWAY, ROBERT E. (Armour & Co.), National Stock Yards P. O., Illinois. CURWEN, SAMUEL M. (J. G. Brill Co.), Philadelphia, Pa. DAVIES, EDGAR T. (former chief, Illinois State fac- DONAHUE, CHARLES J. (State Federation of Labor), DUNCAN, JAMES (president Granite Cutters' International Association of America), Quincy, Mass. DU PONT, PIERRE S. (E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co.), Wilmington, Del. EIDLITZ, OTTO M. (New York Building Trades Employers' Association), New York City. ESPENHAIN, F. K. (president Espenhain Dry Goods Co.), Milwaukee, Wis. ESTA BROOK, HENRY D. (attorney), New York City. FAXON, WALTER C. (vice president the Etna Life Insurance Co.) Hartford. FISH, FREDERICK S. (Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Co.), South Bend, Ind. FISKE, HALEY (vice president Metropolitan Insurance Co.), New York City. GARRETSON, A. B. (president Order of Railway Conductors), Cedar Rapids, Iowa. GILLETTE, GEORGE M. (Minnesota Employers' Association), Minneapolis. GODARD, A. A. (attorney), Topeka, Kans. GOMPERS, SAMUEL (president American Federation of Labor), Washington, D. C. HAMILTON, GRANT (chairman compensation for industrial accidents committee, District of Columbia Council, the Nationa! Civic Federation), Washington, D. C. HAYES, DENIS A. (president Glass Bottle Blowers' Association), Philadelphia. HEALY, TIMOTHY (president International Brotherhood of Stationary Firemen), New York. HERR, EDWIN M. (president Westinghouse Eleotric & Air Brake Company), Pittsburgh. HOYT, COLGATE (banker), New York City. HUBER, WILLIAM D. president United Brother hood of Carpenters), Indianapolis. JAMES, FRANCIS B. (attorney), Cincinnati, Ohio, JONES, RICHARD, jr. (Republic Iron & Steel Co.), Pittsburgh, Pa. LORD, J. WALTER (chairman Maryland State commission on workmen's compensation and chairman Maryland State Council, the National Civic Federation), Baltimore, Md. LYNCH, JAMES M. (president International Typographical Union), Indianapolis, Ind. MACY, V. EVERIT (publicist), New York City. MARKS, MARCUS M. (National Association of Clothiers), New York City. MARSHALL, W. H. (president American Locomotive Co.), New York City. METZ, HERMAN A. (H. A. Metz & Co.), New York City. PARKER, LEWIS W. (president Parker Cotton Mills Co.), Greenville, S. C. PHILLIPS, CYRUS W. (member former New York State commission on employers' liability), Rochester, N. Y. PORTER, A. J. (president the Shredded Wheat Co.), Niagara Falls, N. Y. SELLERS, E. B. (chairman compensation committee, Indiana Council, the National Civic Federation), Monticello, Ind. SMITH, GEORGE W. (Lackawanna Steel Co.), Buffalo, N. Y. SNOW, ELLIOT (naval constructor, United States Navy, William Cramp & Sons Steamship and Engine Building Co.), Philadelphia. SCHRAM, LOUIS B. (chairman labor committee United States Brewers' Association), Brooklyn, N. Y. STARRING, MASON B. (president United Railways Investment Co.), New York. STETSON, FRANCIS LYNDE (attorney), New York City. TAYLOR, WILLIAM H. (president St. Clair Coal Co.), Scranton, Pa. TERRY, CHARLES THADDEUS (president Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws), New York City. TOBIN, JOHN F. (president Boot and Shoe Workers' Union), Boston, Mass. TOMPKINS, D. A. (president the D. A. Tompkins Co.), Charlotte, N. C. ULLMAN, COL. ISAAC M. (corset manufacturer), New Haven, Conn. WILEY, LOUIS (the New York Times), New York City. WILLIAMS, JOHN (former commissioner of labor, State of New York), Albany, N. Y. WOODRUFF, ROLLIN S. (president C. S. Mersick & Co.), New Haven, Conn. And officers and chairmen of committees. CONTENTS. Attitude of employers and workmen and interest shown. II. The principle of workmen's compensation. III. Further extension of employers' liability in absence of compensation 10 IX. Satisfaction with compensation acts as against liability laws. X. Effect upon relation between employer and employee. XI. Effect on accident prevention... XII. Insurance of employers doing business in different States. Injuries arising out of and in the course of employment.. What are accidental injuries................. INTRODUCTION. Lack of uniformity in State laws upon the subject and the necessity of securing facts to assist employers, workmen, and legislators to decide rightfully when promoting new legislation caused the National Civic Federation, through its department on compensation for industrial accidents and their prevention, to form a commission to study the operation of State workmen's compensation acts. The American Federation of Labor was invited to cooperate, and the executive council of that body named two of its members to act upon the commission. It was the belief that such an investigation would be of benefit not only to States which have not yet enacted compensation legislation but also to those in which laws have been passed; that by bringing out the respective merits and demerits of the various laws there would be afforded a clearer understanding of the difficulties involved and a more definite and exact knowledge of the benefits to be derived from this great reform; and that the inquiry would assist in further development along just and sound economic lines, tend toward securing uniformity of legislation in the different States, and aid in bringing about a better feeling of cooperation between employer and workman. PLAN AND SCOPE OF INQUIRY. The purpose of the commission was to ascertain the facts with regard to the operation of workmen's compensation laws, rather than to report upon theories or to make recommendations. The intent was the use of the information by the Civic Federation in drafting a new model workmen's compensation law. The scope of the inquiry was comprehensive and involved personal conferences and hearings in the States having had the most experience and typifying different schemes or plans of compensation. There were included various types of elective acts and compulsory State insurance laws. Some of the questions upon which information was secured were: "Degree of satisfaction given by compensation as against liability laws;" "The value of elective versus compulsory compensation laws;" "Reasons for accepting or rejecting elective acts;" "The amount of compensation;" "Contributions by employees;" "Methods of insuring;" "Cost of compensation;" "Exclusiveness of compensation remedy;" "Employers' defenses abrogated under elective acts;' "Employments covered;" "Nonresident alien dependents;" tractors liable to employees of subcontractors;" "Length of waiting period;" ;" "Medical and surgical aid;" "Effect on prevention of accidents;" "Litigation under compensation acts;" "Methods of administration;" and "Effect upon relations of employer and workman." "Con |